from confederation to federal union chapter 5 section 2 essential question: how did the constitution...
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From Confederation to Federal Union
Chapter 5 Section 2Essential Question: How did the
Constitution form to what is today’s federal government?
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Constitutional Convention• Delegates from all
states was called in Philadelphia to rewrite the Articles of Confederation
• May 14, 1787• Most delegates
were wealthy and well educated
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Virginia Plan• Edmund Randolph of Virginia
purposed this plan
• Shifted political power away from the states and toward the central government.
• Idea of Federalism- division of powers between a strong central government and the state governments.
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Virginia Plan• Called for Federal Government
to be made up of three branches–Executive
–Judicial
–Legislative
• Legislature would be bicameral–Made up of two houses
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Virginia Plan• The Virginia Plan purposed that
representation would be made in the following way:– Voters would elect representatives to the
lower house, who would then choose members of the upper house
– State populations would determine the number of representative in each house.
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New Jersey Plan• William Paterson
purposed the New Jersey Plan
• This provided for a strong unicameral (or one house) legislature
• Each state would have
one vote in
representation
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The Great Compromise• Neither the Virginia Plan or
the New Jersey Plan was completely accepted by the delegates
• Roger Sherman purposed a plan for the following:– Two house legislature– Allow for both equal
representation and representation based on population
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The Great Compromise• Granted each state regardless
of size, an equal voice in the upper house–Which house is this?
• In the lower house, representation would be according to population–Which house is this?
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Three Fifths Compromise
A debate over whether slaves
should be counted as part
of a state's population to
determine representation.
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Three Fifths Compromise• This issue split the northern and
southern states because this was a personal issue to both states
• The final accepted compromise was established that only three fifths of a state’s slave population would count in determining its representation.
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Compromises over Commerce • Northern delegates favored giving the
national government the power to regulate all trade with foreign nations and among the states
• Southern economy depended on exports of rice, tobacco, and other products to Europe and to the northern states
• Southerners feared that if the national government imposed tariffs or taxes on imports and exports, overseas buyers would have to pay more for the southerner agricultural products.
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Commerce Compromise
Delegates finally agreed that Congress could levy tariffs on
imports but not on exports.
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Slave Trade• Planters worried
that Congress might use its power to tax imports to restrict the slave trade
• Delegates voted to permit the importation of slaves until the end of 1807.
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Ratification of the Constitution
• Each state had to ratify or approve the Constitution
• This process brought two sides to this debate:– Federalists- who were for a strong central
(federal) government– Anti-federalists- who were for afraid of a
strong central (federal) government
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Federalists• Wealthy, merchants, planters, and
lawyers• Thought that a strong central
government would ensure a strong currency and protect property rights
• Published their arguments for the Constitution in The Federalist Papers.
• Their leaders were: John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, and James Madison
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Anti-federalists• Claimed the Constitutional Convention had
gone too far with rewriting the Articles of Confederation
• States rights would be destroyed by this Constitution
• The Constitution resembled a Monarchy
• Election procedures (electors-electoral college) did not let the people select the president.
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Bill of Rights• The U.S. Constitution did not
contain a bill of rights, or a document describing the civil liberties, or individual rights, that a government promises its citizens.
• Anti-Federalists agreed to ratify the Constitution if a Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution.