from the six-party talks to a northeast asian security regime? by joseph r. cerami

8/3/2019 From the Six-Party Talks to a Northeast Asian Security Regime? by Joseph R. Cerami

1/22

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2/22

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Hbwmi Nam,qowmi- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 87

Vjpt AAA> Tbg Moptb Copgjm Mwhkgjp Axxwg

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Cjtbpqm Ygjtbgpx`q - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 48

Epol tbg Xar,Vjptq Tjkcx to j Moptbgjxt Jxajm Xghwpatq Pgialg?

Hoovgpjtaug Tbpgjt Pgdwhtaom Xtpjtgiagx jmd Amxtatwtaomjk Dgugkovlgmt

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3/22 TBG MOPTB COPGJM MWHKGJP AXXWG 71

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nghtaugx+ amhkwdami gkalamjtami Moptb Copgjm mwhkgjp

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laxxakg dgugkovlgmt vpoipjlx- Iaugm tbg hwppgmt kjhc

oe vpoipgxx+ ax tbgpg j `gttgp jvvpojhb eop pgiaomjk op

lwktakjtgpjk mgiotajtaomx?

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epjlgyopc jx ygkk jx bax ejakgd jttglvtx to homtamwg

davkoljhq yatb Moptb Copgj to pgdwhg tgmxaomx jmd

vjug tbg yjq eop jddataomjk jplx homtpokx pgijpdami

komi,pjmig laxxakgx-0

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4/2256 TBG COPGJ GHOMOLAH AMXTATWTG

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alvkglgmtjtaom oe tbg Hkamtom,gpj Mwmm,Kwijp vpo,

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hogphaug davkoljhq tbgopq+ yatb j hoovgpjtaug xtpjtg,

iah jvvpojhb+ jx xwiigxtgd am amxtatwtaomjk tbgopq-5

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ami jm amxtatwtaomjk jvvpojhb eop j Moptbgjxt Jxajm

xghwpatq pgialg- Kgviokd jmd Mamhah jddpgxx tbg tbgopq

jmd baxtopq oe amtgpmjtaomjk amxtatwtaomjkaxl jmd tbg

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amxtatwtaomjk dgugkovlgmt-9 Am `page+ tbgq vpovoxg j

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tbg Gwpovgjm Wmaom "GW! jmd tbg Moptb Jtkjmtah Tpgjtq

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xtjtgx jmd kgjdgpx oe tboxg xtjtgx "tbg xar vjptagx!+

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"howmtgpvpokaegpjtaom!+ to `wakd geeghtaug pwkgx+ opij,

ma~jtaomx+ jmd gmeophglgmt lghbjmaxlx eop dgugkov,

ami jm geeghtaug Moptbgjxt Jxajm xghwpatq pgialg-

Amxtatwtaomjkaxl jx j Hoovgpjtaug Xtpjtgiq

Jx daxhwxxgd am tbg vpguaowx xghtaom+ am tbg Moptb

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tbg Hkamtom jdlamaxtpjtaom gmijigd am j tpjdataomjk+ dav,

koljtah jvvpojhb+ xtpgxxami vpamhavkgx jmd tghbmazwgx

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pgkjtaomx tbgopagx oe hogphaug davkoljhq- Tbg Moptb

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pgtjpq oe Dgegmxg Yakkajl Vgppq+ Xghpgtjpq oe Xtjtg

Yjppgm Hbpaxtovbgp+ jmd otbgp baib,kgugk grghwtaug

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W-X-, Moptb Copgjm mgiotajtaomx- Otbgp W-X- oeeahajkx

jmd jkkagd iougpmlgmtx ygpg homxwktgd+ amhkwdami tbg

W-X- Homipgxx jmd tbg iougpmlgmtx oe tbg Pgvw`kah

oe Copgj "POC+ op Xowtb Copgj! jmd Njvjm- Tbg alvkg,

lgmtjtaom oe tbg Jipggd Epjlgyopc amhkwdgd tbg xai,

maeahjmt amuokuglgmt oe tbg Wmatgd Mjtaomx "WM! yatb

tbg amuokuglgmt oe Amtgpmjtaomjk Jtolah Gmgpiq

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hajkkq atx amtgkkaigmhg jigmhagx+ tbpowib tbgap jhtaug

lomatopami-

7- Eop dgtjakx oe j holvgtataug xtpjtgiagx jvvpojhb+ xgg Djuad N- Jmdpg+ JHolvgtataug Xtpjtgiagx> Jm Jvvpojhb jijamxt Vpokaegpj,taom+ amVpgujakami am j Ygkk Jplgd Yopkd> Dguaxami Holvgtataug Xtpjtgiagx Jijamxt Ygjvomx Vpokaegpjtaom+ gd- Bgmpq D- Xocokxca

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5- Eop tbg jwtbopx daxhwxxaom oe holvgtataug xtpjtgiq+ tbjt ax+ wxami tbg hogphaug davkoljhq katgpjtwpg to jmjkq~g tbg JipggdEpjlgyopc hjxg+ xgg Noxgvb P- Hgpjla jmd @gmnjlam H- @pqjm+ Grghwtaug Kgjdgpxbav jmd tbg Howmtgpvpokaegpjtaom Vokahq Amataj,taugTbg W-X-,Moptb Copgj Jipggd Epjlgyopc "vjvgp vpgxgmtgd jt tbg 0664 Amtgpmjtaomjk Xtwdagx Jxxohajtaom homegpgmhg+ Lomtpgjk!3

jm wvdjtgd ugpxaom oe tbg vjvgp ax @wxb Xhbook Yopcami Vjvgp mo- 4:6+ bttv>//`wxb-tjlw-gdw/homtgmt/pgxgjphb/yopcami_vjvgpx/nhgpjla/Hgpjla@pqjm-vde-

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2- Hbpaxtovbgp N- Bgllgp jmd Vgtgp Cjt~gmxtgam+ am Ybq Ax Tbgpg Mo MJTO am Jxaj? Hokkghtaug Adgmtatq+ Pgiaomjkaxl+ jmd tbg

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jmd àkjtgpjk jvvpojhbgx eop tbg Wmatgd Xtjtgx am Jxaj-


5/22 TBG MOPTB COPGJM MWHKGJP AXXWG 5:

J xghomd hjxg xtwdq grjlamami jktgpmjtaug jvvpojhbgx

ax xaimaeahjmt eop ijamami amxaibtx amto tbg homdataomx

eop dgugkovami geeghtaug mjtaomjk xghwpatq

howmtgpvpokaegpjtaom vokahagx- Jx jpiwgd vpguaowxkq+ jx

xboym `q tbg baxtopq oe tbg vjxt dghjdg+ tbg Jipggd

Epjlgyopc hjxg xwiigxtx j ejakgd howmtgpvpokaegpjtaom

geeopt- Iaugm tbg kjhc oe amxtatwtaomjk jmd opijma~j,taomjk pootx+ tbg Jipggd Epjlgyopc ejakgd to jhbagug

kjxtami geeghtx am jhhopdjmhg yatb tbg W-X- o`nghtaug

oe gmdami tbg Moptbx mwhkgjp ygjvomx vpoipjl- Am

holvjpaxom+ tbgm+ ybq ax tbg Mwmm,Kwijp vokahq owt,

holg igmgpjkkq jipggd to `g lopg xwhhgxxewk tbjm

tbg Jipggd Epjlgyopc grvgpagmhg?

J lopg xwhhgxxewk hjxgomg kgd lopg dapghtkq `q

tbg xghpgtjpq oe dgegmxg jkomi yatb Dgvjptlgmt oe

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~jtaomjk xtjcgbokdgpx+ amhkwdami jm gmijigd Homipgxx

jmd pgiaomjk vkjqgpxxwiigxtx jddataomjk amxaibtx amtotbg holvomgmtx oe geeghtaug howmtgpvpokaegpjtaom

vokahqljcami- Ybjt amxaibtx dogx tbg Mwmm,Kwijp

hjxg vpouadg am tgplx oe jm amxtjmhg ybgpg grghwtaug

jmd `wpgjwhpjtah kgjdgpxbav homtpa`wtgd to xwhhgxx,

ewk jmd kjxtami vokahq ammoujtaom? Ybjt ygpg tbg pokgx

oe tbg dgegmxg xghpgtjpq jmd tbg DOD `wpgjwhpjhq

jx ygkk jx tbg pokgx oe tbg cgq xgmjtopx? Tbgxg grghw,

taug jmd kgiaxkjtaug `pjmhb kgjdgpxbav geeoptx ygpg

dgxaimgd to jddpgxx tbg hpatahjk vpokaegpjtaom tbpgjtx

oe kooxg mwcgx epol tbg eoplgp Xouagt pgvw`kahx am

tbg jetgpljtb oe tbg Hokd Yjp-

To ijam tbgopgtahjk amxaibtx to iwadg tbax hjxg xtwdq+

tbax vjvgp amtpodwhgx homhgvtx dpjym epol tbg katgpj,

twpg om amtgpmjtaomjk amxtatwtaomx- Eapxt+ tbg W-X- owt,

kooc om amtgpmjtaomjk xghwpatq amxtatwtaomx am tbg vjxt

hgmtwpq yakk g dgxhpa`gd pagekq- Mgrt+ tbg ljnop adgjx

jmd uagyx am amxtatwtaomjk tbgopq yakk g owtkamgd- Tbgm+

tbg cmoym homdataomx eop xwhhgxx op ejakwpg am amxta,

twtaom wakdami yakk g daxhwxxgd- Kjxt+ tbgxg adgjx jmd

homdataomx yakk iwadg jm grjlamjtaom oe W-X- vokahq jx

dgugkovgd `q tbg xghpgtjpq oe dgegmxg jmd otbgpx am,

uokugd am tbg HTP vpoipjlx to vpgugmt tbg vpokaegpj,

taom oe ygjvomx oe ljxx dgxtpwhtaom "YLD! am tbgeoplgp Xouagt pgvw`kahx-

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xokwtaom oe tbg Xouagt Wmaom dwpami tbg Igopig B- Y-

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egjt oe Xjddjl Bwxxgamx Apjza eophgx am tbg IwkeYjp-:6 Vpgxadgmt Hkamtom homtamwgd tbax yjug oe gm,

ijiglgmt+ vpolotami j vokahq oe jxxgptaug

lwktakjtgpjkaxl+ gxvghajkkq vpomowmhgd am tbg hojkataom

davkoljhq jmd daeeahwktagx yatb WM jmd MJTO

vokahqljcgpx pgijpdami tbg glvkoqlgmt oe vgjhg,

cggvami jplgd eophgx am tbg @jkcjmx-::

Tbg hqhkg xboygd xaimx oe jijam pgugpxami jyjq epol

amtgpmjtaomjk amxtatwtaomx jx tbg xghomd,tgpl Hkamtom

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daeeahwktagx am amtgpmjtaomjk vgjhgcggvami geeoptx amBjata+ Xoljkaj+ jmd tbg @jkcjmx- Dwpami tbg 0666 vpgxa,

dgmtajk gkghtaom+ W-X- gmijiglgmt jmd amtgpugmtaom

j`pojd tbpowib amtgpmjtaomjk amxtatwtaomx hjlg wmdgp

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tjmhg- Am Acgm`gppqx hbjpjhtgpa~jtaom oe mgopgjkaxl+

boygugp+ `jkjmhg oe voygp ljttgpx jx lwhb jx xgke,

amtgpgxt jx j lodgpjtop oe xtjtg voygp- Am j mgopgjkaxt

jdlamaxtpjtaom+ eop amxtjmhg+ amxtatwtaomx ljq xgpug tbg

xtjtgx amtgpgxtx to tbg grtgmt tbjt tbg jppjmiglgmtxpgekght kgjpmgd jmd eopljk pwkgx oe gzwaka`pawl jmd

`jkjmhg tbjt pgameophg xtjàkatq jmd opdgp jmd+ tbgpg,

eopg+ tbg voxataom oe dolamjmt mjtaom,xtjtgx op ipgjt

voygpx-

Ka`gpjkaxl xtpgxxgx j bjplomq oe amtgpgxtx jlomi

mjtaomx am jm amtgpmjtaomjk hollwmatq- Eop ka`gpjkx+

amxtatwtaom `wakdami ax j mjtwpjk xaim oe vpoipgxx- Eop

mgoka`gpjkx+ tbgpg jpg lopg xvghaeah homxadgpjtaomx tbjm

motaomx oe hollwmatq eop atx oym xjcg- Tbg

mgoka`gpjkx kooc eop jipgglgmtx jmd homtpjhtx to wm,

dgpvam amtgpmjtaomjk pgkjtaomx- Jipgglgmtx amhkwdg eop,ljk yjqx to pgdwhg wmhgptjamtq+ koygp tpjmxjhtaom

hoxtx+ jmd xokug vpo`kglx oe hokkghtaug jhtaom- Am tbax

pgijpd+ tbg mgoka`gpjk+ tbg ewmhtaomjkaxt+ jx ygkk jx tbg

pgjkaxt jvvpojhbgx jkaim am tgplx oe j bjplomq oe am,

tgpgxtx am xokuami vpo`kglx tbpowib hokkghtaug jhtaom

tbjt wktaljtgkq xgpugx tbg xtjtgx vwpvoxgx op xgke am,

tgpgxtx- Tbwx+ Cgobjmg jpiwgx eophgewkkq tbjt amtgp,

mjtaomjk amxtatwtaomx vgpeopl xtjtg tjxcx uatjk eop gm,

j`kami hoovgpjtaom-8: Am ejht+ Cgobjmg daxdjamx ka`gpjk

op mgoka`gpjk kj`gkx eop bax tbgopa~ami jmd amxtgjd hom,

xadgpx balxgke j xtjwmhb amxtatwtaomjkaxt-

Homxtpwhtauaxl ax jmotbgp jvvpojhb yatb lopg gl,

vbjxax om hpgjtami jmd dgugkovami xbjpgd ujkwgx am

yopkd vokatahx- Cjt~gmxtgam jmd Acgm`gppq hbjpjhtgp,

a~g amxtatwtaomx jx j vpodwht oe daeewxg jmd xohajkkq

homxtpwhtgd yopkduagyx- Jijam tbgpg ax xolg ougpkjv

yatb pgjkaxtx am tbg xgmxg oe geeghtaug amxtatwtaomx vpo,

uadami baib pgtwpmx to voygp+ op+ jx Cjt~gmxtgamhbjpjhtgpa~gx at+ homtjamami j xtahcamgxx tbjt ljcgx

tbgl bjpd to pgvkjhg `ghjwxg tbgq ewptbgp òtb xtjtg

ujkwgx jmd amtgpgxtx-

Lwktakjtgpjkaxt Pwiiag jmd mgoamxtatwtaomjkaxt ^gijpt

vpouadg ewptbgp amxaibtx pgijpdami tbg alvoptjmhg oe

amatajk op eowmdami homdataomx jx loxt xaimaeahjmt eop

dgtgplamami amxtatwtaomjk geeghtaugmgxx- Tbgxg amatajk

homdataomx mopljkkq pgekght tbg dolgxtah gmuapomlgmt

oe tbg kgjdami xtjtg+ op bgiglom- Grjlvkgx yowkd

amhkwdg tbg alvoptjmhg oe tbg Wmatgd Xtjtgx am tbg

eowmdami oe tbg WM jetgp Yopkd Yjp AA- Otbgp mgoka`gpjktbowibtx kamcgd to ewmhtaomjk jvvpojhbgx amhkwdg tbg

adgj oe `wmdkami axxwgx jmd tbg mwl`gp oe vjptmgpx

amuokugd- Pwiiag jmd otbgp jwtbopx+ gxvghajkkq am tbg

ewmhtaomjkaxt xhbook+ jpiwg tbjt amhkwdami egygp vjpt,

mgpx+ hboxgm `ghjwxg tbgq xbjpg ujkwgx "jx am tbg GW!

jmd eohwxgd axxwgx tbjt xgpug hollom amtgpgxtx "jx

am bjktami tbg pgiaomjk xvpgjd oe mwhkgjp ygjvomx!+ ax

lopg kacgkq to xwhhggd-

Am tgplx pgkjtaug to tbg amtgpmjtaomjk xghwpatq xtwdagx

katgpjtwpg daxhwxxgd jòug jmd tbg Jipggd Epjlgyopc

grvgpagmhg+ Mwmm,Kwijp pgvpgxgmtx j mjppjtaug oe kgjd,gpxbav+ vpaljpakq jx kgjdgpxbav epol tbg tov jmd laddkg-

At amhkwdgx j kjpig mwl`gp oe vkjqgpx amuokugd am tbg

vpoipjlx eowmdami jmd guokwtaom tbpowibowt tbg

:116x- Tbg vpohgxx oe tpjhami Mwmm,Kwijpx dgugk,

ovlgmt yakk vpouadg amxaibtx amto Iottglogkkgpx o`,

xgpujtaom tbjt Sx\tj`kg hoovgpjtaom+ tbgpgeopg+ ax kacgkq

to pgzwapg òtb jttgmtaom epol om baib jmd `wpgjw,

hpjtah hollatlgmt jt j koygp kgugk-80 Omg cgq da,

lgmxaom eop grjlamami tbg homdataomx eop jhbaguami

xtj`kg hoovgpjtaom amhkwdgx tbg motaom oe vokahq pgk,

gujmhg-

8:- Cgobjmg+Voygp jmd Iougpmjmhg am j Vjptajkkq Iko`jka~gd Yopkd+ 8-

80- Poxg Iottglogkkgp+ Hoovgpjtaug Amdwhglgmtx> Hpjetami Mgy Tookx eop Momvpokaegpjtaom+ am Wktaljtg Xghwpatq> Hol`jtami

Ygjvomx oe Ljxx Dgxtpwhtaom+ gd- Njmmg Mokjm+ @gpmjpd A- Eamgk+ jmd @pajm D- Eamkjq "Mgy Qopc> Hgmtwpq Eowmdjtaom Vpgxx+ 0668!+

:47-



Vokahq jmd Amxtpwlgmtjk Pgkgujmhg

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am tbg katgpjtwpg om amtgpmjtaomjk amxtatwtaomx-88 Tbgxg

amhkwdg vokahq pgkgujmhg jmd amxtpwlgmtjk pgkgujmhg-

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tgiah jxvghtx oe vokahq dgxaim am amtgpmjtaomjk pgkj,taomx- Amxtpwlgmtjk pgkgujmhg pgegpx to lahpovokatahjk

op tjhtahjk vgpxvghtaugx- Tbg mgoka`gpjkaxt jmd

homxtpwhtauaxt tbgopaxtx motg tbjt jhtopx vpgegpgmhgx

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tgpgxtxtbjt ax+ tbjt tbg amxtatwtaom amhkwdgx jhhgvtgd

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tbjt tbgpg ax jm amugxtlgmt am jmq hbjmigx am vpgegp,

gmhgx- Amtgpmjtaomjk amxtatwtaomx hjm hbjmig pgkjtaomxtbowib pgialgx+ dgeamgd jx moplx jmd pwkgx tbjt pgiw,

kjtg `gbjuaop am xvghaeah axxwg jpgjx amuokuami amtgpmj,

taomjk jhtauatagx-84 Jx Pwiiag xwiigxtx+ tbg amxtatwtaom

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bgiglomx xwvvopt- Bgiglom am tbax homtgrt jmd am

tbax hjxg pgegpx to tbg Wmatgd Xtjtgx jx tbg loxt voy,

gpewk mjtaom,xtjtg am tbg voxtHokd Yjp vgpaod+ jx dg,

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Tbg xghomd jxvght oe vokahq pgkgujmhg jddpgxxgx tbg

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vght ax tbg vgphgvtaom oe tbg amxtatwtaom jx j hjppagp oe

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tbjt glvoygp ybjt jpg vgphgaugd jx kgiataljtg hkjalx-

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moplx+ adgmtatq+ jmd cmoykgdig guokug tbpowib amtgp,

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ami- Eowptb jpg tbg grvghtjtaomx pgijpdami tbg hoxtx

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taug jipgglgmtx>

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88- Kgviokd jmd Mamhah+@gqomd tbg Auopq Toygp-

84- A`ad-+ :81-

87- Bjmx N- Lopigmtbjw+Vokatahx Jlomi Mjtaomx> Tbg Xtpwiikg eop Voygp jmd Vgjhg "Mgy Qopc> LhIpjy,Bakk+ :118!3 Domjkd G-Mwghbtgpkgam+Jlgpahj Ougphollattgd> Wmatgd Xtjtgx Mjtaomjk Amtgpgxtx am tbg :126x "Kgramitom> Wmaugpxatq oe Cgmtwhcq Vpgxx+

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85- Adgjx am tbax vjpjipjvb jpg dpjym epol Kgviokd jmd Mamhah+@gqomd tbg Auopq Toygp-



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Pgkjtami Amxtatwtaomjkaxt Tbgopq jmd Vpjhtahg

am tbg Mwmm,Kwijp Hjxg

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jpx gmijigd am vpokaegpjtaom vokahqljcami ygpg jlomi

tbg eapxt to xga~g tbg ovvoptwmatq eop eoplami mgy pg,

kjtaomxbavx jlomi tbg Wmatgd Xtjtgx+ Pwxxaj+ jmd tbg

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yjx xaimaeahjmt eop tbg grghwtaug `pjmhb jmd gxvg,

hajkkq tbg vpolotaom oe mgy amatajtaugx `q tbg Xtjtg

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tbg eokkoyami Hkamtom jdlamaxtpjtaom+ am pgekghtami om

bax grvgpagmhgx jx xghpgtjpq oe dgegmxg+ Vgppq motgx

tbg xaimaeahjmhg oe tbg voxtHokd Yjp vgpaod eop gx,

tj`kaxbami jm geeghtaug W-X- vjptmgpxbav yatb Pwxxaj

am tbg xghwpatq xvbgpg- Hjptgp jmd Vgppq voamt to tbg

gjpkq voxtHokd Yjp daxhwxxaomx wpiami Pwxxajx

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mgy+ xgke,pgxvghtami vkjhg am tbg yopkd opdgp-82

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jmd Pwxxajm mjtaomjk amtgpgxtx- DOD gmijigd am pg,

vgjtgd pgdgxaimx oe Mwmm,Kwijp vpoipjlx am tbg ama,

tajk xtjigx to jdjvt atx graxtami vjttgpmx oe hoovgpj,

taom to tbg pgjkatagx oe Pwxxaj jt tbax xtjig oe atx hom,

tamwowx pguokwtaom- Tbg vjttgpm amhkwdgd tbg

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Y- Y- Moptom % Holvjmq+ 0668!-

4:- Hjptgp jmd Vgppq+Vpgugmtaug Dgegmxg+ 28-



xajm dglohpjhq+ yatb atx mgy+ jhtaug+ jmd epjilgmtgd

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jòwt tbg xtjtwx oe tbg homtamwatq oe tbg Marom,gpj

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howmtgpvpokaegpjtaom vokahq geeoptx yatb tbg Pwxxajmx

homtamwgd jkomi tbg vjtb xtjptgd `q Mwmm,Kwijp to

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daxhwxx gjpkq jdlamaxtpjtaom jvvpojhbgx jmd tbgap gr,

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Laxxakg Tghbmokoiq Homtpok Pgialg- Tbg pgvopt jkxo

baibkaibtx tbg xaimaeahjmhg oe adgmtaeqami jmd homtpok,

kami mwhkgjp eaxxakg ljtgpajkx tbjt hjm `g wxgd eop M@H

ygjvomx jmd dgkaugpq xqxtglx-

Tbg Dgegmxg Dgvjptlgmt jkxo pgegpx to tbg

jdlamaxtpjtaomx mwhkgjp voxtwpg xtjtglgmtx jmd pg,

40- Eop grjlvkg+ dwpami tbg xghomd Hkamtom jdlamaxtpjtaom+ Xghpgtjpq oe Dgegmxg Yakkajl X- Hobgm voamtgd to tbg homtamwjtaom oe jplx

homtpok vpoipjlx+ xwhb jx tbg :112 Hkamtom,Qgktxam Loxhoy xwllat+ jmd tbg dgugkovlgmt oe j noamt W-X-,Pwxxajm Loxhoy hgmtgp eopameopljtaom xbjpami om jkkaxtah laxxakgx jmd xvjhg kjwmhb ugbahkgx- Tbg hgmtgp amhkwdgd tbg jmmowmhglgmt oe gjpkq kjwmhb dgtghtaom+gjpkq yjpmami xqxtglx+ jmd tghbmahjk vpoipjlx om o`xgpujtaom xjtgkkatgx- Tbgxg grtgmxaug vpoipjl dgugkovlgmtx pgekght tbg amhpgjxami

`gmgeatx oe hoovgpjtaug jmd holvkglgmtjpq xghwpatq vpgegpgmhgx- Xgg Yakkajl X- Hobgm+ Jmmwjk Pgvopt to tbg Vpgxadgmt jmd tbg

Homipgxx "Yjxbamitom+ D-H-> W-X- Dgvjptlgmt oe Dgegmxg+ 0666!+ 295+ yyy-dgegmxgkamc-lak/grghxgh/jdp0666/jdp0666-vde-

48- Hjptgp jmd Vgppq+Vpgugmtaug Dgegmxg+ 51-

44- Aàd-+ 59-

47- Xghpgtjpq oe Dgegmxg Hobgm motgd xalakjp amtgmtaomx eop `pamiami Hbamj amto tbg amtgpmjtaomjk hollwmatq `q xggcami Hbamgxg

jdbgpgmhg to amtgpmjtaomjk xtjmdjpdx om ygjvomx vpokaegpjtaom jmd om amtgpmjtaomjk tpjdg jmd bwljm paibtx amatajtaugx jmd q amhpgjxami

Hbamjx tpjmxvjpgmhq jx ygkk jx amxtatwtami homeadgmhg,`wakdami lgjxwpgx xwhb jx lakatjpq,to,lakatjpq grhbjmigx3 xgg Hobgm+JmmwjkPgvopt to tbg Vpgxadgmt jmd tbg Homipgxx+ ::-

45- Pwiiag+Lwktakjtgpjkaxl Ljttgpx-

49- Grjlvkgx gkoy epol tbg 0666Jmmwjk Pgvopt to tbg Vpgxadgmt jmd tbg Homipgxx jpg akkwxtpjtaug oe tbg jdlamaxtpjtaomx homxaxtgmt

vokahagx epol :115 tbowib 0666-

42- Hobgm+Jmmwjk Pgvopt to tbg Vpgxadgmt jmd tbg Homipgxx+ 47-



voptx- Tbg 0666 jmmwjk pgvopt glvbjxa~gx tbg alvop,

tjmhg oe W-X- mwhkgjp ygjvomx to dgtgp jiipgxxaom

tbpowib j yadg pjmig oe pgxvomxgx+ jkomi yatb tbg

jàkatq to bgdig jijamxt ewtwpg tbpgjtx- Xghpgtjpq Hobgm

jkxo pgameophgd tbg W-X- hollatlgmt to tbg xtpjtgiah

jplx homtpok pgialg jmd tbg jdlamaxtpjtaomx amtgmt to

homdwht ewptbgp jplx homtpok tjkcx yatb Pwxxaj `q`giammami j powmd oe XTJPT AAA mgiotajtaomx- Eop

grjlvkg+ tbg XTJPT AAA amatajtaug yjx jmmowmhgd je,

tgp tbg Hkamtom,Qgktxam xwllat am :119 am Bgkxamca-41

Xghpgtjpq Hobgm homtamwgd to jddpgxx W-X- xwvvopt

eop j lwktakjtgpjk+ pgiaomjk opdgp am Gwpovg- Bg xtpgxxgd

W-X- dgegmxg o`nghtaugx am Gwpovg jmd tbg xaimaeahjmhg

oe hoovgpjtaug pgkjtaomx yatb Pwxxaj+ Wcpjamg+ Hgmtpjk

jmd Gjxtgpm Gwpovg+ jmd MJTO- Tbg 0666 jmmwjk pg,

vopt voamtgd owt tbjt tbg Wmatgd Xtjtgx+ Pwxxaj+ jmd

Gwpovg xbowkd jkxo yopc toigtbgp yatb jkk tbg mgy

amdgvgmdgmt xtjtgx to howmtgp tbg vpokaegpjtaom oeYLD jmd laxxakg dgkaugpq xqxtglx-76

Hobgm xamikgd owt Jxajm pgiaomjk pgkjtaomx jx ygkk- Bg

hatgd tbg alvoptjmhg oe tpjdataomjk dgegmxg pgkjtaom,

xbavx yatb Njvjm+ Jwxtpjkaj+ jmd tbg POC jx ygkk jx

gmijiglgmt yatb Hbamj- Jijam tbg xaimaeahjmhg oe tbg

Jipggd Epjlgyopc ax tpwlvgtgd- Tbg xghpgtjpq vkjhgd

xvghajk glvbjxax om tbg W-X-,Njvjm xghwpatq pgkjtaom,

xbav+ ybahb bg hjkkgd tbg kamhbvam oe W-X- xghwpatq

am Jxaj-7: Hobgmx eamjk DOD jmmwjk pgvopt eohwxgd

om ljamtjamami tpjdataomjk pgkjtaomxbavx `wt dad mot

glvbjxa~g vkjmx op vpoipjlx eop pgeoplami op tpjmx,eoplami Gwpovgjm jmd Jxajm xghwpatq jkkajmhgx-70

Moplx+ Adgmtatq+ jmd Cmoykgdig

Tbg alvoptjmhg oe tbg mggd eop `wakdami tbg moplx+

adgmtatagx+ jmd cmoykgdig eop dgugkovami amxtatwtaom,

jkkq pgkgujmt vokahq ax mot baibkaibtgd am DOD dohw,

lgmtx- Tbgpg jpg mo pgegpgmhgx am tbg 0666 jmmwjk

pgvopt to j `pojdgp pokg eop tbg DOD op tbg Wmatgd

Xtjtgx am amxtatwtaom `wakdami eop vpolotami kgijk moplx+

kgiataljtg hkjalx+ jmd vpgegpgmhgx eop voxataug amtgp,

jhtaomx jmd hbjmig- Tbg pgvopt dogx lgmtaom gjpkq

Mwmm,Kwijp `jppagpx am tgplx oe ougpholami 76 qgjpx

oe Hokd Yjp laxtpwxt yatb tbg Pwxxajmx- Am tbg Hjptgpjmd Vgppq jhhowmt+ xolg lgmtaom ax jkxo ljdg oe

Hkamtom jmd Iopg amtgpugmtaomx to dgugkov tpwxt yatb

tbg mgy iougpmlgmtx oe Pwxxaj+ Wcpjamg+ Cj~jcbxtjm+

jmd @gkjpwx-78 @wt tbg oeeahajk DOD dohwlgmtx jpg

kjpigkq xakgmt om `wakdami amxtatwtaomjk moplx+ adgmtatq+

jmd cmoykgdig-

Hoxtx jmd Homxgzwgmhgx

Tbg cgq hoxtx jmd homxgzwgmhgx oe amtgpmjtaomjk am,

xtatwtaomx jpg jkxo mot lgmtaomgd am dgtjak am DOD jm,

mwjk pgvoptx- Hjptgp jmd Vgppq do motg xolg oe tbghomxgzwgmhgx oe Mwmm,Kwijp am tgplx oe `wdigtjpq

jmd vgpeopljmhg pgxwktx- Eop amxtjmhg+ tbgq baibkaibt

$0-4 àkkaom am ewmdami jx oe lad,:112- Tbgq io om to

voamt to tbg xwhhgxx oe 46 gmiamggpami vponghtx am

Pwxxaj to `wakd xjegiwjpdx eop graxtami xtohcvakgx+ dax,

ljmtkg ygjvomx jmd laxxakgx+ jmd homugpt dgegmxg

amdwxtpq to hauakajm vwpvoxgx- Hjptgp jmd Vgppq jkxo

ypatg oe tbg xwhhgxx oe dgxtpoqami 4+266 mwhkgjp

ygjvomx+ pglouami mwhkgjp ygjvomx epol jkk mom,

Pwxxajm eoplgp Xouagt pgvw`kahx+ jmd gkalamjtami vpo,

kaegpjtaom tbpgjtx am @gkjpwx+ Cj~jcbxtjm+ jmd Wcpjamg-

Vgppq jmd Hjptgp xtpgxx tbjt tbgq mgugp grvghtgd tbaxjxtowmdami dgipgg oe xwhhgxx jmd hpgdat Mwmm,Kwijp

amatajtaugx eop mo gjpkq voxtHokd Yjp kooxg,mwcgx

vpo`kglx-74 Am jddataom+ Hjptgp jmd Vgppq jttpa`wtg vjpt

oe tbgxg ipgjt xwhhgxxgx to tbg grtpjopdamjpq hoov,

gpjtaom amxadg tbg Yjxbamitom vokahqljcami hollw,

matq- Mgugptbgkgxx+ tbg Mwmm,Kwijp vpoipjlljtah xwh,

hgxxgx jpg mot tagd to tbg kjpigp axxwgx pgijpdami `wakd,

41- Aàd-+ 75-

76- Aàd-+ 1:6-

7:- Aàd-+ :6::-

70- Tbax kjhc oe glvbjxax ax hwpaowx holvjpgd yatb tbg dpwl`gjt yatbam tbg DOD to tpjmxeopl tbg W-X- jplgd eophgx tbpowibowt tbgvoxt,Hokd Yjp gpj+ epol tbg Hkamtom jdlamaxtpjtaom to tbg vpgxgmt Igopig Y- @wxb jdlamaxtpjtaom-


74- Aàd-+ 9599-



ami j hollwmatq oe xbjpgd moplx+ ujkwgx+ jmd adgmta,

tagx am tgplx oe amtgpmjtaomjk amxtatwtaomx+ jplx homtpok

jmd xghwpatq pgialgx+ op lwktakjtgpjk opijma~jtaomx-

Amxtatwtaomx jmd Vokahqljcami

Tbg eaetb dalgmxaom oe vokahq pgkgujmhg pgkjtgx amtgp,mjtaomjk amxtatwtaomx jmd tbg pokg oe tbg vokahqljcami

hollwmatq- Tbg mjtaomjk xghwpatq vokahqljcami hol,

lwmatq hjm `g jm ovgm,gmdgd mgtyopc- Tbg hollw,

matq am tbax hjxg amhkwdgx xvghaeah W-X- iougpmlgmt

kgiaxkjtopx+ dgvjptlgmtx+ jmd jigmhagx jx ygkk jx wma,

ugpxatagx jmd pgxgjphb amxtatwtgx jx vkjqgpx op xtjcg,

bokdgpx am howmtgpvpokaegpjtaom vokahqljcami- Tbax

vokahqljcami hollwmatq ax mot kalatgd xokgkq to tbg

W-X- Dgegmxg Dgvjptlgmt jmd xvghajk jigmhagx am,

uokugd am Mwmm,Kwijp alvkglgmtjtaom- Jx daxhwxxgd

mgrt+ omg grjlvkg oe geeghtaug vokahq alvkglgmtjtaom

yatbam tbg yadgp vokahqljcami hollwmatq yjx tbgDODx tov xghpgt Ovgpjtaom Xjvvbapg+ homdwhtgd am

:114-

Xjvvbapg yjx tbg eapxt xvghajk ovgpjtaom alvkglgmtgd

jx vjpt oe Mwmm,Kwijp- Hjptgp jmd Vgppq xtpomikq gl,

vbjxa~g tbg xwhhgxx oe Ovgpjtaom Xjvvbapg am tbg eapxt

Hkamtom tgpl-77 Tbg ovgpjtaom pgxwktgd am tbg pgloujk

epol Cj~jcbxtjm oe 566 cakoipjlx oe baibkq gmpahbgd

wpjmawl+ op tbg gzwaujkgmt oe gmowib eaxxakg ljtgpajk

eop 56 Bapoxbalj,Mjijxjca mwhkgjp òl`x- Tbg W-X-

iougpmlgmt vokahq hollwmatqYjxbamitom amtgp,

jigmhq vkjqgpxamhkwdgd tbg Dgvjptlgmtx oe Dg,egmxg+ Gmgpiq+ jmd Xtjtg+ jkomi yatb tbg HAJ jmd W-X-

Jap Eophg- Hjptgp jmd Vgppq pgvopt tbg xwhhgxxewk am,

tgpmjk jmd grtgpmjk hoopdamjtaom yatb tbg iougpmlgmtx

oe Pwxxaj jmd Cj~jcbxtjmjkk ljdg voxxa`kg wmdgp

tbg wl`pgkkj oe tbg :110 Mwmm,Kwijp kgiaxkjtaom jmd

alvkglgmtami vpoipjlx-

Hjptgp jmd Vgppq tpjhg tbg igmgxax oe tbg Mwmm,Kwijp

jvvpojhb to tbg xgmjtopx homhgpmx dwpami tbg :126x

Hokd Yjp qgjpx jòwt mwhkgjp jhhadgmtx-75 Xgmjtopx

Mwmm jmd Kwijp ygpg jt tbg eopgepomt oe W-X- hom,

ipgxxaomjk jhtauatagx pgijpdami gxtj`kaxbami mwhkgjp paxc

pgdwhtaom hgmtgpx- Tbgap amatajtaugx amhkwdgd jigmhagx

jmd opijma~jtaomx owtxadg oe iougpmlgmt- Gjpkq ge,

eoptx `q Xgmjtop Mwmm jmd Xgmjtop Kwijp jmd tbgap

xtjeex amuokugd yopc yatb tbamc tjmcx jmd wmaugpxa,

tagx- Hjptgpx kjtg :126x Bjpujpd vpokaegpjtaom xtwdagxom tbg Xouagt mwhkgjp jpxgmjk kgd to j xgpagx oe lggt,

amix boxtgd `q Bjpujpdx @gkegp Hgmtgp jkomi yatb

Vgppqx jeeakajtaom yatb Xtjmeopd Wmaugpxatq-79 Yopc,

xbovx amhkwdgd grvgptx epol Mgy Qopcx Hjpmgiag

Hopvopjtaom jmd Yjxbamitomx @poocamix Amxtatwtaom-

Tbax kooxgkq howvkgd momvpokaegpjtaom hollwmatq xgt

tbg xtjig eop pjaxami homhgpmx jòwt mwhkgjp jmd eax,

xakg ljtgpajk xjegiwjpdx eokkoyami tbg hokkjvxg oe tbg

Xouagt Wmaom- Tbg jxtomaxbamikq pjvad vpoipgxx oe

Mwmm,Kwijp kgiaxkjtaom+ ybahb vjxxgd yatbam mamg djqx

oe atx eapxt dpjet+ amhkwdgd Xgmjtg vjxxjig om 02 Mo,

ugl`gp :11: `q jm 25,5 uotg- Tbg Bowxg oe Pgvpg,xgmtjtaugx ugpxaom oe tbg àkk+ xwvvoptgd `q Hbjapljm

Kgx Jxvam oe tbg Bowxg Jplgd Xgpuahgx Hollattgg

ybo yjx kjtgp Vpgxadgmt Hkamtomx eapxt xghpgtjpq oe

dgegmxg+ vjxxgd om j uoahg uotg-

Tbgxg vpgkalamjpq geeoptx am `wakdami vpokaegpjtaom

cmoykgdig jmd kgiaxkjtaom ygpg grtgmdgd tbpowib tbg

:118 xbaet oe Hjptgp jmd Vgppq epol jhjdglaj to iou,

gpmlgmt xgpuahg- Hjptgp motgx tbjt to xvgjpbgjd Mwmm,

Kwijp alvkglgmtjtaom am opdgp to jxxaxt Pwxxaj am xjeg,

iwjpdami mwhkgjp xtohcvakgx pgzwapgd j ybokg mgy

opijma~jtaom-72

Bg voamtx jkxo to xtjptami `q hpjetamij xgt oe o`nghtaugx jmd adgmtaeqami oeeahajkx am vjptmgp

howmtpagx to hoopdamjtg geeoptx-

Amatajtami j mgy mjtaomjk xghwpatq vpoipjl pgzwapgd

eoplami j hoopdamjtami amtgpjigmhq ipowv jx ygkk jx

ougpholami `jppagpx to alvkglgmtjtaom- Hjptgp jmd

Vgppq io om to glvbjxa~g tbg xaimaeahjmt `jppagpx tbjt

hbjkkgmigd Mwmm,Kwijp alvkglgmtjtaom- Tbg motopa,

owxkq hwl`gpxolg Vgmtjiom jhzwaxataom xqxtgl bjd

to grtgmd to xvgmdami dokkjpx om ougpxgjx gmiamggpami

77- Aàd-+ 5752-

75- Aàd-+ 96-

79- Aàd-+ 99-

72- Aàd-+ 98-


15/22 TBG MOPTB COPGJM MWHKGJP AXXWG 9:

vponghtx+ ybahb am twpm pgzwapgd xolgtbami baxtopq

bjd mgugp `geopg vgplattgd+ tbjt ax+ pwmmami W-X-

vpoipjlx yatb jmd yatbam tbg Xouagt Wmaom-71

Tbg gjpkq Mwmm,Kwijp vgpaod jkxo lgt pgxaxtjmhg am

tbg W-X- Homipgxx- Homipgxxaomjk `jppagpx amuokugd

pgugpxami j lamd,xgt epol dgegmxg ugpxwx tbg Xouagttbpgjt to xvgmdami eop Pwxxajm lakatjpq bowxami jmd

dgegmxg amdwxtpq homugpxaom to hauakajm+ hollgphajk

vwpxwatx- Iaug tbg pjvad vjhg oe Mwmm,Kwijp kgiaxkj,

taom+ alvkglgmtjtaom lomgq bjd to `g pgvpoipjllgd

epol tbg :118 dgegmxg `wdigt+ ybahb pgzwapgd lwhb

`wpgjwhpjtah yopc am jdnwxtami jvvpovpajtaomx-56 Am

jddataom+ tbg okd jplx homtpok `wpgjwhpjhq+ hgmtgpgd

am DOD jmd tbg Xtjtg Dgvjptlgmt+ bjd to xbaet epol

Hokd Yjp jplx homtpok vgpxvghtaugx jmd vjttgpmx to

mgy jvvpojhbgx-

@jppagpx jkxo graxtgd yatbam tbg mgy jmd pgkjtaugkqwmxtj`kg Pwxxaj- Eop amxtjmhg+ Hjptgp jmd Vgppq motg

tbg vpo`kglx oe hoopdamjtaom yatb tbg eoplgp Xouagt

mwhkgjp pgxgjphb jmd dgugkovlgmt jigmhq+ Lamjtol+

gxvghajkkq am pgijpd to mgy tjxcx oe daxljmtkami mwhkgjp

ygjvomx jmd tbg komi,tgpl xjegiwjpdx jmd xtopjig

oe eaxxakg ljtgpajkx-5:

Tbg ypatami am kjtgp DOD dohwlgmtx pgugjkx j lod,

gpjtaom+ op dghkamg+ am tbg dgegmxg xghpgtjpqx amataj,

taugx eop grtgmdami tbg DOD pokg jmd wakdami om gjpkq

Mwmm,Kwijp xwhhgxxgx- Eop amxtjmhg+ `q tbg talg oe

tbg 0666 jmmwjk pgvopt+ Xghpgtjpq Hobgm eohwxgd omj mjppoygp pjmig oe axxwgx yatb pgxvght to

howmtgpvpokaegpjtaom vokahq- Bg hatgd tbg alvoptjmhg

oe tbg jplgd eophgx hjvjhatq to pgxvomd to jxql,

lgtpah tbpgjtx jmd yjx ljamkq homhgpmgd yatb eaibt,

ami om jm M@H `jttkgeagkd+ yatb j ujiwg xgmtgmhg om

amhpgjxami wmxvghaeagd dokkjp jlowmtx eop amxtatwtaomx

oe howmtgpvpokaegpjtaom-50

Howmtgpvpokaegpjtaom jx howmtgp,M@H ovgpjtaomx eop

`jttkgeagkd eophgx ax j xaimaeahjmt ovgpjtaomjk hjvjàk,

atq+ `wt jt tbg xtpjtgiah kgugk at ejkkx xbopt oe tbg Mwmm,

Kwijp o`nghtaugx oe gkalamjtami jmd xjegiwjpdami

mwhkgjp ygjvomx jmd xtohcvakgx- Tbg eohwx oe tbg

0666 dohwlgmt jmd dgegmxg vokahq ax ljamkq dapghtgd

toyjpd homtamwami tbg lodgpma~jtaom oe graxtami HokdYjp kgijhq ygjvomx xqxtglx+ op vkjteoplx+ xwhb jx

tjmcx+ bgkahovtgpx+ japhpjet hjppagpx+ xw`ljpamgx+ jmd

ngt japhpjet+ ybakg homdwhtami pgxgjphb jmd dgugkov,

lgmt eop hwttami,gdig tghbmokoiagx-58 Tbg jmmwjk pg,

vopt vpovoxgx tbg mggdx eop ygjvomx xqxtgl dgugk,

ovlgmt wxami Iwke Yjp xhgmjpaox- Tbg pgvopt jkxo

vpgxgmtx ameopljtaom om omioami lodgpma~jtaomx xwhb

jx tbg Pguokwtaom am Lakatjpq Jeejapx eop jhzwapami mgy

tghbmokoiagx jmd tbg Pguokwtaom am @wxamgxx Jeejapx

eop jdovtami tbg vpgxwlgd `gttgp `wxamgxx vpjhtahgx

oe tbg hopvopjtg xghtop- Hpatahx hbjpig tbjt tbgxg jpg

jhtwjkkq lamop jmd amxaimaeahjmt hbjmigx jmd j mop,ljk vjpt oe tbg Vgmtjiomx amtgpmjk eaibt eop dgegmxg

dokkjpx-54 Tbg guadgmhg epol oeeahajk dohwlgmtx pg,

ugjkx j doymyjpd tpgmd+ op jt kgjxt j kgugkami oee+ am

DODx glvbjxax om howmtgpvpokaegpjtaom vokahq jmd

vpoipjlx-

Eamdamix jmd Homhkwxaomx

Tbg dohwlgmtjpq guadgmhg xwiigxtx jm gjpkq vgjc am

Hkamtom,gpj howmtgpvpokaegpjtaom vokahqljcami- Tbg gx,

xgmtajk pokg oe cgq dgvjptlgmt kgjdgpx+ xwhb jx Xghpg,

tjpq oe Dgegmxg Vgppq jmd Jxxaxtjmt Xghpgtjpq oe Dg,egmxg Hjptgp+ am amekwgmhami tbg Yjxbamitom

vokahqljcami vpohgxx ax loxt xaimaeahjmt- Jddgd

ygaibt am tgplx oe vokatahjk amatajtaug jmd kgiaxkjtaom jx

ygkk jx `wdigtjpq xwvvopt yjx vpouadgd `q grvgpa,

gmhgd+ xgmaop kgiaxkjtopx- Am tgplx oe vokahq pgkgujmhg+

xgugpjk voamtx xtjmd owt am jddataom to tbg ougpjkk jx,

xgxxlgmt oe geeghtaug kgjdgpxbav epol xgugpjk kgugkx+

71- Aàd- 94-

56- Aàd- 94-

5:- Aàd- 26

50- Hobgm+Jmmwjk Pgvopt to tbg Vpgxadgmt jmd tbg Homipgxx+ :1-

58- Aàd-+ 2-

54- Igopig H- Yakxom+ Tbax Yjp Pgjkkq Ljttgpx> Amxadg tbg Eaibt eop Dgegmxg Dokkjpx "Yjxbamitom+ D-H-> HZ Vpgxx+ 0666!-



amhkwdami tbg dgegmxg xghpgtjpq+ Homipgxx+ tbamc tjmcx+

jmd alvkglgmtami `wpgjwhpjhagx+ jkomi yatb xalakjp

kgjdgpxbav kgugkx yatbam tbg eopgaim iougpmlgmtx am,

uokugd-

Mjtaomjk amtgpgxtx am tbg Mwmm,Kwijp hjxg ygpg

holvkglgmtjpq jmd ygpg grvpgxxgd hkgjpkq `q tbgiougpmlgmtjk kgjdgpx amuokugd am vokahqljcami- Tbg

ujkwgx oe homtpokkami jmd gkalamjtami mwhkgjp ygjv,

omx ygpg xggm jx holvjta`kg yatb komi,tgpl iojkx

tbjt+ am tbg Pwxxajm hjxg+ amhkwdgd pjdahjkkq tpjmxeopl,

ami atx dgegmxg voxtwpg jmd amtgpmjtaomjk davkoljhq-

Tbgpg ygpg xaimaeahjmt amugxtlgmtx oe talg jmd lomgq

to hbjmig vpgegpgmhgx eop jm amxtatwtaomjk jvvpojhb to

jktgpami pgkjtaomx q lgjmx oe j pgialg hbjmig am jplx

homtpok jmd am tbg ewmdjlgmtjk pokgx oe mwhkgjp ygjv,

omx am j mgy+ voxtHokd Yjp opdgp- Tbg pgljamami

xwvgpvoygp+ op am amxtatwtaomjk tgplx tbg Wmatgd Xtjtgx

jx bgiglom+ jxxwpgd atx xwvvopt eop tbax mgy opdgp-Jddataomjk pgxowphgx ygpg hollattgd to pgameophg tbg

gxxgmtajk vpamhavkgx oe tbg mgy opdgp to gkalamjtg

mwhkgjp ygjvomx epol mom,Pwxxajm eoplgp Xouagt

pgvw`kahx- Alvoptjmtkq+ tbg eoplgp pgvw`kahx ygpg

gmijigd am tbg vpohgxx oe xbjpami tbg `wpdgmx oe ho,

opdamjtami tbg vokahq jmd atx alvkglgmtjtaom-

Tbg kjpigkq àkjtgpjk pgkjtaomxbav `gtyggm tbg Wmatgd

Xtjtgx jmd tbg mgykq glgpiami Pwxxaj xokadaeagd tbg

moplx+ adgmtatq+ jmd cmoykgdig eop amxtatwtaomjka~ami

tbg Mwmm,Kwijp howmtgpvpokaegpjtaom vokahagx- Apoma,

hjkkq+ tbg komi Hokd Yjp baxtopq oe mwhkgjp lappop,aljiami jmd jplx homtpok homtpa`wtgd to hollom

epjlgx oe pgegpgmhg pgijpdami tbg vpohgxx jmd xw`,

xtjmhg eop homdwhtami amtgpxtjtg mgiotajtaomx om

mwhkgjp ygjvomx axxwgx- Hollom vpgegpgmhgx ygpg

pgugjkgd tbpowib amtgpjhtaomx tbjt amhkwdgd tbg eoplgp

Xouagt pgvw`kahx- Guokuami moplx pgijpdami tbg

gkalamjtaom oe mwhkgjp ygjvomx jmd xolg eaxxakg lj,

tgpajkx glvoygpgd davkoljtx jmd dgegmxg oeeahajkx to

holvkgtg howmtgpvpokaegpjtaom vokahqljcami am jhhop,

djmhg yatb xbjpgd jmd kgiataljtg hkjalx oe vokahq pgk,

gujmhg- Am tbg Mwmm,Kwijp hjxg+ tbg glgpigmhg oe

xbjpgd moplx+ adgmtatq+ jmd cmoykgdig am tbg yam,doy oe ovvoptwmatq eokkoyami tbg gmd oe tbg Hokd Yjp

glvoygpgd vokahqljcgpx epol tbg Wmatgd Xtjtgx+

Pwxxaj+ jmd tbg eoplgp Xouagt pgvw`kahx to homdwht

pguokwtaomjpq howmtgpvpokaegpjtaom vokahagx-

Tbg hoxtx jmd homxgzwgmhgx oe jhtaom tbpowib tbg

HTP vpoipjlx jkxo xtjàka~gd grvghtjtaomx eop noamt

hoopdamjtaom- Ewmdami tbpowib tbg homipgxxaomjk `wd,

igt vpohgxx+ pgameophgd tbpowib DODx baibkq pgiw,

kjtgd vkjmmami+ vpoipjllami+ jmd `wdigtami xqxtgl+

vpouadgd j dgipgg oe xtjàkatq jmd tpjmxvjpgmhq eop

alvkglgmtami vpoipjlx jx ygkk jx gxtj`kaxbgd lghbj,

maxlx eop gmijigd homipgxxaomjk ougpxaibt- Am gx,

xgmhg+ tbg vpoipjlljtah vpohgxxgx oe tbg W-X- Hom,ipgxx jmd `wpgjwhpjhq eop alvkglgmtami Mwmm,Kwijp

vpoipjlx xgpugd tbg jipggd jdlamaxtpjtaom vwpvoxgx

am uaxa`kg yjqx-

Tbg Mwmm,Kwijp hjxg jkxo vpouadgx guadgmhg oe tbg

xaimaeahjmhg oe tbg mgtyopc jxvghtx oe tbg

howmtgpvpokaegpjtaom vokahqljcami hollwmatq- Tbg

ewmhtaomjk pokg oe j yadg ujpagtq oe xvghajka~gd jigm,

hagx am tbg gjpkq Mwmm,Kwijp vgpaod+ jkk eohwxgd am j

hollom dapghtaom om hkgjp iojkx+ xgpugd jx j eophami

ewmhtaom eop tbg vokahqljcami hollwmatq- Tbg

ougpjphbami jmd hkgjp vpoipjl iojkx pgijpdami gkala,mjtami mwhkgjp ygjvomx am eoplgp Xouagt pgvw`kahx jt

j wmazwg talg am baxtopq xgpugd jx j xtpomi eowmdjtaom

eop howmtgpvpokaegpjtaom vokahq geeoptx-

Omg jpgj ybgpg Mwmm,Kwijp pgugjkx j xboptholami

am amxtatwtaom `wakdami ax jx jm gjpkq xwhhgxxewk ammo,

ujtaom+ op vakot tgxt+ om ybahb to `wakd jmd grvjmd

igoipjvbahjkkq `gqomd Pwxxaj jmd tbg eoplgp Xouagt

pgvw`kahx to otbgp jpgjx oe vpokaegpjtaom homhgpm+ xwhb

jx Xowtb Jxaj "Amdaj jmd Vjcaxtjm!+ Moptbgjxt Jxaj

"Moptb Copgj!+ jmd tbg Laddkg Gjxt "Apjz jmd Apjm!-

Am otbgp yopdx+ tbg gjpkq Mwmm,Kwijp xwhhgxxgx ygpgmot pgvkahjtgd am otbgp jpgjx oe vpokaegpjtaom homhgpm-

Jddataomjk amxaibtx amto tbg daeeahwktagx oe amxtatwtaom

wakdami jpg pgugjkgd am grjlamami tbg mjtwpg jmd xhovg

oe ybjt tbgopaxtx hjkk tbg amxtpwlgmtjk pgkgujmhg oe

amxtatwtaomx- Tbg baib hoxtx oe dgugkovami geeghtaug

jmd geeahagmt amxtatwtaomx to xgpug jx jm amxtpwlgmt oe

xtjtg vokahq hjm `g xggm am tbg holvkgratagx am tbg

eowp dalgmxaomx eop jxxgxxami amxtpwlgmtjk pgkgujmhg>

amhgmtaug xtpwhtwpgx+ lomatopami jmd gmeophglgmt vpo,

hgxxgx+ hjkhwkjtaomx oe ewtwpg `gmgeatx+ jmd ejhakatjt,

ami `jpijamami-

Amhgmtaug Xtpwhtwpgx

W-X- amhgmtaugx eop HTP vpoipjlx ygpg ejapkq oùa,

owx- Tbg talami oe tbg Mwmm,Kwijp amatajtaugx yjx

pgkjtgd dapghtkq to j wmazwg ovvoptwmatq jt tbg gmd oe

tbg Hokd Yjp to gkalamjtg djmigpowx vpokaegpjtaom

tbpgjtx- Tbg ygjcmgxxgx oe Xouagt xjegiwjpdx jmd



xtohcvakg xghwpatq ygpg jkpgjdq cmoym am tbg dgegmxg

grvgpt hollwmatq jx j pgxwkt oe tbg :126x Bjpujpd

@gkegp Hgmtgp xtwdagx- Jktbowib j mwl`gp oe amtgpmj,

taomjk pgkjtaomx xhbokjpx dg`jtgd tbg amhpgjxgd xtjàk,

atq oe lwktavkg mwhkgjp voygpx+ amhkwdami Wcpjamg jmd

otbgpx+ jx j bgdig jijamxt ewtwpg Pwxxajm jiipgxxaom+57

homugmtaomjk yaxdol am tbg vokahq hollwmatq hoj,kgxhgd jpowmd tbg adgj oe vpouadami amhgmtaugx to gkala,

mjtg mwhkgjp ygjvomx tbpgjtx am jm wmhgptjam voxt

Hokd Yjp gmuapomlgmt- Tbg W-X- jmd Pwxxajm dg`jtgx

ougp Mwmm,Kwijp amhkwdgd hjkhwkjtaomx oe tbg `gm,

geatx jmd hoxtx oe j mgy+ ammoujtaug jvvpojhb-

Hjptgp jmd Vgppq ypatg oe tbg baib tpjmxjhtaom hoxtx

oe gjpkq Mwmm,Kwijp mgiotajtaomx-55 Tbg Wmatgd Xtjtgx

yjx ljamkq amtgpgxtgd am daxljmtkami Xouagt laxxakgx

jx j yjq oe xgpuami W-X- mjtaomjk xghwpatq amtgpgxtx-

Pwxxaj jmd tbg eoplgp Xouagt pgvw`kahx ygpg amtgp,

gxtgd am xohajk jxxaxtjmhg to homugpt lakatjpq eophgx+xhagmtaxtx+ jmd tbgap ujxt lakatjpq,amdwxtpajk holvkgr

to hauakajm+ hollgphajk wxgx- Amhgmtaugx ygpg jkxo

alvoptjmt eop hbjptami j ewtwpg dapghtaom eop Mwmm,

Kwijp to amhkwdg eaxxakg ljtgpajkx jx ygkk jx graxtami

laxxakgx jmd òl`x- Am tbax xgmxg+ amxtatwtaom `wakdami

amhkwdgx alvpouami tbg amhgmtaugx eop kacgkq hoovgpj,

taom jx ygkk jx eop vpgugmtami kjtgp dgeghtopx ybo

yowkd xtakk voxxgxx ljtgpajkx wxgewk eop xo,hjkkgd daptq

òl`x jx ygkk jx mwhkgjp lgphbjmdaxg eop tbg tgppop,

axt `kjhc ljpcgt- Tbwx+ amxtatwtaom `wakdami amatajtgd

tbpowib Mwmm,Kwijp vpouadgx amhgmtaugx eop homtamw,

ami to gmijig Pwxxaj jmd tbg eoplgp Xouagt pgvw`kahxam jm omioami vpohgxx eop adgjx xwhb jx eoplami am,

tgpmjtaomjk eaxxakg ljtgpajk pgvoxatopagx yatb tbg wxg oe

ewmdx epol jm amtgpmjtaomjk homxoptawl to ljmjig tbg

iko`jk xtohcvakg eop vgjhgewk vwpvoxgx jmd vpodwhami

mom,ygjvomx,ipjdg mwhkgjp pgjhtop ewgk-59

Amhgmtaug xtpwhtwpgx am tbg Mwmm,Kwijp hjxg jhtwjkkq

amuokugd j yadgp pjmig oe ovtaomx tbjm yjx uaxa`kg

tbpowib tbg kgmx oe tpjdataomjk jplx homtpok mgiotaj,

taomx- Am tbg hjxg oe Wcpjamg+ j yadg,jmikg vgpxvgh,taug pgugjkx tbpgg xgvjpjtg xgtx oe amhgmtaugx-52 Tbg

eapxt kgugk amhkwdgd tpakjtgpjk davkoljhq homdwhtgd `q

tbg Wmatgd Xtjtgx+ Pwxxaj+ jmd Wcpjamg- Tbgxg mgio,

tajtaomx eohwxgd om ghomolah amhgmtaugx eop dgegmxg

homugpxaomx+ ljpcgt pgeoplx+ jmd ghomolah dgugk,

ovlgmt- Jt j xghomd kgugk+ amhgmtaugx ygpg mghgxxjpq

to lggt Wcpjamgx xghwpatq homhgpmx- W-X-+ Gwpovgjm+

jmd Pwxxajm pgkjtaomx ygpg jkk amuokugd am tbg pgxwkt,

ami dgegmxg vpoipjlx eop lakatjpq,to,lakatjpq tpjamami

eop Wcpjamajm jmd otbgp Gjxtgpm Gwpovgjm eophgx+

MJTO Vjptmgpxbav eop Vgjhg vpoipjlx+ jmd gmxwami

vpoipjlx eop MJTO grvjmxaom-51

Tbg tbapd vaghg am,hkwdgd tbg Mwmm,Kwijp dgmwhkgjpa~jtaom vpoipjl-

Lomatopami jmd Gmeophglgmt Vpohgxxgx

Lomatopami jmd gmeophglgmt lghbjmaxlx eop amxtatw,

taom `wakdami amhkwdg jxvghtx oe amtpjxtjtg jmd amtgp,

xtjtg pgkjtaomx jx ygkk jx amtgpmjtaomjk pgkjtaomx- Eop

amxtjmhg+ am tbg Mwmm,Kwijp hjxg+ gjpkq xwvvopt yjx

kjhcami epol Pwxxajx Lamjtol-96 Om tbg W-X- xadg+

graxtami Hokd Yjp jigmhagx ygpg pgopijma~ami jx ygkk

jx eoplami mgy opijma~jtaomxeop grjlvkg+ tbg pg,

opijma~jtaom jmd mgy laxxaomx jxxaimgd am tbg tpjmxa,taom epol tbg W-X- Dgegmxg Mwhkgjp Jigmhq to tbg

Dgegmxg Tbpgjt Pgdwhtaom Jigmhq "DTPJ!- Opijma,

~jtaomjk pgeoplx amhkwdgd tbg mgykq hbjptgpgd Om,

57- Xgg Nobm N- Lgjpxbgalgp+ Tbg Hjxg eop j Wcpjamajm Mwhkgjp Dgtgppgmt+ jmd Xjijm jmd Yjkt~+ Tbg Xvpgjd oe Mwhkgjp Ygjvomx+

eop amxtjmhg-


59- Aàd-+ 26-

52- Aàd-+ 28-

51- Ljpq`gtb Vgtgpxom Wkpahb+ Dglohpjta~ami Hollwmaxt Lakatjpagx> Tbg Hjxgx oe tbg H~ghb jmd Pwxxajm Jplgd Eophgx "Jmm

Jpòp> Wmaugpxatq oe Lahbaijm Vpgxx+ :111!-




Xatg Amxvghtaom Jigmhq+ ybahb yjx eowmdgd to xwv,

vopt gjpkq voxtHokd Yjp howmtgpvpokaegpjtaom amataj,

taugx-9:

Am holvjpaxom+ tbg kjtgp+ ejakgd Moptb Copgjm Jipggd

Epjlgyopc pgkagd om tbg AJGJ eop lomatopami jmd

gmeophglgmt- Kjtgp+ am 0666+ tbg kjxt jmmwjk pgvoptaxxwgd `q Xghpgtjpq oe Dgegmxg Hobgm voamtgd owt

tbg xaimaeahjmhg oe tbg Jipggd Epjlgyopc epgg~ami

Moptb Copgjm mwhkgjp ejhakatagx jt Qomi`qom jmd

Tjghbom wmdgp AJGJ amxvghtaomx-90 Tbg pgxwktami hok,

kjvxg oe tbg Moptb Copgjm amtgpmjtaomjk lomatopami jmd

gmeophglgmt jijam vpouadgx j homtpjxt yatb tbg ge,

eghtaug lomatopami jmd gmeophglgmt lghbjmaxlx oe

tbg Mwmm,Kwijp vpoipjlx yatb amhkwdgd boxt jigm,

hagx xwhb jx Lamjtol jmd tbg DTPJ gmijigd dapghtkq-

Am holvjpami tbgxg tyo hjxgx+ tbg guadgmhg to djtg

xwiigxtx tbg hpatahjk alvoptjmhg oe boxt howmtpq am,

uokuglgmt am jhtaugkq xwvvoptami lomatopami jmd gm,eophglgmt jppjmiglgmtx-98

Hjkhwkjtaom oe Ewtwpg @gmgeatx

Tbg vbpjxg kgmitbgmami tbg xbjdoy oe tbg ewtwpg

voptpjqx tbg alvoptjmt vgphgvtaom oe amxtatwtaomjk jp,

pjmiglgmtx jx gmbjmhami tbg vpoxvghtx oe ewtwpg `gm,

geatx jmd hoxtx-94 Am otbgp yopdx+ tbg votgmtajk eop

ewtwpg vjqoeex kgmdx xwvvopt eop amxtatwtaom `wakdami-

Ypatami am :111+ Hjptgp jmd Vgppq glvbjxa~g tbg xwh,

hgxxgx oe Mwmm,Kwijp am tbg gjpkq voxtHokd Yjp

vgpaod-97

Am jddataom+ tbgq vponght eopyjpd to baib,

kaibt homtamwami howmtgpvpokaegpjtaom yopc- Am vjptahw,

kjp+ tbgq motg tbjt Pwxxaj xtakk voxxgxxgx gmowib vkw,

tomawl jmd baibkq gmpahbgd wpjmawl to vpodwhg `g,

tyggm 07+666 jmd 26+666 mwhkgjp ygjvomx- Tbgpg,

eopg+ tbgq vpovoxg pgamugmtami Mwmm,Kwijp yatb gr,

vjmdami vpoipjl `wdigtx yatb ipgjtgp kjtatwdg eop

mwhkgjp jwdatx jmd amxvghtaomx jmd j mgy jplx hom,tpok pgialg- Tbg hjkk ax eop jm grvjmxaom oe Mwmm,

Kwijp eop xjegiwjpdami eaxxakg ljtgpajkx- Tbg amatajtaug

am grvjmdami HTP vpoipjl vpokaegpjtaom pgialgx ax

ghbogd am pghgmt yopc `q tbg Hjpmgiag Eowmdjtaom

jmd jijam `q Jkkaxom oe Bjpujpdx @gkegp Hgmtgp-95

Ejhakatjtami @jpijamami

Tbg eamjk dalgmxaom eop jxxgxxami tbg amxtpwlgmtjk

pgkgujmhg oe amtgpmjtaomjk amxtatwtaomx homhgpmx ejhaka,

tjtami `jpijamami- Ejhakatjtaom amhkwdgx gxtj`kaxbami

pwkgx+ vpohgdwpgx+ vpamhavkgx+ jmd vpghgdgmtx jx ygkkjx hpgjtami baib hoxtx eop mo jipgglgmt- Tbg grtgm,

xaug mjtwpg oe tbg gaibt holvomgmtx hatgd eop xwh,

hgxxewk mgiotajtaomx pgugjkx tbg alvoptjmhg oe amxtatw,

taomx jmd pgialgx+ jkomi yatb xwvvoptami opijma~j,

taomx+ eop geeghtaug vokahqljcami jmd alvkglgmtjtaom-

Tbg gaibt holvomgmtx dpjym epol tbg katgpjtwpg om

`jpijamami jmd mgiotajtaomx holvpaxg ":! pwkgx+ "0!

ameopljtaom+ "8! xtjmdjpdx+ "4! ameopljtaom j`owt hol,

vkajmhg+ "7! hpgda`kg vgmjktagx+ "5! gmeophgj`kg pwkgx+

"9! hoovgpjtaom tbpowib ameopljtaom xbjpami+ jmd "2!

kalatami tbg mwl`gp oe vjptahavjmtx-

9:- Hbpaxtajm @pjblxtgdt+Dgegmxgx Mwhkgjp Jigmhq+ :149:119"Yjxbamitom+ D-H-> W-X- Dgvjptlgmt oe Dgegmxg+ Dgegmxg Tbpgjt

Pgdwhtaom Jigmhq+ 0660!-

90- Hobgm+Jmmwjk Pgvopt to tbg Vpgxadgmt jmd tbg Homipgxx+ ::-

98- Eop j holvjpaxom oe daeeahwktagx am jplx homtpok amxvghtaom+ lomatopami+ jmd ugpaeahjtaom ybgm tbg boxt howmtpq pgewxgx to

hoovgpjtg+ xgg pghgmt eapxtbjmd jhhowmtx `q tbg grghwtaug hbjapljm oe tbg WM Xvghajk Hollaxxaom "WMXHOL! om Apjz+ Pahbjpd

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94- J daxhwxxaom oe tbg homhgvt xbjdoy oe tbg ewtwpg ax eowmd am Njlgx D- Egjpom+ @jpijamami+ Gmeophglgmt jmd Amtgpmjtaomjk

Hoovgpjtaom+Amtgpmjtaomjk Opijma~jtaom 70+ mo- 0 ":112!> 051867-


95- Igopig Vgpcouahb+ Noxgvb Hapamhaomg+ Poxg Iottglogkkgp+ Nom @- Yokextbjk+ jmd Ngxxahj T- Ljtbgyx+ Wmaugpxjk Holvkajmhg> J

Xtpjtgiq eop Mwhkgjp Xghwpatq "Yjxbamitom+ D-H-> Hjpmgiag Gmdoylgmt eop Amtgpmjtaomjk Vgjhg+ 0664!3 Jkkaxom+Mwhkgjp Tgppopaxl-



Am tbg Mwmm,Kwijp hjxg+ ljcami tbg HTP geeghtaug

vokahq amxtpwlgmtx pgzwapgd grtgmxaug mgiotajtaomx eop

pwkgx to xtjàka~g grvghtjtaomx- Hjptgp jmd Vgppq voamt

owt tbjt ljmjiami grvghtjtaomx amhkwdgd lopg vkjq,

gpx tbjm tbg gmijigd amtgpmjtaomjk mgiotajtopx- Eop

grjlvkg+ om tbg W-X- xadg tbgpg ygpg grvghtjtaomx

epol tbg Homipgxx tbjt tpjdataomjk+ Hokd Yjp xghwpatqhomhgpmx yowkd g ougpholg- Tbg mgy Pwxxajm Dwlj

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ipgxx-99

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tjmt `q tbg Mwmm,Kwijp mgiotajtopx- Hjptgp jmd Vgppq

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tbg :114Mwhkgjp Voxtwpg Pguagy+ to hkgjpkq jmmowmhg

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Tbg Mwhkgjp Voxtwpg Pguagy yjx lgjmt jx j hkgjp

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am omioami atgpjtaomx oe xtpjtgiah jplx pgdwhtaom tjkcx-

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vkajmhg jppjmiglgmtx yjx hpwhajk eop `wakdami tpwxt

jmd homeadgmhg eop homtamwami tbg vpoipjl- Am tbax

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Yjp pgkjtaomxbav-

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gpami tbg `jppagpx to ijamami ameopljtaom jòwt hol,

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vpoipjlx eop hjmhgp tgxtx am jmd jpowmd eoplgp Xo,

uagt mwhkgjp ejhakatagx3 `q pgxgjphb ipjmtx eop Pwxxajm+

Cj~jcb+ jmd Wcpjamajm xhagmtaxtx3 jmd `q dgegmxg am,

dwxtpq homugpxaomx to hollgphajk vwpxwatx-

Tbg zwgxtaom pgljamx> Dogx tbg guadgmhg vpgxgmtgd

am tbax vjvgp xwiigxt tbjt Mwmm,Kwijp amatajtaugx bjug

tbg votgmtajk to xgpug jx j holvjpj`kg hjxg xtwdq eop

tbamcami jòwt dgugkovami j Moptbgjxt Jxajm xghwpatqpgialg? Tbax vjvgp eohwxgd om tbg xtwdq oe tbg Hkamtom

jdlamaxtpjtaomx Mwmm,Kwijp howmtgpvpokaegpjtaom

vokahq amatajtaugx eop pgdwhami tbg tbpgjtx oe kooxg mwcgx

am Pwxxaj jmd tbg eoplgp Xouagt pgvw`kahx- Tbg Pwx,

xajm hjxg+ jx iwadgd `q amxtatwtaomjk tbgopq+ grjlamgd

W-X- jmd+ am vjptahwkjp+ tbg W-X- Dgegmxg Dgvjptlgmtx

kgjdgpxbav geeoptx am howmtgpami tbg vpokaegpjtaom oe

mwhkgjp YLD epol :110 to 0666- Tbax vjvgpx eamd,

amix xwiigxt tbg xaimaeahjmhg jmd amekwgmhg oe amxtatw,

taom, jmd opijma~jtaom,`wakdami jvvpojhbgx eop geegh,

taug howmtgpvpokaegpjtaom vokahqljcami- Oe howpxg+

jdjvtami tbg Mwmm,Kwijp jvvpojhb eop Moptbgjxt Jxajpgzwapgx jddataomjk xtwdq jmd jmjkqxax- Hgptjamkq+ dg,

ugkovami j epjlgyopc eop xqmtbgxa~ami holvgtataug

xtpjtgiagx ugpxwx j xtw`òpm Moptb Copgjm pgialg jmd

hoovgpjtaug xtpjtgiagx eop vpolotami j hollom

howmtgpvpokaegpjtaom vokahq eop gmbjmhami W-X-+ Hba,

mgxg+ Njvjmgxg+ POC+ jmd Pwxxajm hokkghtaug xghwpatq

pgljamx j hbjkkgmig- Lopg xtwdq ax mggdgd oe tbg op,

ijma~jtaomjk jmd jigmhq lghbjmaxlx mghgxxjpq jmd

xweeahagmt eop dgugkovami jm amxtatwtaomjk jvvpojhb

xwatj`kg eop Moptbgjxt Jxajm xghwpatq-

99- Nogk X- Yat+ Djmagk @- Vomgljm+ jmd Po`gpt K- Ijkkwhha+ Ioami Hpatahjk> Tbg Eapxt Moptb Copgjm Mwhkgjp Hpaxax "Yjxbamitom+D-H-> @poocamix Amxtatwtaom Vpgxx+ 0664!-


91- Aàd-+ 22-



Voxtxhpavt

Vjtbx eop Ewptbgp Pgxgjphb> Iougpmlgmt

jmd Opijma~jtaomjk Vgpeopljmhg

Pghgmt pgxgjphb om iougpmlgmt vgpeopljmhg jx dg,

ugkovgd am tbg eagkd oe vw`kah jdlamaxtpjtaom dgxgpugx

jddataomjk jttgmtaom `q amtgpmjtaomjk pgkjtaomx jmd xg,hwpatq xtwdagx xhbokjpx- Tbg tagx jlomi grghwtaug kgjd,

gpxbav+ vokahq geeghtaugmgxx+ jmd iougpmlgmt vgpeop,

ljmhg jpg tbg xw`nght oe homtamwami vw`kah ljmjig,

lgmt pgxgjphb- Eop amxtjmhg+ Vjtpahaj Y- Amipjbjl

jmd bgp hokkgjiwgx oeegp j vgpeopljmhg epjlgyopc

jmd eamdx ài kgxxomx xwhb jx ljmjiglgmt ljt,

tgpx jmd geeghtaug kgjdgpxbav ax uatjk-26 Amipjbjl

jmd hokkgjiwgx baibkaibt vgpeopljmhg ljmjiglgmt jt

tbg egdgpjk+ xtjtg+ jmd kohjk kgugkx3 jmd tbg òocx am,

xaibtx oeegp j xalakjp eohwx om vokahq kgjdgpxbav jx at

xtwdagx xgmaop grghwtaugx am vw`kah opijma~jtaomx yopc,

ami jx vokahq ljcgpx+ alvkglgmtgpx+ amtgipjtopx+ jmdpgxwktx ljmjigpxop ybjt Amipjbjl gt jk- tgpl

ipowmdgd kgjdgpxbav+2: tbjt ax+ tbg xgmaop op xtpjtg,

iah kgjdgpx pokgx am hbjptami tbg dapghtaom jmd dgipgg

oe amekwgmhg eop alvkglgmtami geeghtaug vw`kah vokahq

yatbam jmd jhpoxx iougpmlgmt opijma~jtaomx- Grghw,

taug pgxvomxaàkatagx amhkwdg kgjdgpx pokgx am hoopda,

mjtami ljmjiglgmt geeoptx to xwvvopt j uaxaom eop

jhbaguami iougpmlgmt laxxaomx+ iojkx+ jmd vgpeop,

ljmhg o`nghtaugx- Amipjbjlx vw`kah ljmjiglgmt

pgxgjphb baibkaibtx tbg pgkgujmhg oe xtpjtgiah kgjdgp,

xbav jmd ljmjiglgmt eop hoopdamjtami holvkgr jd,

lamaxtpjtaug xqxtglx jhpoxx jigmhagx jmd yatbam iou,gpmlgmt+ ybahb tbgap grtgmxaug eamdamix xwiigxt ax

hkgjp am tbgap xtwdq oe W-X- iougpmlgmt opijma~j,

taomx-20

Kgt lg homhkwdg `q oeegpami j xwiigxtaom eop ewtwpg

pgxgjphb mggdx jmd jm jvvpojhb eop xtwdqami

howmtgpvpokaegpjtaom vokahqljcami- Am xbopt+ ewptbgp

pgxgjphb ax mggdgd to jmjkq~g grghwtaug jmd jigmhq

vgpeopljmhg am vwpxwat oe jdlamaxtpjtaom

howmtgpvpokaegpjtaom vokahq o`nghtaugx am òtb tbg hom,

tgrtx oe W-X- jigmhagx jmd amtgpmjtaomjk opijma~jtaomx-

Tbg kgjdgpxbav pokgx oe vw`kah grghwtaugx xwhb jx tbg

xghpgtjpagx oe dgegmxg jx amtgipjtopx eop iougpmlgmt

vokahq dgugkovlgmt jmd alvkglgmtjtaom xbowkd `g

grjlamgd am tgplx oe wtaka~ami DODx ljmjiglgmt

hjvjhatq eop amtgipjtami ujpaowx W-X- jmd amtgpmjtaomjk

jigmhagx am jhbaguami tbg jdlamaxtpjtaomx vokahq pg,

xwktx eop howmtgpami YLD vpokaegpjtaom am Moptb Co,

pgj+ Pwxxaj+ Apjm+ jmd gkxgybgpg- Jijam+ tbg amtgipjt,ami pokgx oe vw`kah grghwtaugx grtgmd jhpoxx W-X- iou,

gpmlgmt jigmhagx jx ygkk jx amtgpmjtaomjk opijma~j,

taomx-

Eop grjlvkg+ tbg talg ax paibt eop j dgtjakgd hjxg xtwdq

oe Hkamtom,gpj howmtgpvpokaegpjtaom vokahq yatb pgxvght

to Apjz- Jm Apjz YLD hjxg pgzwapgx grjlamami tbg

pgkjtaomxbav oe W-X- geeoptx jkomi yatb tbg pokgx jmd

ewmhtaomx oe tbg WM jmd atx opijma~jtaom eop mwhkgjp

ljttgpx+ tbg AJGJ- Gxtj`kaxbami j po`wxt Apjz hjxg

xtwdq mjppjtaug xbowkd vpohggd jkomi tbpgg kamgx- Eapxt+

am gxtj`kaxbami tbg oeeahajk W-X- vokahq jx at guokugddwpami tbg :116x+ tbg jmjkqxax xbowkd tpjhg vokahq

dgugkovlgmt epol iougpmlgmt dohwlgmtx+ amhkwdami

tbg Hkamtom mjtaomjk xghwpatq jmd mjtaomjk lakatjpq xtpjt,

giagx+ ujpaowx axxwgx oeJmmwjk Pgvopt oe tbg Xghpg,

tjpq oe Dgegmxg to tbg Vpgxadgmt jmd tbg Homipgxx+

jmd amtgpmjk jdlamaxtpjtaom YLD xtpjtgiq jmd vokahq

pguagyx-

J xghomd kamg oe amzwapq xbowkd eokkoy tbg mjppjtaugx

epol tbg vgpxvghtaug oe WM vpokaegpjtaom vokahqljcami-

WM Xghwpatq Howmhak pgxokwtaomx epol tbg gmd oe tbg

Iwke Yjp am :11: tbpowib 0660 jmd tbg xtjpt oe tbgyjp am Apjz vpouadg ovgm,xowphg dohwlgmtx tbjt xbgd

kaibt om tbg jkaimlgmt op laxjkaimlgmt oe W-X- jmd

WM vokahq- Am jddataom+ vw`kaxbgd àoipjvbagx `q WM

hbage amxvghtopx Pahbjpd @wtkgp jmd Bjmx @kar jdd am,

xaibt amto tbg pokgx oe amxvghtaom grghwtaugx am alvkg,

lgmtami WM vokahq jmd Xghwpatq Howmhak pgxokwtaomx-

J tbapd kamg oe amzwapq amhkwdgx pgvoptx q xgugpjk W-X-

iougpmlgmt jigmhagx+ xwhb jx tbg Iougpmlgmt Jh,

howmtjàkatq Oeeahg "IJO+ eoplgpkq Igmgpjk Jhhowmt,

ami Oeeahg!+ jmd momiougpmlgmtjk opijma~jtaomx+ xwhb

jx tbg Mwhkgjp Tbpgjt Amatajtaug+ tbjt vpouadg ougp,

26- Vjtpahaj Y- Amipjbjl+ Vbakav I- Noqhg+ jmd Jlq Cmggdkgp Domjbwg+ Iougpmlgmt Vgpeopljmhg> Ybq Ljmjiglgmt Ljttgpx

"@jktalopg> Nobmx Bovcamx Wmaugpxatq Vpgxx+ 0668!-

2:- Aàd-+ :70-

20- Aàd-+ 060:-



xaibt oe YLD vokahq axxwgx- Am jddataom to amtgpmjk

grghwtaug `pjmhb jmd DOD xtwdagx oe W-X- vokahq am

Apjz+ tbgpg bjug `ggm mwlgpowx grtgpmjk gujkwjtaomx

oe W-X- vpokaegpjtaom vokahq- Tbgxg ougpxaibt ewmhtaomx

vpouadg j hbghc om grghwtaug `pjmhb xgke,jxxgxxlgmt

jmd amhkwdg homipgxxaomjk hollattgg bgjpamix jmd

xtwdagx+ IJO pgvoptx+ jmd wmaugpxatq jmd tbamc tjmc vokahq pguagyx- Eop grjlvkg+ tbg Hjpmgiag Eowmdj,

taom oe Mgy Qopc+ tbg @poocamix Amxtatwtaom+ tbg Hgm,

tgp eop Xtpjtgiah jmd Amtgpmjtaomjk Xtwdagx+ jmd

Bjpujpdx Nobm E- Cgmmgdq Xhbook oe Iougpmlgmtx

@gkegp Hgmtgp eop Xhagmhg jmd Amtgpmjtaomjk Jeejapx

xvomxop vpoipjlx to ijam vgpxvghtaugx om YLD

tbpgjtx jmd howmtgpvpokaegpjtaom vokahq epol kgjdami

xhbokjpx- Jkk oeegp alvoptjmt amxaibtx eop gujkwjtami

iougpmlgmt vokahqljcami jmd opijma~jtaomjk vgpeop,

ljmhg-28

Am jddataom+ tbg jetgpljtb oe tbg 066: tgppopaxt jt,tjhcx om tbg Yopkd Tpjdg Hgmtgp am Mgy Qopc bjx

xvjpcgd j mwl`gp oe iougpmlgmt pgvoptx+ hollax,

xaomx+ jmd vgpxomjk jhhowmtx om axxwgx pgkjtgd to mj,

taomjk xghwpatq jmd tgppopaxl am igmgpjk tbjt vpouadg

jddataomjk wmhkjxxaeagd ameopljtaom om Hkamtom,gpj

YLD vpokaegpjtaom geeoptx- Oe vjptahwkjp ujkwg jpg tyo

grtgmxaug pgxgjphb pguagyx `q baib,kgugk iougpmlgmt

hollaxxaomx- Omg ax tbg 0664 Cgjm,Bjlaktom pgvopt

oe tbg 1/:: Hollaxxaom-24 J xghomd jwtbopatjtaug 0664

pgvopt+ eohwxami om Apjz jmd YLD+ yjx `giwm `q j

eoplgp W-X- iougpmlgmt oeeahajk jmd WM ygjvomx

amxvghtop+ Djuad Cjq+ jmd holvkgtgd q jmotbgp AJGJygjvomx amxvghtop+ Hbjpkgx Dwgkegp-27 Dwgkegpx tbpgg,

uokwlg pgvopt vpouadgx j dgtjakgd pguagy oe tbg pgkj,

taomxbav oe W-X- howmtgpvpokaegpjtaom vokahq yatb tbg

alvkglgmtjtaom `q tbg AJGJx tyo ygjvomx amxvgh,

taomx tgjlx dwpami tbg :116x jmd kgjdami wv to tbg

yjp am Apjz-

Tbg tpajmiwkjtaom oe tbgxg tbpgg pgxgjphb xtpgjlx yakk

vpouadg j lopg po`wxt wmdgpxtjmdami oe tbg kgjdgp,

xbav vjttgpmx jmd tbg pokg oe tbg W-X- jigmhq kgjd+ tbg

xghpgtjpq oe dg

from the six-party talks to a northeast asian security regime? by joseph r. cerami

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