from down under to top center: australia, the united states, and this century's special relationship

8/6/2019 From Down Under to Top Center: Australia, the United States, and this Century's Special Relationship

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From Down Under to op CenterAustralia, the United States,

and this Centurys Special Relationship

ransatlantic Academy Paper Series

May 2011

I k R *Research Fellow, ransatlantic Academy

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4/31

From Down Under to op Center 1

As the worldscenter of gravity

shifts from Westto East, Australiasposition has

swiveled fromdown underto top centerin terms of

geopoliticalimport.

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Executive Summary


5/31

ransatlantic Academy2

In the future, Australia may

well prove to bea bridge betweenthe United States

and Indonesia,as well as other Southeast Asian

and Oceanic states, thusbecoming a

central link in achain of inter-

state cooperation.

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Transatlantic Academy4

In reality, far frombeing a source

of existentialmalaise,

Australias very liminality, or

location at theintersection of two

worlds, is whathas become its

greatest virtue ata time when theworlds attention

shifts to Asia.

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Figure 1: Australias geographic position.


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From Down Under to Top Center 5

Australia will bedrawn into the eyeof the storm incoming decades.

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9/31

Transatlantic Academy6

Australian defenseanalysts are

concerned over the lack of bases

between Perthand Darwin and

fret over how ripe the region is

for great power rivalry, most

notably betweenIndia and China.

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strengthen cooperation in a wide range of security and related areas including counter-terrorism,defense, disarmament and non-proliferation, and maritime security . N v h , h

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Sinking Paradigms: Continental Defense versusOffshore PresenceA g b g

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26

The Evolution of Australias

Strategic Culture2

Figure 3: Major battles or campaigns in the Paci c inWorld War II.

Australian strategic cultureis both fascinating and riddledwith complexity,a labyrinth of intersecting and interrelatedparadoxes.


11/31


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It should be stated that thedebate that has

raged betweencontinentalistsor minimalists

and thoseadvocating a more

vigorous forwardpresence has

had a profoundimpact on defense

procurement andhas frequently straitjacketed

Australian force structure and

capabilities.


12/31


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The latest whitepaper comesat a time of unparalleledconcern in Asia,and in Australia,over the risks

surrounding Chinas rise.


13/31


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Figure 5: New Canberra Class of Australian Amphibious Assault Ship: thelargest ship ever built for the Australian Navy, the rst of which will becommissioned in 2014. Source of image: Australian MOD

While navalpower seeks first

and foremost torule the waves,

maritime power calls for action

from the sea inorder to influence

happeningson land.


14/31


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MAJOR ACQUISITION PLANSC y P w d S bm

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Australias surge innaval capabilities

should thereforenot be viewedthrough a bluntly navalistic prism,but rather as apragmatic attemptto emerge as awell-rounded hard- hitting amphibiouspower in the

Asia-Pacific.


15/31


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The goal behind Australias

defense postureis not to provoke

China towardsconflict,however,

but rather to havethe wherewithal to

deter any form of Chinese military

adventurism inthe event that

it becomesaggressively

expansionist.


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17/31


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Figure 6: Conventional anti-access capabilities. The PLAsconventional forces are currently capable of striking targets wellbeyond Chinas immediate periphery. Not includes are rangesfor naval surface- and sub-surface-based weapons, whoseemployement at distances from China would be determined bydoctrine and the scenario in which they are employed.

Responding tothis changing

environment, theUnited States

is radically rethinking itsdoctrine and

force posturein the WPTO.


18/31


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What kind of concrete rolecould one expect

Australia to play in the eventof a conflictwith China?


19/31


3 ,48

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Australias greatest asset is

its strategic depth,due to its distancefrom Chinas short

and intermediaterange missiles,

and its vastcontinentallandmass.


20/31


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Australias strategic depthcould also play toits disadvantage,however, if itsdistance fromthe Chinesemainland preventsit from providing any significant

support to alliedoperations interms of long- range strike.


21/31


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Australia and theUnited States

may be presentedwith a situation

in which they have no choice

but to divide their areas of operation

when confrontedwith a growing Chinese navy.


22/31


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AUSTRALIAS AIRSEA BATTLE ROLE


23/31


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Conclusion:

This Centurys Special Relationship?4

Canberrasnew special

relationship withWashington is

one that will bothbe attuned to

the realities of an Asia-Pacific

century andhelp define it.


24/31


S : G B ,Te yranny o Distance-How Distance Shaped Australias History, M E , L , 975, 3

S H g ,Te Clash o Civilizations and the Remaking o World Order , S S ,N Y k, 996, 58

3 R A H gg K R N , TI P L : R gA A -P , Australian Journal o Political Sciences, , V 3 , 997, 69- 85

4 M Ev , T D :

A S g C W W , 9 -5, A L W S C ,5 Av b g v /

/LWSC/P b /SP/SP_3 6 5 C A , D gA A P C : F 3 (C b : M 9), v b g v / /

6 AirSea Battle: A Point-o -Departure Operational Concept , C S g B g A , 8 M ,

, v b :// bg/4P b /P bL b /

7 S B A B g , O : A I O , A

S g P I , M , v b g / b / b -

_ x? 48 338 S G B g

b v q g Sea o Dangers: Captain Cook and his

European Rivals, V k g, M b , 8, 49 S J G , A Military History o Australia,C b g U v P , 8, 45Ib

S B R g W ,Te Making o the Australian Commonwealth 1899-1900, A Stage inthe Growth o the Empire, L g , G C L , 9 3, 5

M Ev , T D :A S g C W W ,9 - 5, A L W S

C , 5, 9 Av b g v / /LWSC/P b /SP/

SP_3 6 3 N S A v D , qb R L zz T C q : H A b S g R Ob F g P ,TeNew Yorker , M E

4 Q b R L zz T C q :H A b S g R Ob F gP ,Te New Yorker , M E

5 Quadriennal De ense Review Report , U SD D , F b , 8R v b :// g v/q /q 9j

6 6 S : A Cooperative Strategy or 21st CenturySeapower , U S D D , O b

7, 9 R v b :// v //M g

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8 S S B A B g , O : A I O ,

A S g P I , M , 33 R v b g / b -

/ b _ x? 489 J B g , L k g W : A

I O Te Monthly , A g 9,v b ://

/ - -j -b g - k g-

- - - - - 85 ? g =C

Endnotes5


25/31


S B A B g , O : A I O , A - S g P I , M , 4 ,

v b g / b / b -_ x? 48

Ib

S R M , A I : H A v L I I P ,M , v b

g/P b ? = 933 S I k R , K g D g

B : I C -C C A Asian Security Journal , V 5, I ,M -J 9

4 F k B z , M A : I g g S N H , M S ,M -J 995, 9- 6

5 F C A A L GF k H k g, q b M Ev T D : A S gC W W , 9 - 5, AL W S C , 5, 9 Av -

b g v / /LWSC/P b /SP/SP_3 6

6 M Ev , T D :A S g C W W ,

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