from national forensic dna database to a worldwide dna and ... · forensic developement of first...

Josef Holaubek Platz 1, A-1090 Wien +43-(0)1-24836-85383 (0-24 Uhr)

BUNDESKRIMINALAMT Büro 3.6 – Zentralstelle zur Bekämpfung der Schlepperkriminalität

Bundeskriminalamt, Josef Holaubek Platz 1, A-1090 Wien, Telefon: +43-(0)1- 24836-85383

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From national forensic DNA database to

worldwide DNA database networks

Reinhard Schmid

Federal Ministry of the Interior Austria




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The first Austrian DNA Case – Serialkiller Jack Unterweger (1950 – 1994) • 1974 – Identification after rape cases and sadistic murder of raped victim

• 1976 - Conviction to live long prison sentence from court Salzburg

• 1976 - 1990 – Prison time

–  start of self-education as writer and author in prison

–  Darling of Austrians intellectuals and artists, which give him the title „Häf`n-Poet“ (prisons poet ) and descriped him as perfect example of a possible resozialisation of a serious criminal

–  Intellectuals initiative for amnesty whichever is supported also from Austrian Minister of Justice

• 1990 - Discharge from prison




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The first Austrian DNA Case –

Serialkiller Jack Unterweger (1950 – 1994) • 1991 – Unterweger is part of Austrian high society artists community. He moderated a radio interview with leading investigator concerning several killed prostitutes in Vienna by unknown offender • After published radio interview the retired investigative police officer from first murder case in Salzburg, informed Viennese investigators, that he think that Unterweger was the killer of those prostitutes

• Start of targeted investigations against Jack Unterweger

• Intensive investigations showed, that in towns in which Unterweger stayed for readings of his books at same time prostitutes are killed always with a very specific killing methode (strangled with specific rope knot and position).




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The first Austrian DNA Case – Serialkiller Jack Unterweger (1950 – 1994) • 1992 – Issue of arrest warrant – Unterweger flees to USA before he could arrested. In USA Unterweger giveTV interviews and could be arrested after this in Florida. „Prisons Poet“ was defined now also as „Jack the writer“

• In Unterwegers car a hair could be secured

• 1993 - First Austrian DNA analyses from this secured hair. DNA analyses from mother of one victim (Prague victim) showed a kin relationship. This was strongest evidence in trial against Unterweger.

• 1994 – Mainly based on DNA result possible conviction from Unterweger as murder in 9 cases. Unterweger suicide himselves at same night in prison with same strangling methode and identical rape knot.




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National DNA databases




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Developement of Austrian national DNA database solution • 1997 – Pilot DNA project – start off operative Austrian DNA database (second operative DNA database in Europe)

• 1999 – specific national DNA legislation • 2000 – Austria start developement of new DNA database software solution

• 2005- Austrian database linked online with first international centralised Interpol DNA database Lyon

• 2006 – Austria national database go live via first international decentralised DNA database network with German national DNA database (Prüm database Network)




.BK Developement of Austrian national DNA database solution • 2017: Complex DNA data base structure with online network linked to DNA labs, national and international DNA and other database solutions working mainly with automated trigger procedures:

–  All 4 Austrian DNA labs with LIMS linked –  Linked with national biometric master Identification system –  Linked with national forensic investigative stain and hit database –  Linked with national police report system –  Linked with Disaster Victim Identification (DVI) Software solution –  Police Elimination database solution –  National and international automated search solutions –  specific and automated working mixed stain search solutions –  Hit reporting and administration system –  Y-DNA search tool –  Kin relationship search tool

–  Onlineaccess Interpol Lyon DNA database –  Onlineaccess National DNA databases of more than 20 EU Member states

(Prüm)




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Austria DNA – Hit statistik – National hits Identified Criminals – Solved Crimes

(30th April 2017)




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International DNA database networks




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Austrian international DNA database developments • 2003 – Austria supports Interpol General Secretariat in Lyon by technical / forensic developement of first international central DNA database solution - Interpol DNA Gateway • 2004 – Austria start together with Germany, Netherland, Belgium and Luxembourg the work for creation of a decentralised DNA-, Fingerprint- and Vehicle registration database network – called „Prüm database Network“

• 2005- Austria start operative online cooperation with Interpol DNA database Lyon

• 2005 - Prüm Treaty was signed - Austria and Germany developed „Prüm DNA softwaresolution and workflowprocedures. Netherland write scripts for possible DNA data extraction from old USA CODIS Software




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Austrian international DNA database developments

• 2006 - Operative start between Austria and Germany in „Prüm DNA database Network“

–  Immediate possible clarification of about 2000 serious unsolved crimes –  Seven further EU countries decide to sign the Prüm Treaty

• 2008 – EU Council Resolution that Prüm Treaty should change to binding EU legislation

• 2009 – Austria support FBI in CODIS 7 developement, which implements the „Prüm DNA data match and communication moduls“

• 2010 - Austria and the USA signed the „Agreement on Enhancing Cooperation in Preventing and Combating Serious Crime“(PCSC-Agreement = Prüm like Treaty for online exchange of DNA and dactyloscopic data




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Austrian international DNA database developments • 2016 – Adoption of legal and technical documents by experts of all South East Police Cooperation Convention States (11 Member States of multilateral police cooperation agreement) to create a Prüm like network within Westbalkan Countries.

• 2017 - USA has negotiated with all EU MS and also with states in other continents such „Prüm like treaties“ for online exchange of dactyloscopic data and DNA data.

–  DNA data exchange is suspended presently because of national US legislation

–  Austria is ready for AFIS (fingerprint) online exchange

• 2017 – Prüm system is the most succesful forensic / criminalistic online data exchange system worldwide and will be copied also in other continents




.BK •  Prüm Treaty as a multilateral agreement was signed by Belgium,

Germany, Spain, France, Luxemburg, the Netherlands and Austria on 27 May 2005. Treaty is open for accession by any EU Member State.

•  Prüm Council Decision and the Prüm (Implementing) Decision as a binding European Union legal instrument took affect on 26 August 2008 (Decisions 2008/615/JHA and 2008/616/JHA) –  The Decision shall be applied instead of the corresponding

provisions of the Prüm Treaty (Articel 35 par. 1) –  Binding deadline for the implementation (DNA, AFIS, VRD by 26

August 2011) •  “Prüm like” treaties as: –  Bilateral treaties with USA – Police Cooperation agreement

against Serious Crimes (PCSC) –  Multilateral Treaty with Westbalkan states with South East Police

Cooperation Convention Data Base Network (SEE PCC DBN)




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“Prüm” database Network




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•  Each MS shall establish a national DNA analysis file (database) and shall ensure the availability of the national AFIS for the investigation of criminal offences

•  Separation of reference data (DNA profiles/dactyloscopic data and

reference numbers) from other data (personal data, case information) index data

•  MS have direct access to the databases of another Member State (decentralised database network) automated search functionality within defined deadlines

•  Two-step cooperation:

–  1st step: automated searching or comparison (hit/nohit) with forensic confirmation

–  2nd step: supply of personal data /case data and other information through (judicial or administrative) mutual legal assistance

Biometric data - forms of cooperation




.BK •  DNA: "Kick-off": Search of all open DNA- stain profiles between starting MS (Art. 4 of the

Prüm Treaty / Decision) Ø  Stain to Stain HITS Ø  Stain to Person HITS Ø  but no Person to Person HITS

•  DNA: Ongoing process after initial start : Search each new loaded person and stain profiles (not found a Hit to person in your own national DB) to all MS (Art. 3 Prüm Treaty / Decision)

Ø  All new Stain to Stain HITS Ø  All new Stain to Person HITS Ø  And also all new Person to Person HITS

•  Prüm hits are recognisable in searching and searched country

•  Prüm partner country which is interested on hit starts follow up information exchange (demographic person and case data) • Prüm workflow creates a “virtual central database solution” with possible whole data stock usage from all partner countries (no missed hits)




.BK .BK REPUBLIK ÖSTERREICH BUNDESMINISTERIUM FÜR INNERES

BUNDESKRIMINALAMT

International database concept - centralized solution

e.g. EURODAC, VIS, Interpol DNA database




.BK .BK REPUBLIK ÖSTERREICH BUNDESMINISTERIUM FÜR INNERES

BUNDESKRIMINALAMT

International database structure - decentralized solution

e.g. Prüm DNA, AFIS, vehicle registration




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National DNA databases Europe (47 countries)

1995: 1 1997: 3 1999: 9 2002: 18 2006: 24 2012: 32

2014: 35 2017: 43

Prüm DNA data base network Europe 2017: Operative Prüm countries Not operative Prüm countries EU associated Prüm countries PCC SEE Prüm like countries:




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Ø  solve unsolved crimes and terrorist attacks by identifying unknown

offenders in the DNA or AFIS database of another MS

Ø  link unsolved crimes to unsolved crimes in different MS to the same (yet unidentified) person and movement and composition of criminal organisations

Ø  establish the true identity of a person in different MS (using alias identies) Ø  detect wanted persons for arresting or localisation of whereabouts

Ø  combat and prevent future crimes off such identified persons

Ø  identify unknown death bodies or missing persons

Benefit of this international database cooperation:




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21

Outgoing and incoming DNA searches Target: clarification crimes, composition of OC; movement; manhunding, localisation criminals




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Results




.BK International DNA Statistics Austria Status: 31h December 2016

Ø  traditional incoming requests: 734 hits Ø  Interpol DNA Database: 471 hits (data stock approx. 160.000)

Ø  Prüm DNA Database-Network: (data stock approx. 6.000.000) see follows:

Recognition existing arrest warrant 1305

Recognition existing whereabaut requests 2313

Recognition alias 1097

Prüm DNA Statistics Austria – Results after person – person Hits

Country HIt AT stain/ Foreign

person AT-stain/ Foreign

person AT Person /

Foreign Stain AT-Person /

Foreign person Total 61832 8792 10276 10571 32181 BG 189 40 10 12 127 CY 27 - 6 18 3 CZ 3459 453 186 320 2500 DE 29049 3101 6240 5546 14152 EE 113 34 6 8 65 ES 3742 664 584 813 1681 FI 878 121 117 97 543 FR 7964 1900 1142 1248 3672 HU 2671 366 55 82 2168 LT 615 179 12 42 382 LU 429 73 152 141 63 LV 63 10 22 5 26 MT - - - - - NL 2118 232 422 499 965 PL 432 120 48 58 206 PT 30 1 11 3 15 RO 1132 217 2 9 904 SE 882 145 121 172 444 SI 1776 232 199 247 1098 SK 6263 904 941 1251 3167




.BK Overview 2016 Prüm DNA Statistics Austria 2nd step status 02.05.2017

1. Crimes against live (murder) 2. Crimes against the physical integrity (bdily injuries) 3. Sexual offences 4. Robberies / extortions / deprivation of liberty 5. Crimes against public security 6. Burglaries / aggravated thefts / business theft and theft as member of criminal association 7. other offenes against property and criminal damage 8. Frauds / forgeries and counterfeiting / offences commited b an official in the course of his duties /deception 9. other crime offences 10. Unidentified death bodies 11. Missing persons

Country HIt AT stain/ Foreign

person AT-stain/ Foreign

person AT Person / Foreign

Stain AT-Person / Foreign

person

- 10091 1505 1419 1407 5753

Total Gr.1 Gr.2 Gr.3 Gr.4 Gr.5 Gr.6 Gr.7 Gr.8 Gr.9 Gr.10 Gr.11

- 1388 6 6 6 40 5 1222 69 16 15 - 3

Land Summe Gr.1 Gr.2 Gr.3 Gr.4 Gr.5 Gr.6 Gr.7 Gr.8 Gr.9 Gr.10 Gr.11

- 399 3 1 6 18 1 272 50 13 49 - -

Recognition existing arrest warrant 109 Recognition existing whereabaut requests 181

Recognition alias 25

Explanation: Definition of Criminal offences in groups:

Person identification results after person – person Hits

Solved crimes (Identification of offender) committed in AT

Prüm DNA hits Austria – Total

Solved crimes (Identification of offender) committed in partner MS




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International database structure – future

Symbiosis of centralized and decentralized solution

e.g. Prüm, Prüm like, Eurodac, VIS, SIS, Interpol




.BK Ø  We need furthermore no retired investigators to solve serious crimes

Ø  Crime scene work is meanwhile high professionalized work

Ø  Huge DNA reference data stocks available in national data bases of numerous states

Ø  New sensitive DNA analyse methods allow mostly the enforcement of availibility of DNA stain profiles (e.g. single cell analyse method)

Ø  By systematic usage of national and international data base searches we use existing international DNA reference data stocks for effective identification

Ø  By systematic usage of international Prüm data base cooperation we are able to locate and arrest wanted criminals

Modifications in forensic DNA work last 25 years




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MANY THANKS FOR

ATTENTION Mag. Dr. Reinhard Schmid

Federal Ministry of the Interior

Criminal Intelligence Service Austria Department 6.1 – Central Identification Service

Rossauer Lände 5

A-1090 Wien Phone +43 1 24836 985610 Fax +43 1 24 836 985892 Mobile +43 664 8131949

E-Mail [email protected]




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DISCLAIMER

• Speaker was provided travel and hotel support by Thermo Fisher Scientific for this presentation, but no remuneration

• When used for purposes other than Human Identification or Paternity Testing the instruments and software modules cited are for Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.

• Thermo Fisher Scientific and its affiliates are not endorsing, recommending, or promoting any use or application of Thermo Fisher Scientific products presented by third parties during this seminar. Information and materials presented or provided by third parties are provided as-is and without warranty of any kind, including regarding intellectual property rights and reported results. Parties presenting images, text and material represent they have the rights to do so.

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