from ecological restoration to ecosystem services in urban beaches
TRANSCRIPT
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FROM ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION TO
ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
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ES concept shedding light on governance of complex environments: the case of urban dunes
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Exemplar description:
A hot-spot in terms of:• Administrative environment• Social and economic activity• Ecosystems and beach
morphodynamics
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1990
2004
2007-16
Disruption of natural longshore sand transport processes
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From 1990 wind is unable to construct dunes
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Dunes become stabilized, sand accretion disappears and Ammophila degenerates and disappear (Van der Putten 1998, 2013).
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Intensive cultural use throughout the year
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The effect on property prices probably being of much higher dimension than touristic activity
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So, the contents for the blueprint protocol were clear
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Departure point for the AMB administration:learn to construct dunes and to maintain them because they are a beautiful instrument of brandscaping, a hot-spot of biodiversity, and protect coastline and its economic activity from storms and sea level rise
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So, what’s the difference with ecological restoration?
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The difference is that ecosystem services concept is really an explicit management tool
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Physical processes & dune construction
As we discovered that wind still keeps it’s ability to erode dunes
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Physical processes & dune construction
We have learned which one is the prevailing constructing-eroding wind
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Physical processes & dune construction
We have developed a new system to transform marram grass plantings into efficient sand-trapping systems
Marram grass as natural capital (dune builder)
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Physical processes & dune construction
As LIDAR and satellite images has become so precise
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Physical processes & dune construction
We are modelling 2100 scenarios for Sea Level Rise for different processes
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Physical processes & dune construction
And we have been able to cross and analyse different parameters
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Physical processes & dune constructionSome explicit spatial relationships between emerged sand volume and beach width (surface of beach cells corresponding to 100m segments).
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Physical processes & dune construction
A precise cartography of where the beach width is not enough to keep 5m2/person (and maximum measured densities of 500 persons/100m beach length).
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Physical processes & dune construction
A precise cartography of where the beach is short of emerged sand
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Physical processes & dune construction
Where are located regression processes from 2004
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Physical processes & dune construction
Where there is not enough height to prevent washover
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Physical processes & dune construction
A precise distribution of flood events and where there is a loss of sand volume
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Physical processes & dune construction
Combining all those negative factors
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Physical processes & dune construction
And crossing this information with the highest measured densities of sun-bathers
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Physical processes & dune construction
And with dwelling density. Our model shows over 16,000 dwellings. If each one has an average price of 200.000,00€ total worth is 3.200.000.000,00 €
If the impact of loss of beach quality on property prices can be millionary!
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Socio-cultural and economic processes
We have done stakeholder mapping
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Socio-cultural and economic processes
Cartographies of intensity of use along the year
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Socio-cultural and economic processes
Some obvious correlations
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Socio-cultural and economic processes
Some big trade-offsAn average dog produces daily 0,3kg of solid excrements and 0,75 ltrs of urine.
Dog excrements are a dangerous source of Esterychia coli. Some of the strains being resistant to antibiotics. E coli is main source of cystitis. There are more than 5,000 dogs visiting daily the beaches
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Socio-cultural and economic processesSome solutions to other trade-offs
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Socio-cultural and economic processesSome solutions to other trade-offs
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Socio-cultural and economic processesThe role of social networks as a source of information and to generate conversations
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Governance and administrative processesThe Metropolitan Administration of Barcelona has to provide beaches with dry and clean sand. So flood and erosion risks is a big issue.
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Governance and administrative processes
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Governance and administrative processes
As the model is not functioning, each year a million euros is spent just accumulating sand where is not needed and without preventing coastal erosion.
The AMB keeps struggling with a shifting coastline and without legal instruments to solve the problems.
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Governance and administrative processesThere is one engineering company funded by the central administration which does more than 90% of coastal defence and dune management projects.
So, in a regime of monopoly innovation is very limited and efficiency efforts inexistent.
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A retraslocation of only 6.000m3 of emerged sand has proved to be much more efficient & effective
A proposal made by us and executed by coastal administration is working quite well!
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And a previous project done at Calafell (50km south) beach will work at Castelldefels.
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Adaptive management of emerged sand & constructed ecosystems
So, a tiny plant can compete and win over conventional and expensive methods of coastal defence.
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So, Ecosystem services concept can be quite useful for the decision environment of complex landscapes