From knowledge creation to competence building

with emphasis on SNE-TP and ENEN

Georges VAN GOETHEM

EC DG RTD, Energy (Euratom), Unit J.2 Fission

georges.van-goethem@ec.europa.eu

GoNERI Symposium 2010“For University’s Future in Nuclear Education and Research”

Embedded Workshop on “Networking of Nuclear Education and R&D”

December 7, 2010Takeda Hall, Asano Campus, The University of Tokyo

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Table of contents

1 - Introduction: nuclear fission in the «energy – climate change» strategy

2 – SET-Plan and SNE-TP (with emphasis on ESNII)

3– « European Nuclear Education Network » (ENEN)

4 – Conclusion: networking nuclear research and training in cross-cutting topics

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Computational Sciences

EnvironmentEnergy

Materials

1 – Introduction: nuclear fission in the «energy – climate change» strategy

Stakeholders in nuclear fission and radiation protection

Euratom actions in close synergy with the stakeholders

RTD organisations (e.g., public and private sectors, power and heat applications)

systems suppliers (e.g., nuclear vendors, engineering companies, medical equipment)

energy providers (e.g., electrical utilities, co-generation plants for process heat)

nuclear regulatory bodies and associated technical safety organizations (TSOs)

higher education and training institutions, in particular universities

civil society (policy makers and opinion leaders) and various NGOs

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The overall budget of the Framework Programmes has grown slowly but surely since the first edition, whose budget was on the order of 3.25 billion euros for a period of 4 years; that of the Fifth rose to 15 billion and FP6's total budget was 19.2 billion.

FP7's total budget is 53.3 billion euros for a period of 7 years (which is equal to approximately 5 percentage points of total combined national research budgets).

One of the goals of the EU (Lisbon strategy) was by 2010 to get to the point where total member State allocation to research and R&D from both public and industrial sources would be equal to 3% of GDP, as is the case in Japan and the US, but this objective is still a long way off.

How to better coordinatethe national research and training budgets?

12

5%

95%

: overall budget of the EU Framew ork Programme: total combined national research budgets in the EU

EC budget contribution to the global research effort in the EU

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11.881.34

13.70

1.2617.88

1.3550.52

2.75

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

FP4 (1994-8) FP5 (1998-02) FP6 (2002-06) FP7

EC EURATOM

7 years!

5 years!

€ Billion

Overall budget of the Framework Programmesfrom 1994 to 2011 (all scientific disciplines)

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794

170

271

788

191

281

824

209

319

1947

287

517

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

FP4 FP5 FP6 FP7

Fusion Fission JRC

€ Million

5 years!4 years

Specific Euratom research budgetfrom 1994 to 2011 (nuclear fusion and fission)

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By 2020:

20% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions compared to 1990 levels (30% if global agreement)

20% reduction in global primary energy use (through energy efficiency)

20% of renewable energy in the EU's overall mix

By 2050 : indicative 60 to 80% reduction in GHG

2 – SET-Plan and SNE-TP (with emphasis on ESNII)

8 March 2007: European Summit

European Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET-Plan)

‘Towards a low carbon future’

COM(2007)723 of 22 November 2007

The EU response to the low-carbon technology challenge:

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European Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET-Plan)

• The SET Plan proposes to launch

6 European Industrial Initiatives

− Wind Energy

− Solar Energy

− Biofuels

− Carbon Capture and Storage

− Electricity Networks (Smart grids)

− Nuclear Fission: focus on the development

of Generation IV technologies => ESNII

Fuel cells and hydrogen (JTI on-going)

Fusion (ITER on-going)

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JRC/IE

Wind

Time Horizon

Demand side technologies

Supply side technologies

Transport

Towards Sustainable Energy SystemToday

Energy Efficiencyin Transport

Cogeneration

Carbon Capture& Storage

Biofuels

Hydrogen Cars

Wave

Fusion

2050+

Geothermal Heating

Solar Photovoltaics

Solar Heating & Cooling

Geothermal Power

Concentrated Solar Power

Fission

Energy Efficiency in Industry

(without CHP in industry)

Energy Efficiencyin Buildings

Hydropower

Ch

alle

ng

e fo

r Im

ple

men

tati

on

Potential of technologies

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European NuclearEnergy ForumENEF

High Level Group

ENSREG

Technology Platforms

SNETP and IGDTP

EU platforms for stakeholders in nuclear fission

ENSREG = European Nuclear Safety Regulators Group http://ec.europa.eu/energy/nuclear/ensreg/ensreg_en.htm

ENEF = European Nuclear Energy Forum http://ec.europa.eu/energy/nuclear/forum/forum_en.htm

SNE-TP = Sustainable Nuclear Energy Technology Platform – http://www.snetp.eu/IGD-TP = Implementing Geological Disposal of Radioactive waste - http://www.igdtp.eu/

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Sustainable Nuclear Energy Technology

Platform (SNE-TP)

Launched in Brussels on 21/09/07

A vision reportendorsed by35 European

organisations

www.snetp.eu

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Strategic Research Agenda: 3 pillars of SNE-TP

- Vision Document (September 2007)

- Strategic Research Agenda (May 2009)

- Deployment Strategy (May 2010)

- ESNII concept paper October 2010

www.snetp.eu

ESNII = European Sustainable Nuclear Industrial Initiative

ESNII - Advanced Reactor Systems

• Enhanced resource utilisation

• Competitive economics (Capital & Operating Costs)

• Improved safety features (comparable/better than Gen-III)

• Waste minimisation and reduced “environmental footprint”

• Increased security, safeguarding and proliferation resistance

• Sodium Cooled Fast Reactor (SFR) – reference system

• Lead-cooled Fast Reactor (LFR)

• Gas-cooled Fast Reactor (GFR)

• More information available at http://www.snetp.eu/ http://www.snetp.eu/www/snetp/images/stories/Docs-

ESNI/esnii-concept-paper-2010.pdf

Aims of Gen-IV advanced reactor systems are:

Technologies to be considered as part of ESNII:

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ESNII « Sustainable Fission »

ALLEGRO experimental reactor (GFR)

• Test bed of GFR technologies• Fuel qualification and Minor Actinides transmutation• Flexible fast spectrum material testing reactor• Test of coupling components and high temperature heat applications

SFR Prototype

ASTRID

2008 2012 2020

LFR

SFR

GFR

Supporting infrastructures, research facilitiesloops, testing and qualification benches,

Irradiation facilities incl. fast spectrum facility (MYRRHA)

AND fuel manufacturing facilities

ETPP European Technology Pilot Plant (LFR)

Reference (proven) technology

Alternative technology

2-4 G€

(>500MWe)

600-800 M€

600 + (250-450) M€

750 M€ - 1 G€

600 M€

Total 6 – 10 G€

R&D (15 years) 1,5 - 3 G€

MA fuel micropilot

MOX fuel fab unit

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2008 2020 2044

Selection

Characterisation and

advanced qualification

20202008 2044

2032

2032

Materials Validation

New Materialsdevelopment

First-of-a-kind FRPrototypes / Experimentalfacility operating

Decisions

‘Building’

Pre-normative actions for First-of-kind FR

Pre-N. for commercial plants

** Application of the codes : Contracts between contractors and manufacturers, material procurements, components design and fabrication,…

‘Building’

Pre-N actions for Prototypes

Pro

toty

pes /

Exp

eri

men

tal

Facil

ity

Fir

st-o

f-a-

kin

dF

R

New Materials

Ranking

Decisions

Materials Validation

**

**

Physically based and constitutive modelling

Knowledge management and development of expertise and knowledge

Industrial batches

Validation of models and tools

Pro

toty

pes

Fir

st-o

f-kin

dF

R

Material R&D (SNE-TP):

proposed roadmap (2008 – 2044)

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Management of radioactive waste:• Geological disposal• Partitioning & Transmutation

Management of radioactive waste:• Geological disposal• Partitioning & Transmutation

Key cross-cutting activities:

• Research infrastructures

• Human resources, mobility & training

Key cross-cutting activities:

• Research infrastructures

• Human resources, mobility & training

Radiation protection:• Risk from low doses• Medical uses of radiation• Emergency management

Radiation protection:• Risk from low doses• Medical uses of radiation• Emergency management

Reactor systems:• Nuclear installation safety• Advanced nuclear systems

Reactor systems:• Nuclear installation safety• Advanced nuclear systems

SNE I

TP

IGD-TP

Euratom FP7 fission & radiation protection

MELODI

• Main goals of Euratom education and training

contribute to the sustainability of nuclear energy:through innovation in reactor systems (in particular, Generations III and IV), in waste management (in particular, geological disposal) and in radiation protection (in particular, medical applications of ionising radiations).

contribute to the continuous improvement of nuclear safety culture: competence building (on top of knowledge creation), while at the same time achieving the desired "free movement" of expertise across the European Union.

3 - « European Nuclear Education Network » (ENEN) focus on safety culture and mutual recognition

Mutual recognition: more generally, the free movement of knowledge is called the "fifth freedom" in the EU global policy: it is complementary to the other four "freedoms" of the internal market (people, goods, capital and services).

Definition of education and training

• Education is a basic and life-long learning process broader than training, encompassing the need to maintain

completeness and continuity of expertise across generations essentially a knowledge creation process, involving academic

institutions as suppliers and students as clients => it deals mainly with knowledge (and understanding)

• Training involves learning a particular skill or attitude required to perform a specific job, usually to an established standard

concerned with schooling activities other than regular education programs

essentially a competence building process, involving VET providers and academic experts as suppliers and professionals as clients

=> mostly about skills and attitudes, in addition to knowledge (competencies)

Euratom policy for Education

(knowledge creation)

The ENEN Association

A non profit international organization established on September 22, 2003 under the French law of 1901 and located at CEA-INSTN Paris.

Mission

The preservation and further development of higher nuclear education and expertise in all areas of nuclear fission and radiation protection (education and training)

Composition (as of June 2010)

56 members from 17 EU Member States, plus Switzerland, South Africa, the Russian Federation, Ukraine and Japan)

further international collaboration: partnership agreements (e.g., with ENS, IAEA/ANENT, Canada and WNU) + special agreement with the Joint Research Centre (DG JRC)

Website = http://www.enen-assoc.org/

Mutual recognition of academic grades(European Credit Transfer System / ECTS)

How about mutual recognition of professional qualifications ?(European Credit System for Vocational Education and Training / ECVET)

Other reference for international accreditation = "ANSI / IACET 1-2007 Standard" - "International Association for Continuing Education and Training", created in 1968

MODULAR COURSES AND COMMON QUALIFICATION APPROACH (coherent qualification methodology for the selection criteria of the modules)

ONE MUTUAL RECOGNITION SYSTEM FOR MASTER GRADES(European Credit Transfer and accumulation System [ECTS] of ERASMUS)

MOBILITY FOR TEACHERS AND STUDENTS ACROSS THE EU ("fifth freedom": free movement of knowledge and mutual recognition of diplomas)

FEEDBACK FROM (SCIENTIFIC AND FINANCIAL) "STAKEHOLDERS".(listen to the needs of and involve the "future employers” in education programs)

Reminder: facilitate the access to large RTD infrastructures and to industrial laboratories

- define in detail the needed research infrastructures of common interest, define and provide legal and financial structures for facilitating the access of scientists to existing facilities

- a special effort from the stakeholders is needed regarding internships for learners(an internship is an opportunity to work within an organization to acquire hands-on experience).

Four principles of Euratom education strategy

(ENEN)

Euratom policy for Training(competence building)

REACTORVESSEL

INTERMEDIATE HEAT EXCHANGER (IHX)

MODULE FUELSTORAGE AREA

REACTOR CAVITYCOOLING SYSTEM(RCCS) TANKS

HEAT RECOVERYSTEAM GENERATOR(HRSG)

GENERATOR

L.P. TURBINE

CONDENSERH.P./I.P. TURBINE

COMPRESSOR

GAS TURBINE

MAINTRANSFORMER

RCCS HEADERSAND STANDPIPES

FUEL TRANSFERTUNNEL

SECONDARY GASISOLATION VALVES (TYPICAL)

SECONDARYGAS BYPASS

CONDENSERCOOLING WATER

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RD&DD Stages Definition Contact with Regulators

DesignAuthority

Research 1.Preconceptual Options and ideas Global Principle.

Is the conceptlicensable?

Originator (RTD)

2. Conceptual Viability reportDesign & FuelsRequirements

SystemsIntegration &Assessment

Development 3. Preliminary Performance report

SystemsIntegration &Assessment

Demon-stration

4. Basic Design Demonstration report

First quote.Formal guidance.

Formal license

Discussions.

Vendor

5. Detailed Design Procurement. Vendor

Deployment 6. Final Design User

Innovation cycle for nuclear fission (RD&DD)from preconceptual to final design

… manufacturing, construction, commissioning, operation, decommissioning(100 years for a NPP)

Training in nuclear fission

• Toward a common nuclear safety culture:from knowledge creation to competence building

IAEA definition:• Competence means the ability to apply knowledge, skills and

attitudes so as to perform a job in an effective and efficient manner and to an established standard (Safety Standards Series No. RS-G-1.4 / 2001)

• Knowledge: created in higher education institutions and in research organizations

• Skills and attitudes: result from specific training and on-the-job experience

- target audience of Euratom training: scientists and experts with higher education

- continuous improvement of competencies through borderless mobility and lifelong learning

ECVET is aimed at facilitating the transfer, recognition and accumulation of assessed learning outcomes of individuals on their way to achieving a qualification => “European Passport” or portfolio of learning outcomes

Graduate or young professional :

principal question asked will no longer be:

“what did you do to obtain your degree (or your qualification) ?” but rather:“what can you do now that you have obtained your degree ?”

a new concept: the "learning outcomes“ • to acquire specific competencies in a nuclear sector • defined in terms of knowledge, skills and attitudes• assessed and recognized throughout the EU

European Credit System for Vocational Education and Training (ECVET)

ENEN contributes to the implementation of ECVET in five sectors: health physics (TRASNUSAFE); systems suppliers (ENEN III); safety authorities (ENETRAP II); radwaste agencies (PETRUS II); nuclear chemistry (CINCH)

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4– Conclusion: networking nuclear research

and training in cross-cutting topics

• Safety

• Numerical simulation

• Education & training

• Material research

• Research infrastructures

JHR MTR

Available links

• EU Energy research: http://ec.europa.eu/research/energy/index_en.htm• Euratom Seventh Framework Programme: http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/euratom/home_en.html• Information on FP7 and access to programmes and calls: http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/home_en.html• Euratom Seventh Framework Programme funded projects http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/euratom-fission/library_en.html

• CORDIS publications - http://cordis.europa.eu/fp6-euratom/library_en.html - http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/euratom-fission/library_en.html - Euratom FP6 Research Projects and Training Activities, Volume I-II and III (PDF) - Volume I ftp://ftp.cordis.europa.eu/pub/fp6-euratom/docs/nuclear_fission_eur21228_en.pdf- Volume II ftp://ftp.cordis.europa.eu/pub/fp6-euratom/docs/nuclear_fission_eur21229_en.pdf- Volume III ftp://ftp.cordis.europa.eu/pub/fp7/docs/euratom-fission_eur22385_en.pdf- Euratom FP7 Research Projects and Training Activities, Volume I (PDF) - Volume I ftp://ftp.cordis.europa.eu/pub/fp7/docs/fin-266-euratom-web-jun09v02_en.pdf- Volume II http://ec.europa.eu/research/energy/pdf/euratom-fp7-vol-2.pdf

• Research*eu magazine http://ec.europa.eu/research/research-eu/index_en.html • Strategic Energy Technolog Plan SET-Plan http://ec.europa.eu/energy/technology/set_plan/set_plan_en.htm• FISA 2009 http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/euratom-fission/fisa2009_en.html

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FISA-2009 conference – 22-24 June 2009, Prague http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/euratom-fission/fisa2009_en.html

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fusion SiC

V alloy, ODS steel

F/M steelADS

Proposal for« Materials for nuclear energy »

Material challenges:- High burn-ups- Long service life-time (~ 60 years)-Compatibility with new coolants-- High in-service and off-normal temperatures

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System FUEL MATERIALS STRUCTURAL MATERIALS

  Oxid

e

Metal

Nitrid

e

Carb

ide

Flu

oride (liq

uid

)

Ferritic

Marten

siticS

tainless steel

alloys

Au

stenitic

Stain

less steel alloys

Oxid

e Disp

ersionS

trength

ened

steels

Ni-b

ased alloys

Grap

hite

Refractory alloys

Ceram

ics

Core h

eat-up

accid

ent tem

p.

VHTR P         S - - P P S P 1600

SFR P P       P P P - - - - 750

GFR     S P   P P P P - P P 1200

SCWR Thermal

P         P P S S - - - 750

SCWRFast

P S       P P S S       750

LFR   S P     P P S - - S S 480

MSR         P - - - P P S S 0

Generation IV / Fuels and structures(materials classes selected for Generation IV)

(http://www.gen-4.org/)

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Design of ODS materials for SFR application

The ODS materials are candidate for the cladding tube of the Sodium Fast Reactor (RNR-Na)

In-reactor conditions of use:

• Temperature: 400-650°C

• Irradiation doses: higher than 150 dpa

• Applied stress after 80 000 hours: 100 MPa Phenix cladding tube

Candidate Ferritic / martensitic ODS for SFR

3.1 High Cr Steels and ODS (for cladding of SFR)

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Overview of Candidate Refractory Metals(for electronics, alloying, nuclear power, aerospace, chemicals/catalyst, metal cutting and forming, mining/oil drilling)

Nb, Ta, Mo, W, Re, V Properties:

Very high melting point (2468 °C to 3410 °C); Excellent strength at high temperatures; Exceptional resistance to corrosion; Excellent wear and abrasion resistance; High resistance to thermal shock; Good Electrical and heat conducting properties; Hardness; Excellent radiation shields.

3.2 Refractory alloys

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Carbide and nitride fuel embedded in SiC or TiN matrix Pellets in casing plates SiC/SiC

Carbide and nitride fuel pellets in pins

Primary issues for fuel claddings (FC) Target 60 dpa

High temperature: max 1400°C Mechanical stress from fuel swelling (>200MPa, tensile)

Chemical intraction F/FC (eutectic?) liner needed (W) Tightness (FC porosity), liner needed (W)

FUTURIX-MI (2007-2009?) irradiation campaign (1000°C-40 dpa) completes MATRIX (2006-2009?) at 400-550°C-72dpa on inert

materials (SiC, TiN, SiC/SiC, W)

MATRIX is DOE-CEA Initiatives, FUTURIX-MI and FUTURIX-Concepts are US-Japan-EU International collaborations in support to

GFR fuel/FC development

3.3 Ceramics / composites

(for core and in-vessel components of VHTR and GFR

/ temperature windows where metallic alloys are unfeasible)

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Aggregate

Grain

Dislocation Dynamics

Atoms

Crystalline Plasticity

Macroscopic Plasticity

Continuous Medium

Molecular Dynamics

Design and integrity

Ab Initio Dislocation

Component

0 - ps

Years

Monte Carlo& rate equations

3.4 SIMULATION TOOLS: Understanding, Towards design

Mid and long term issue: to develop physically based modeling with a deep understanding of elementary phenomena in real materials and their evolution with T, irradiation damage, mechanical loading and coolant interaction

Experimental Simulation (charged particle beams)

JANNUSJANNUSIon irradiationsDouble beam

2010 Triple beam

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Focus on ceramic matrix composites

Actually a large number of efforts is devoted to the development of improved SiC/SiC variants in the context of fusion materials-related Programs (EFDA, Broader Approach agreements). Cf/C composites of interest for VHTR “cold” components are much more mature from a fabrication viewpoint.

The main CMC manufacturers in EU are: Snecma in France, Eads, MT Aerospace, AG, SGL and Schunk in Germany, and on a lower scale, FN in Italy.

Manufacturers and their prime candidates must be examined for repeatibility and quality (especially for Cf/C). The properties of SiC/SiC composites appear to be less sensitive to the details of the manufacturing process. Two suppliers’ materials fabricated with high purity β-SiC fibres and the same matrix densification process have shown similar properties. This contrasts with Cf/C composites where minor changes in materials and processing methods by different suppliers can have significant impact on properties.

Current manufacturing capabilities may present practical limitations to the size and shape of components that can be manufactured. For example, it may be difficult and expensive to manufacture a thin-wall, 1500mm diameter, 1200mm long cylindrical liner for the hot duct assembly.

Are they interested to introduce new fabrication lines for new versions? (SiC/SiC)

Inreaction is required between Materials community and manufacturers

Link with European Industrial Initiative Platform

Availability and costs of raw materials especially for SiC/SiC

3.5 Support needs to R&D activities in the field of fabrication / joining / coating

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• SEC(2009) 1295/2• COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT

Accompanying document to the

• COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS

• on Investing in the Development of Low Carbon Technologies

• (SET-Plan)

• A TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP

• Excerpt pp 53-56

SET-Plan A TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP (1/5)

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SET-Plan A TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP (2/5)

• EUROPEAN ENERGY RESEARCH ALLIANCE (EERA)

• Overall objective

• To accelerate the development of new energy technologies in support of the SET-Plan by strengthening, expanding and optimising EU energy research capabilities through the joint realisation of pan-European programmes and the sharing of world-class national facilities in Europe, drawing upon results from fundamental research in order to mature technologies to the point where it can be embedded in industry-driven research.

• Technology innovation objectives

• Achieving Europe's 2020 targets on greenhouse gas emissions, renewable energy and energy efficiency will require the deployment of more efficient and less costly technologies, available today at large but unattractive to the market. If the 2050 vision for complete decarbonisation in the EU is to be seized, actions to develop new energy technologies, through major breakthroughs and to advance these through the innovation chain to the market must be better organised, reinforced and carried out more efficiently.

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SET-Plan A TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP (3/5)

The objectives of the EERA are to:

• 1. Increase energy efficiency and emission reduction potential ……….

• 2. Decrease costs and time to market………………..

Actions

The actions of the EERA comprise two levels:

• (1) Joint Programming and

• (2) linking the EERA programmes to other existing and emerging initiatives.

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SET-Plan A TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP (4/5)

• 1. Joint programming – Joint Programmes will be launched for several areas such as wind energy, PV, CCS, biofuels, CSP, geothermal energy, materials for nuclear energy, and other areas (e.g. smart grids, fuel cells and marine energy, etc).………….

– Materials for nuclear energy: The activities will focus on structural materials for Generation IV reactors. High-chromium-steels, refractory alloys and ceramics/composites were identified as priority areas to undertake joint activities in the field of material development and screening, characterisation, fabrication, pre-normative research and modelling, simulation and experimental validation.…………….

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SET-Plan A TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP (5/5)

• 2. Develop links and sustained partnerships with existing and emerging initiativesThe EERA aims to accelerate the development of new energy technologies by building upon the results of fundamental research and maturing technology development to a stage where it can be embedded in industry driven research.Therefore, close links with both industry driven research as well as fundamental research are key elements in the success of the EERA.

2.1 Link to industry and industry driven research. ……………..2.2 Link to universities and fundamental research. …………….2.3 Cooperation with non-EU leading research institutes. ……………….2.4 Collaboration with the SET-Plan Information System (SETIS). ………………………….

Indicative Costs (2010 – 2020)Preliminary estimates by the Alliance to undertake and sustain the necessary joint programmes addressing the technologies of today, to better these for market take-up and innovate for the technologies of tomorrow show that an additional investment of about 500 million euros per year is required to complement the activities based on Member State funding.