from industrial experience to system architecting...
TRANSCRIPT
From Industrial Experience to System ArchitectingKnow-how
by Gerrit Muller University of South-Eastern Norway-NISEe-mail: [email protected]
www.gaudisite.nl
Abstract
The system design process in an industrial setting is illustrated by the devel-opment flow of a Medical Imaging Workstation. The role of the architect andthe architecting method is explained.The goals of the Gaudí project are elaborated. In summary the goal is to developsystems architecting as a discipline. Questions addressed are: How to doresearch in this field? What are the challenges to do the research in a scientificway. The education of architects is also part of the development of this discipline.Although a lot of activity has already been done in related fields a lot still has tobe done to develop the discipline Systems Architecting.
Distribution
This article or presentation is written as part of the Gaudí project. The Gaudí projectphilosophy is to improve by obtaining frequent feedback. Frequent feedback is pursued by anopen creation process. This document is published as intermediate or nearly mature versionto get feedback. Further distribution is allowed as long as the document remains completeand unchanged.
September 6, 2020status: draftversion: 0.3
logoTBD
From Industry to Research
CT
OSS
NM
X-ray
MR EasyVision
ma
na
ge
r syste
m
en
gin
ee
rin
g
Gaudí
1980 1990 2000
Philips Medical ASMLPhilips NatLab
ESI
industrial experience researchtime pressure
cost constraints
pragmatics
products
sales reflection
evidence
exposurelots of people
education
Bu
ske
rud
From Industrial Experience to System Architecting Know-how2 Gerrit Muller
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Gaudí Project Goals
• Consolidate existing Systems Architecting Methods
• Make the Systems Architecting art more accessible
• Enable the education of (future) System Architects
• Research new or improved Systems Architecting Methods
evaluate, reflect, generalize
case descriptions
curriculum, course material
industry as laboratory
From Industrial Experience to System Architecting Know-how3 Gerrit Muller
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FIESAgaudiGoals
Easyvision serving three URF examination rooms
EasyVision: Medical Imaging WorkstationURF-systems
typical clinical
image (intestines)
From Industrial Experience to System Architecting Know-how4 Gerrit Muller
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MSeasyVision
X-ray rooms with Easyvision applied as printserver
ExaminationRoom
ControlRoom
ReadingRoom
Corridoror closet
ExaminationRoom
ControlRoom
printer
light box
detector
X ray
source console
From Industrial Experience to System Architecting Know-how5 Gerrit Muller
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XRayRoomsPlusPrintServer
Radiologist workspots and activities
activities of the radiologist
ExaminationRoom
dictation
room
supervision
of the
examination
view and
diagnose,
dictate report
verify and
authorise
report
auto-
loader
light-box
From Industrial Experience to System Architecting Know-how6 Gerrit Muller
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MISactivitiesRadiologist
Diagnosis in tens of seconds
tens of seconds
auto-
loader
light-box
films loaded by
clinical personnel
during the day
looks at
images
moves head
forward / backward
moves head or eyes
left/right/up/down
zoom in overview
image selection, panning
mumbles a few
Latin words or
clinical codes
in recorder
presses
next button
new
film
s
old
film
s
report
From Industrial Experience to System Architecting Know-how7 Gerrit Muller
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MISdiagnosis
Typical case URF examination
exam
room 1
exam
room 3
exam
room 2
image production: 20 10242 8 bit images per examination
3 examination rooms connected to
examination room: average 4 interleaved examinations / hour
film production: 3 films of 4k*5k pixels each
1 medical imaging
workstation + printer
high quality output
(bi-cubic interpolation)
From Industrial Experience to System Architecting Know-how8 Gerrit Muller
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Comparison screen copy versus optimized film
old: screen copy
20 to 50% less film needed
new: SW formatting
From Industrial Experience to System Architecting Know-how9 Gerrit Muller
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MedicalImagingFilmComparison
Architecting = creating an architecture
preceding architecture architecting architecture
PCP team
architect, project leader,
engineers,
product manager
problem knowledge
solution knowledge
business context
technology context
human context
legend
stakeholdersexpectations, needs,
concerns, constraints
From Industrial Experience to System Architecting Know-how10 Gerrit Muller
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WARCHarchitecting
Architecting EasyVision
architecting
business context
technology context
human context
problem know how
URF examinations,
diagnosis, radiology,
lightbox, fim, report
preceding architecture
common viewing
solution know how
Unix, Objective-C, data
base, image processing,
TCP/IP, OO, memory man.
constraints
cost, skills, time
stakeholders
radiologist, nurse,
patient
architecture
EasyVision
& multi-view
description
legendPCP team
skilled
independent
SW designers
From Industrial Experience to System Architecting Know-how11 Gerrit Muller
version: 0.3September 6, 2020FIESAarchitecting
Architecture = tangible (internal) + intangible (external)
performance behaviour functionality
by all stakeholders
the perception of,
experience with,
the system in all phases of
the system life-cycle
external
structure constructioninternal
From Industrial Experience to System Architecting Know-how12 Gerrit Muller
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WARCHarchitecture
EasyVision Architecture
shared code
UI process
database server
print server
DOR server
communication server
UNIX commands
compute server
system monitor
ASW total
UNIX Solaris 2.x
file cache
total
obj data
3.0
3.2
1.2
2.0
2.0
0.2
0.5
0.5
12.6
bulk data
12.0
3.0
9.0
1.0
4.0
0
6.0
0
35.0
code
11.0
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
13.4
total
11.0
15.3
6.5
10.5
3.3
6.3
0.5
6.8
0.8
61.0
10.0
3.0
74.0
memory budget in Mbytes
memory
budget
image
quality
context
construction
decomposition
user interfacecommunicatio
n
data base
expo
rtprint
optical
storage
optical
disk
drive
printerdisk drivenetwor
k
UI
devicessystem
monitorUnix
daemo
ns
remote
systems
and users
user
X-ray system
image
generati
on
pres
en-
tation
monitor
film
network,
storage
Easyvision
applicati
on
processi
ng pres
en-
tation
monitor
film
network,
storage
3rd
party
workstati
on
monitor
SW
processes
processing
pipeline
DSI
3MR
C
Desk, cabinets, cables, etc.
Standard IPX workstationDORHC
interf
RC
interf
SunOS
NIXRC
drive
r
HC
drive
r
DOR
drive
r
Spoo
l
H
C
U
St
or
e
Imag
e
Gf
xUI DB
PMS
- net
in
PMS
- net
out
Medical Imaging R/F
Start
up
Insta
ll
Confi
g
SW
keys
servi
ce
dev.
toolsPrint Store
View
Cluster
3 exam rooms 3 films/exam contrast autoprint autostorage
clinical details
external
internal
by all stakeholders
the perception of,
experience with,
the system in all phases of
the system life-cycle
From Industrial Experience to System Architecting Know-how13 Gerrit Muller
version: 0.3September 6, 2020FIESAarchitecture
The business context of architecting methods
product creation
BusinessArchitecting
method
People
Process
Organisation
sets targets
supports
supports
fits in
enables
perform
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PBUSScontext
Internal stakeholders
product creation
BusinessArchitecting
method
People
Process
Organisation
sets targets
supports
supports
fits in
enables
perform
policy and planningbusiness, marketing,
operational managers
product creationproject leader, product
manager, engineers,
suppliers
customer-orientedsales, service, production,
logistics
people, process,
and technology
capability managers,
technology suppliers
From Industrial Experience to System Architecting Know-how15 Gerrit Muller
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WARCHinternalStakeholders
Context of Architecting Method Research
methodmethodsystem
system context
users
customers
designers
manufacturer
suppliers
managers
architect
architectingarchitecting
thought
processes
methodresearch
report
method research
legend
specific
tangible
ill defined
intangible
From Industrial Experience to System Architecting Know-how16 Gerrit Muller
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ARMcontext
Spectrum of sciences
hard soft
mathematics physics medicine human
sciences
prove prediction statistics descriptive
reasoning
charlatan
handwaving
architecting methods
example: security
crypto biometric identification human
factor
certainty confidence evidence
based
plausible convincing
no science
soft science
hard science
legend
From Industrial Experience to System Architecting Know-how17 Gerrit Muller
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MSarchitectureAndScience
Soft problems can be approached with a scientific attitude
make explicit
substantiate
try to validate
research question
hypothesis
heuristics
principles
facts
analysis
evaluate
open debate
body of knowledge
cases
soft is not in conflict with scientific attitude
From Industrial Experience to System Architecting Know-how18 Gerrit Muller
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RORMscientificAttitude
Systematic Know-how to cope with Growing Complexity
creative
systematic
repeated
creative
systematic
creative
systematic
more
performance
and functionality
causes more
complexity
and requires
more effort
active work on
systematic methods
reduces effort and
the need for a lot of
creative effort
systematic methods
new creative
year X year X+4 year X+4
From Industrial Experience to System Architecting Know-how19 Gerrit Muller
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RORMimpact
Research of Architecting Methods
hypothesis
with criteria
research question
apply and validate
case
descriptions
evaluation
of results
From Industrial Experience to System Architecting Know-how20 Gerrit Muller
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ARMevaluationSimple
Technology Management Cycle
Applicationof technology
Consolidationof know how
Explorationof new ideas
Literature search
Creative option generation
Try out
Industry as laboratory
Reflection
Write articles
Create courses
From Industrial Experience to System Architecting Know-how21 Gerrit Muller
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ARMtechnologyManagementCycle
Moving in the meta direction
Applicationof technology
Consolidationof know how
Explorationof new ideas
archi-
tecting
method
meta0
bottom line:
product
creation
meta1
enabling:
architecting
method
meta2
pro-active:
research of
architecting
method
meta3
scientific foundation:
method to research
architecting methods
architecting
method research
research
method
From Industrial Experience to System Architecting Know-how22 Gerrit Muller
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ARMmeta
System ?= Multi-disciplinary
mono-
disciplinary
design
multi-
disciplinary
design
system
evolvability
process
organization, people
reliabilityperformancecost
robustness
multi-objective
design methods multi-objective
design methods
performance and
resource prediction
single aspect
design method
VHDL RMAUML
hybrid
methods YAPI
process
issues
well defined
well defined
but soft
rather soft
legend
Mechanical Engineering Electrical Engineering Software Engineering
ES
I fo
cu
s
From Industrial Experience to System Architecting Know-how23 Gerrit Muller
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FIESAmethodLayers
The context of architecting
natural system architect habitat
system
architecting
classical disciplines
mathematics, physics, chemistry,
biology, medicine, economics,
computer science,
mechanical engineering,
electronical engineering
management disciplines
technology management,
business management,
process management,
quality assurance,
project management
standardisation bodies,
professional societies
IEEE, ISO, ACM, IFIP, INCOSE
communities, conferences
requirements engineering,
reliability engineering,
product lines,
SW architecting,
TRIZ,
RUP
human sciences
psychology
sociology
pedagogy
anthropology
theology
From Industrial Experience to System Architecting Know-how24 Gerrit Muller
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FARcontext
System architecting research: to do
frame of reference
taxonomy
glossary
framework
ontology
objectives
heuristics
principles
case studies methods
reliable
systemslowest cost
design for
testability
fast
innovation
secure
systems
maximum
performance
industry as
laboratorylarge scale
research
From Industrial Experience to System Architecting Know-how25 Gerrit Muller
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FARtodo
Curriculum system architecting
ESA
SW
Execution
architecture
SARCH
ESA stakeholders
available
missing
external
architecture school
root
technical
know-how
generalist
technical
know-how
business, application insight
process insight
psycho-social
skills
apply theory
in practice
become
all-round
experience the
non-technical aspects
see every human
as an individual
System
design
methods
Bredemeyer
SW architecture
Architectural
reasoning
ESA
systemESA
silicon
ESA
mechatronics
marketing, processand many more
Bredemeyer -
Role of the architect
Thomas Gilb - EVO,
requirements eng
mathematics
physics
chemistry
mechanical
engineering
computer
science
electronical
engineering
conventional
curriculums
advanced
SARCH
reliability engineering
QFD and more
legend
From Industrial Experience to System Architecting Know-how26 Gerrit Muller
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FARcurriculumSA
Courses based on Gaudí Material
System Architecture
Embedded Systems
Architecting; Stakeholders
Requirements Engineering
as part of OOTI curriculum
SARCH
ESA
OOTI
5
3
5
16
12-18
16
architects
stakeholders of architects
potential architects
post-doctoral students
Ab
bre
via
tio
n
Du
ratio
n
(in
da
ys)
Pa
rtic
ipa
nts
pe
r co
urs
e
Target audienceCourse
Management SARCH MSARCH 2 16 management teams
Embedded Systems
contextEScontext 4 30 masters students
Execution Architecture
(with Ton Kostelijk)
EXARCH
ASP4..5 16
SW designers
architects
Multi-Objective System
Architecting and Design
System Modeling and
Analysis
MOSAD
MA611
3..5
3..5
designers
architects
designers
architects16
16
From Industrial Experience to System Architecting Know-how27 Gerrit Muller
version: 0.3September 6, 2020GaudiCourseTable
Status of Courses
nu
mb
er
of
co
urs
es u
pto
Ma
rch2
00
8
ap
pr.
to
tal
pa
rtic
ipa
nts
System Architecture
Embedded Systems
Architecting; Stakeholders
Requirements Engineering
as part of OOTI curriculum
SARCH
ESA
OOTI
44
20
7
660
125
300
Ab
bre
via
tio
n
Course
Management SARCH MSARCH 7 72
Embedded Systems
contextEScontext 3 90
16011Execution Architecture
(with Ton Kostelijk)
EXARCH
ASP
Multi-Objective System
Architecting and Design
System Modeling and
Analysis
MOSAD
MA611
3
2 16
36
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GPcourseStatus
Gaudí Systems Architecting
http://www.gaudisite.nl/index.html
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