Upload File

from the previous lesson on mutation you should be able to: state what mutations are

  • Home
  • Documents
  • From the previous lesson on mutation you should be able to: state what mutations are
18
From the previous lesson on mutation you should be able to: • state what mutations are • explain how mutations occur Adaptation, natural selection and the evolution of species

Upload: gail

Post on 24-Feb-2016

21 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

Report

Tags:

DESCRIPTION

From the previous lesson on mutation you should be able to: state what mutations are e xplain how mutations occur. In this lesson you should learn about the process of natural selection and how it e xplains why organisms evolve. . Success criteria: Describe the process of natural selection - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

TRANSCRIPT

PowerPoint Presentation

From the previous lesson on mutation you should be able to:

state what mutations areexplain how mutations occurAdaptation, natural selection and the evolution of speciesIn this lesson you should learn about the process of natural selection and how it explains why organisms evolve. Success criteria:Describe the process of natural selectionExplain how it is involved in the evolution of organismsAdaptation, natural selection and the evolution of speciesAll populations show variation.

What types of variation are there?

Scientists put variations into 2 groups Discrete variation and continuous variation.

How is variation produced in a species?

Through the process of sexual reproduction.Adaptation, natural selection and the evolution of speciesThe variation that exists in a population allows environmental factors to have an influence on the population.

This process is called Natural selection and it determines which organisms survive to reproduce.Adaptation, natural selection and the evolution of speciesThe Theory of Natural selection

Controversially proposed by Charles Darwin in hisBook On the Origin of Species in 1859.

But other scientists had similar ideas like Alfred Russell Wallacehttp://www.twigonglow.com/films/darwins-dilemma-1144/

Adaptation, natural selection and the evolution of specieshttp://www.twigonglow.com/films/natural-selection-1140/Natural selection (survival of the fittest)Organisms reproduce producing many offspringVariation exists among the offspringIndividuals struggle to survive in their environmentOnly the fittest survive as they are better adaptedThese survivors reproduce passing on their successful genetic information (alleles)Adaptation, natural selection and the evolution of speciesDarwin explained that those organisms bestadapted for their environment would surviveand reproduce.

Those not well adapted would not survive and eventually would disappear.

Darwins problem was he could not give a clearliving example but used his observationsparticularly of Finches in the Galapagos Islands. Adaptation, natural selection and the evolution of speciesDarwins finches support the idea that organismschange with selection pressure.

In the finches case it was to evolve different beak shapes and sizes as mutations allowed them tomake use of different food sources.

One original group of finches slowly spread to different islands and evolved to be bestadapted to the food on their island.Adaptation, natural selection and the evolution of species

Darwins FinchesAdaptation, natural selection and the evolution of speciesA modern example of Natural Selection in action is thePeppered Moth (Biston betularia)

Adaptation, natural selection and the evolution of speciesTwo forms of the moth exist pale and dark (melanic).

The distribution of the different forms is determined by the environmental pressure of pollution.

Pollution levels alter the colour of the trees (soot and a change in lichen numbers).

This alters the camouflage effect of the different forms and this alters the numbers surviving.

Adaptation, natural selection and the evolution of speciesIn towns and cities where there is a lot of pollutionthe lichens on trees die and soot often covers thetrees making them dark.More dark coloured forms of the moth will be present. (WHY?)

In towns and cities where there is less pollutionlight coloured lichens will survive and less soot will cover the trees.More of the light coloured form will be found. (WHY?)

What do you think happens in the rural areas?Adaptation, natural selection and the evolution of speciesBacterial resistance to antibiotics is also anexample of modern natural selection.Can you think why this is?Adaptation, natural selection and the evolution of species

http://www.twigonglow.com/films/life-in-hot-deserts-1129/Adaptations that have evolved through natural selectionAdaptations can either be structural, physiological or behavioural.Watch the video clips and make a note of the adaptations and whether they are structural, physiological or behavioural.You may need to watch them twice. http://www.twigonglow.com/films/life-in-the-freezer-1128/http://www.twigonglow.com/films/bizarre-adaptations-1132/Adaptation, natural selection and the evolution of speciesAdaptation, natural selection and the evolution of speciesOther adaptations that help animals survive in their environment (for discussion).

Adaptation, natural selection and the evolution of speciesOther adaptations that help animals survive in their environment (for discussion).

Adaptation, natural selection and the evolution of speciesOther adaptations that help plants survive in their environment (for discussion).

In this lesson you should have learned about the process of natural selection and how it explains why organisms evolve. Describe the process of natural selectionExplain how it is involved in the evolution of organismsAdaptation, natural selection and the evolution of species


Types of mutations Mutations: Mutations: protein level …guralnl/441Mutations and the...mutagens • Mutagens are potential carcinogens Agents of mutation • Spontaneous • Physical

Mutations and detection of mutation using AuNP

What is a mutation???. GENETIC MUTATIONS MISTAKES IN DNA

GENETIC MUTATIONS GENE MUTATIONS Change/mistake with individual gene Point Mutation – 1 amino acid is changed Frameshift Mutation – an amino acid is added

From the previous lesson on mutation you should be able to: state what mutations are

7 Mechanisms of Mutation and DNA Repair. Mutations Spontaneous mutation : occurs in absence of mutagenic agent Rate of mutation: probability of change

Chapter 7a - DNA mutation and repair : Mutation and adaptation Types of mutations

Instability: Mutation and DNA repair Mutations DNA repair

Origin of Mutations Under Selection: The Adaptive Mutation

Mutation - WordPress.com...Mutation • A mutation is a change in the nucleotide sequence of a short region of a genome. • Many mutations are point mutations that replace one nucleotide

Mutations and DNA Technology. What is a mutation? A mutation is a change in DNA Two types of mutations are gene mutations and chromosome mutations

Canine genetically inherited eye disease mutations...Canine genetically inherited eye disease mutations Gene Mutation annotation Mutation type Disease designation AHT offers DNA test

Genetic Mutations Accelerated Biology. What is a Mutation? A mutation is a permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene. Mutations in a gene's DNA

Chapter 7a - DNA mutation and repair: Mutation and adaptation Types of mutations DNA repair mechanisms

Mutations. Definition mutation A mutation is a change in an organism’s DNA – Silent mutations are changes that do not result in a change to the organisms

Gene Mutations. Mutation Vocabulary Gene Mutation Point Mutation – Substitution – Silent – Missense – Nonsense Frameshift – Insertion – Deletion Chromosomal

Ch 12.4 Mutations. Mutation: -inheritable changes in genetic material

Spontaneous mutations occurred spontaneously Induced ... · Spontaneous mutations occurred spontaneously Induced mutations treating an organism with a mutagenizing agent Mutation

1 12-4 Mutations. 2 Mutation = change in genetic material Gene mutation = changes in a single gene Chromosomal mutation = changes in whole chromosomes

Mutations & Genetic Disorders - Ms. Bustos › ... › 4 › 120409855 › mutationsgenetic… · MUTATIONS & GENETIC DISORDERS. MUTATIONS Mutation: •Any mistake or change in the

f. Deletiongrayepc.weebly.com/uploads/2/3/6/2/23621820/dna_mutation.pdf · Point mutations b. Gene mutations c. Silent mutation d. Missense mutation e. Nonsense mutation f. Deletion

EFFECT OF MUTATIONS ON PROTEIN FUNCTION GENE MUTATION = POINT

DNA MUTATIONS · DNA MUTATIONS MUTATION = _____ to the genetic material of a living organism Anything that causes a mutation is called a _____ ex) Some types of mutations that could

Mutations: a source of variation. Mutations are the source of variation A mutation is a heritable change in genetic material. A mutation is a heritable

From the previous lesson on mutation you should be able to: state what mutations are explain how mutations occur Adaptation, natural selection and the

12-4 Mutations Mutation: A Change in DNA Mutation – any change in the DNA sequence that can also change the protein it codes for Mutations in Reproductive

We can learn about how they evolve fromChange in primary amino acid sequence Mutation A. Silent mutations B. Point mutations Type of Mutation A. Silent mutations Code for the same

Mutations. What is a mutation? A mutation is a permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene. Mutations in a gene's DNA sequence can alter the amino

Mutation, Transposition, and Repair. A.Gene Mutation 1. Mutations are Classified in Different Ways:

CHAPTER 10 Bacterial Genetics. Mutation and Recombination, Mutations and Mutants

Mutations. A. Introduction to Mutations -A mutation is a change in DNA sequence (order of nucleotides). -Mutations are important because they increase

A.Gene Mutation 1. Mutations are Classified in Different Ways: 2. The Rates of Spontaneous Mutations: 3. How Spontaneous Mutations Occur: 4. Mutagens and

Mutations. What Are Mutations? Mutation: Changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA Mutagen: A physical or chemical agent that changes DNA Mutation May

Genetic Mutations. What is a mutation? What are some examples of harmful mutations? Neutral Mutations are… What are some examples of beneficial mutations?

BIOTECHNOLOGY The future is here!. MUTATIONS Mutation - changes in the DNA sequence that affect genetic information Types of mutations: Gene mutations