THE CODEX RIZAL RESOURCES: This section is a list of online academic resources that contain a comprehensive biography of José Rizal, a compilation of his writings, various analyses on his life and legacy, and images related to the national hero. This list has been compiled to provide a wide range of information sources on the life and works of José Rizal.

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http://www.admu.edu.ph/central/archives/joserizal.htm– Ateneo de Manila‘s website provides a short biography of a young Rizal‘s time at the Ateneo Municipal.

http://dapitan.com/rizalsadapitaninsert.htm– This web page narrates Rizal‘s exile in Dapitan.

http://www.geocities.com/cavitesu/rizpage.htm– Created by students from Cavite State University, this website contains articles written about Rizal as well as translations of his essays.

http://www.geocities.com/mcc_joserizal/– This website provides a compilation of articles about Rizal‘s life, from childhood to his death, along with the reform movement as well as his famous works.

http://joserizal.info/–This website pays tribute to Rizal‘s life and writings. Aside from his biography and works, it offers various educational materials for Rizaliana Studies.

http://www.joserizal.ph/–Maintained by Jose Rizal University, joserizal.ph contains various information on the national hero: a short biography of Rizal, historical context of his various writings, and a short list of his artworks.

http://joserizal1.tripod.com/id7.html– Rizal: Sa Ispatlayt provides a short biography of Rizal and detailed summaries of his works.

http://www.knightsofrizal.org/html/rizal.html–Maintained by the Order of the Knights of Rizal, this site contains a short biography of the late martyr.

http://pages.prodigy.net/manila_girl/rizal/– This website features various images that are related to Rizal and his family.

http://www.pantas.ph/lit-elib/rizal.html — Pantas.ph provides a short biography of Rizal with free eBooks of some of his translated literary texts such as Noli me Tangere, El Filibusterismo, and Ultimo Adios.

http://opmanong.ssc.hawaii.edu/pdfdownloads/rizal.pdf– Dr. Floro Quibuyen‘s study of Rizal entitled ―Rizal and the Revolution‖ explores and discusses various myths about Rizal‘s role in Philippine history.

http://www.schillerinstitute.org/educ/hist/rizal.html– An article on Rizal‘s life and legacy is featured in the webpage of the Schiller Institute dedicated to Rizal.

http://www.rizal.it/– This website by Vasco Caini translates some of Rizal‘s Spanish writings into Italian.

http://www.univie.ac.at/Voelkerkunde/apsis/aufi/jorizal.htm– The University of Vienna‘s website presents a brief biography of the hero and features various images of him as well as his travels.

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SELECTED READINGS

Alip, Eufronio M. José Rizal the Educator. Manila: Alip and Sons, 1957.

Almario, Virgilio S. Si Rizal Nobelista: Pagbasa sa Noli at Fili bilang Nobela. Diliman, Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press, 2008.

Anderson, Benedict R. Under Three Flags: Anarchism and the Anti-colonial Imagination. London: Verso, 2005.

Arcilla, José S. Rizal and the Emergence of the Philippine Nation. Quezon City: Office of Research and Publications, Ateneo de Manila University. 1991.

Bantug, Asunción López-Rizal. Indio Bravo: Story of Rizal. Makati: Tahanan Books for Young Readers, 1997.

Batungbacal, José. The Mistrial of Dr. José Rizal. Manila: Oscol Educational Publishers, 1949.

Blumentritt, Ferdinand. Biography of Dr. José Rizal. Traducción inglesa del original alemán por Howard W. Bray. Singapur: Kelly & Walsh, 1898.

Brillantes, Gregorio C. Looking for José Rizal in Madrid: Journeys, Latitudes, Perspectives, Destinations. Diliman: University of the Philippines Press, 2004.

Capino, Diosdado G. Rizal’s Life, Works, and Writings: Their Impact on our National Identity. Quezon City: JMC Press, 1977.

Cavanna y Manso, Jesús Ma., C.M. Rizal and the Philippines of his days. Manila: [n.p.], 1957. ———. Rizal’s Unfading Glory: A Documentary History of the Conversion of Dr. José Rizal. Manila: [n.p.], 1983.

Coates, Austin. Rizal: Philippine Nationalist and Martyr. Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, 1986. Reprint, Manila: Solidad Publishing House, 1992.

Constantino, Renato. Veneration Without Understanding. Quezon City: Malaya Books, 1969.

Craig, Austin. Lineage, Life and Labors of José Rizal. With supplementary articles by Wilson Y. Lu Flores on the Chinese family tree and immigrant ancestors of Dr. José Rizal. Manila: Tulay Foundation Inc., 2002. ———. Filipinos Fight for Freedom. Manila: Oriental Commercial Co. Reprint, New York: AMS Press, 1973. ———. The Story of Rizal. Manila: Philippine Education Publishing Co., 1909. Crisostomo, Isabelo T. Twilight of a Hero and Other Works on Rizal. Quezon City: New Day Publishers, 1999.

De Veyra, Jaime, ed. Poesías de Rizal. Manila: Bureau of Printing, 1946.

Del Carmen, Vicente F. Rizal, An Encyclopedic Collection. Quezon City: New Day Publishers, 1982.

De la Costa, Horacio, ed. Trial of Rizal. 1961. Reprint. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 1996.

DeWitt, Howard A. José Rizal: Philippine Nationalist as Political Scientist. Dubuque: Kenda/Hunt, 1998.

Fajardo, Reynold S. Dimasalang: The Masonic Life of Dr. José Rizal. [Manila: n.p., 1998].

Gagelonia, Pedro A. Man of the Century: Biography of José Rizal. Manila: Villanueva Publishing, Inc., [1964].

Guerrero, León Ma. The First Filipino: A Biography of Rizal. With introduction by Carlos Quirino. Manila: National Historical Institute, 2001.

Guevarra, Antonio Mendoza. History of One of the Initiators of the Filipino Revolution. Translated by O.D. Corpuz. Manila: National Historical Commission, 1988.

Hernandez, José Ma., Esteban A. Campo and Zosima C. Ella. The Rizal Story. [Manila]: Society of St. Paul, [n.d.].

Hernández, José. Rizal, Educator and Economist. Manila: García Publisher Company. 1949.

Hessel, Eugene A. The Religious Thought of José Rizal. Quezon City: New Day Publishers, 1983.

Ikehata, Setsuho. ―José Rizal: The Development of the National View of History and National Consciousness in the Philippines.‖ The Developing Economies 6, no. 2, June 1968.

Joaquín, Nick. A Question of Heroes: Essays in Criticism on Ten Chief Figures of Philippine History. Makati: Ayala Museum, Filipinas Foundation, 1977. ———. Rizal in Saga: A Life for Student Fans. Manila: Philippine National Centennial Commission and GMA Foundation, 1996. Lanuza, Caesar Z. and Gregorio F. Zaide. Rizal in Japan. Tokyo: C.Z. Lanuza, 1961.

Laubach, Frank. Rizal Man and Martyr. Manila: Community Publishers, Inc., 1936.

López de Araneta, Victoria. On Wings of Destiny: a Novel on the Life and Times of José Rizal. Manila: White Cross, 1940.

López, Honorio. Ang buhay ni Dr. Jose Rizal at ang mga katha niya na inihulog sa wikang Tagalog ni Plaridel, Gatmaitan at ng iba pa. Manila: J. Martinez, 1927.

Medina, Elizabeth and W. E. Retana. Rizal According to Retana: Portrait of a Hero and a Revolution. Santiago, Chile: Virtual Multimedia, 1998.

Mejia, Geronimo. Dr. José Rizal: A Man of All Times. Tagbilaran City: Barba Press, 1971.

Molina, Antonio. Rizal, Man and Hero. Manila, 1964. ———. Yo, José Rizal. Madrid: AECI, 1998.

Ocampo, Ambeth R. A Calendar of Rizaliana in the Vault of the Philippine National Library. Pasig: Anvil Publishing Inc., 1993. ———. Aguinaldo’s Breakfast and More Looking Back Essays. Pasig: Anvil Publishing Inc, 1993. ———. Bonifacio’s Bolo. Pasig: Anvil Publishing Inc., 1995. ———. Meaning and History: the Rizal Lectures. Manila: Anvil, 2001. ———. Rizal Without the Overcoat. Pasig: Anvil Publishing Inc., 1993. ———. The Search for Rizal’s Third Novel Makamisa. Pasig City: Anvil Publishing Inc., 1992.

Ocampo, Esteban A. de. Rizal as a Bibliophile. Manila: Bibliographical Society of the Philippines, 1960.

Ocampo, Nilo. May Gawa na kaming natapis dini: Si Rizal at ang wikang Tagalog. Quezon City: Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research and Development, University of the Philippines, 2002.

Orosa, Sixto. José Rizal: Man and Hero. Quezon, Philippines: Vibal Printing Co., 1963.

Osias, Camilo. José Rizal: His Life and Times. Manila: Community Publishers, 1948.

Palma, Rafael. The Pride of the Malay Race. Originally published as Biografia de Rizal. Quezon City: Ken Inc., 1966.

Poblete, Pascual H. Buhay at mga Ginawa ni Dr. José Rizal. Reprint. [n.p.]: BiblioBazaar. 2007.

Quibuyen, Floro. A Nation Aborted: Rizal, American Hegemony, and Philippine Nationalism. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 1999.

Quirino, Carlos. 1961. Rizal in Retrospect. Manila: Philippine Historical Association. ———. The Great Malayan. 1940. Reprint, Manila: Tahanan Books, 1997.

Quisumbing, Lourdes, et al. José Rizal: His Life and Times. Manila: St. Paul Press, 1992.

Retana, Wenceslao E. Vida y Escritos del Dr. José Rizal. Madrid: Librería General de Victoriano Suarez, 1907.

Rizal, José. Complete Poems and Plays of José Rizal. Translated by Nick Joaquín. Manila: Far Eastern University Press, 1976. ———. Epistolario Rizalino: documentos de la Biblioteca Nacional de Filipinas, 2nd ed. 1931. ———. Memorias de un estudiante de Manila, autobiografía escolar inedita del Dr. Jose Rizal Mercado, durante el periodo 1861-1881. Manila, 1949. ———. Noli Me Tangere. Translated by Ma. Soledad Lacson-Locsin, and Raul L. Locsin, SHAPS Library of Translations. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Originally published as Noli Me Tangere (Berlin, 1887). ———. Huag Acong Salangin Nino Man. Translated by Pascual H. Poblete. Manila: M. Fernández, 1909. Originally published as Noli Me Tangere (Berlin, 1887). ———. One Hundred Letters of Jose Rizal to his Parents, Brother, Sisters, Relatives. Manila: National Historical Society, 1959. ———. Poesías por Rizal. Manila: National Historical Institute, 1995. ———. Quotations from Rizal’s Writings. Translated by Encarnacion Alzona. Manila: National Historical Institute, 1999. ———. Reminiscences and Travels of José Rizal. Manila: José Rizal National Centennial Commission, 1977. ———. Subversion, A Sequel to Noli Me Tangere. Translated by Ma. Soledad Lacson-Locsin and

Raul L. Locsin. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2007. Originally published as El Filibusterismo (Ghent, 1891). ———. The Lost Eden. Translated by León Ma. Guerrero. Longmans, Green and Co., Ltd., 1961. Originally published as Noli Me Tangere (Berlin, 1887). ———. The Reign of Greed. Translated by Charles Derbyshire. 2nd ed. Manila: Philippine Education Co., 1927. Originally published as El Filibusterismo (Ghent, 1891) ———. The Social Cancer. Translated by Charles Derbyshire. 2d ed. Manila: Philippine Education Co. 1926. Originally published as Noli Me Tangere (Berlin, 1887). ———. The Subversive. Translated by León Ma. Guerrero. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1962. Originally published as El Filibusterismo (Ghent, 1891). ———. The Young Rizal: A Translation of Memorias de un estudiante de Manila. Translated and edited by León Ma. Guerrero. Manila: Bardavon Book Co., 1951. ———. Touch Me Not. Translated by Harold Augenbraum. New York: Penguin Group, 2006. Originally published as Noli Me Tangere (Berlin, 1887). ———, and Virgilio S. Almario. El Filibusterismo. Quezon City: Adarna House, 1999. ———, and Virgilio S. Almario. Noli me tangere. Quezon City, Metro Manila: Adarna House, 1999.

Roland, Ruth. The “Rizalista Cult” in the Philippine Nationalism: A Case History of the “Uses” of a National Hero. Ph.D. thesis, New York University.

Russell, Charles Edward and Eulogio Balan Rodriguez. The Hero of the Filipinos: The Story of José Rizal, Poet, Patriot and Martyr. New York: Century Co., 1923.

Vaño, Manolo O. Light in Rizal’s Death Cell. Quezon City: New Day Publishers, 1985.

Villaroel, Fidel. José Rizal and the University of Santo Tomas. Manila: University of Santo Tomas, 1984.

Yabes, Leopoldo Y. José Rizal: Sage, Teacher and Benefactor of Humanity. Quezon City: [n.p.], 1961.

Yap-Diangco, Norma L. José Rizal of the Orient. Makati City: Yap-Diangco, 1972.

Zaide, Gregorio. José Rizal: Life, Works and Writings of a Genius, Writer, Scientist and National Hero. Manila: National Bookstore, 1984. ———, Sonia M. Zaide, and José Rizal. José Rizal: buhay, mga ginawa at mga sinulat ng isang henyo, manunulat, siyentipiko, at pambansang bayani. Quezon City: Published and exclusively distributed by All-Nations Pub., 1997.

Zafra, Nicolas. José Rizal: Historical Studies. Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press, 1977.

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WORKS ATTRIBUTED TO RIZAL

―Algunas Noticias de Bohol y Guam.‖ N.p., n.d. This was the title given to the work by the National Library, though it was originally untitled. The copy made by Rizal is in the National Library. This work gives us the location of the island of Canela and describes the port of Bohol; it relates the arrival of Patax called S. Lucas, and at the end it gives a vocabulary of the dialects of Guam. Two written pages. 20.5 cm x 23 cm.

An account of the Life and Writings of Mr. James Thompson by Patrick Murdoch. N.p., n.d. The copy made by Rizal is found in the Newberry Library, Chicago. The National Library has a facsimile of this copy. ―It is an unpublished work in English. Without date. Germany, 1887.‖ See Wenceslao Retana, Vida y Escritos del Dr. José Rizal, 465. 24 pages. 28 cm x 21.5 cm.

―Copias de varias disposiciones eclesiásticas sobre la adquisición y posesión de bienes por las ordenes religiosas.‖ N.d. The copy made by Rizal is found in the National Library. It is written in Latin interposed with a paragraph in Spanish. Seven pages. 18.74 cm x 23.5 cm.

―Copias manuscritas hechas por Rizal de tres cartas del Capitán General de Filipinas Ramón Blanco.‖ Part of

, 1953. These documents were given as a gift by the Spanish people to the Filipino people in 1953. One letter is dated in Manila, 1 July 1896, and the other two letters are dated Manila, 30 August 1896.

―Dúo de ‗La Africana.‖ N.p., n.d. Don Eugenio López collection. This is a song taken from a zarzuela of the same title. It is not written by Rizal.

―El Concubinato de Da. Olalla de Rojas y Justina Tolentina con los Augustinos Fr. Francisco de Victoria y Fr. Juan de Torres. 1650.‖ N.p., n.d. This copy made by Rizal is found in the National Library. This is a copy of the ―information made by the office against Da. Olalla de Rojas and Justina Tolentina for living together scan-dalously and without the benefit of marriage to two members of the Order of Saint Augustine named Fr. Francisco de Victoria and Fr. Juan de Torres.‖ The manuscript is a copy of the record of the case filed in court against the said mistresses of the friars, written on ruled paper taken from a notebook of accounts, using one side of the paper only. 26 pages. 29 cm x 17.7 cm.

―En la Ausencia.‖ N.p., n.d. The manuscript which is found in the National Library is a copy made by Miss Nelly Boustead dedicated to ―My Antonio.‖ It seems that there is confusion in some biographies and bibliographies of Rizal in mistaking this poem for the ―Kundiman‖ of Paterno said to have been sung by Ms. Dolores Ocampo in Paris, and which is known by the title ―Orillas del Pasig.‖ It is possible however, that this poem ―En la Ausencia‖ attributed to Rizal is the poem of Pedro Paterno with the same title published in his collection of poems entitled Sampaguitas [1950?].

―Fabricación de Champagne.‖ In ―Diario de Viaje de Marsella a Hongkong [18 October to 19 November 1891].‖ It is very probable that during one of his trips he visited a plant that manufactured champagne and took notes on its preparation.

―Reglas para determinar la dimensión de los parapetos.‖ N.d. Ayer Collection, Newberry Library, Chicago. Mentioned in the bibliography of Retana as written in English. According to Retana, this work must have been copied from another work or perhaps from some technical magazine. Without date. The National Library has a facsimile of this work. Six pages. 15 cm. x 21.5 cm.

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EXTANT DIARIES

―Diarios de viaje.‖ In this diary Rizal gives us his impressions of a trip from Heidelberg, Mannheim, Mainz, and Frankfurt up to Leipzig, passing through the famous Rhine river.

a. ―Heidelberg. [6 August 1886 (Friday)].‖ This is a part of the diary of his life included in one of the pages in P. Jacinto: Memorias de un Estudiante.

b. ―De Heildelberg a Leipzig pasando por el Rhin [9 August 1886 (Monday)].‖ This is a diary of a trip with various sketches made by the author and with a monogram on the cover. Written in Spanish with paragraphs in German, French, and Italian inserted in the text. The original manuscript is found in the National Library. 65 pages. 11.75 cm x 20 cm. Included in this manuscript are three other diaries of trips, which are as follows:

1. ―De Marsella a Manila [3 July 1887].‖ With various sketches of the author. 31 pp. 11.75 cm x 20 cm.

2. ―Abordo del Haiphong [2 August 1887].‖ From Saigon to Manila. With various sketches of the author. 12 pp. 11.75 cm x 20 cm

3. ―De Biñan a Manila en el vapor Bakal.‖ Without date. Probably in 1888. With various sketches of the author. Eight pages. 11.75 cm x 20 cm.

c. ―Diario de viaje. De Nueva York a Liverpool [16 to 25 May 1888].‖ No signature, no date. No title. Eight written pages. 10 cm x 14 cm. The original manuscript is found in the National Library. This diary is written in a pocket notebook of the type distributed by the Palmer Company entitled Palmer‘s European Pocket Guide.

It contains impressions of his trip on board the City of Rome from New York to Liverpool, and it may be supposed to have been written during the trip.

d. ―De Paris a Dieppe (Impressions of a Trip) [1889?].‖ Without date, but it is probable that this was written in 1889 in Dieppe. Ten written pages. 31 cm x 16.5 cm. The original manuscript is found in the National Library. This diary gives his impressions of his companions on the train from Paris to Dieppe.

e. ―Dieppe [1889?].‖ No date, but it is probable that this was written in 1889 in Dieppe. Two written pages. It is written in French with some intermingled Spanish phrases. 21 cm x 16.5 cm. The original manuscript is found in the National Library. It gives notes and a brief history of the city of Dieppe, Germany.

f. ―Diario de viaje. De Marsella a Hong Kong [18 October to 19 November 1891].‖ Without title. 39 pp. 20.5 cm x 32.5 cm. The original manuscript is found in the National Library. It contains many sketches of the places, objects, and persons that caught his attention during the voyage. Included in the manuscript is the work ―Fabrication de Champagne.‖ Vicente Elío in his Bibliografía Rizalina entitled this work ―Diario de viaje de Marsella a Hongkong.‖ It treats of his observations during his voyage from Marseille passing through Alexandria, Port Said, Suez Canal, Aden, Colombo, Singapore, Saigon and Hong Kong.

g. ―Notas de viaje en camino para Hong Kong desde Sandakan [7 March 1892].‖ These notes are found in the last two pages of the ―Diario de viaje. De Marsella a Hong Kong.‖

h. ―Diario de Rizal. De su llegada a Manila hasta Dapitan [26 June to 17 July 1892].‖ No signature, no date. Without title, but the National Library gave this diary the preceding title. Three written pages. 23 cm x 16.5 cm. This document is written on catalan paper with numerous deletions, erasures and corrections. It is possible that this diary was written in Dapitan. The original manuscript is found in the National Library. Rizal narrates his arrival in Manila, his interviews with Gov. Gen. Don Eulogio Despujol, the concession of the pardon of his father and sisters, his imprisonment in Fort Santiago, and his exile to Dapitan.

i. ―Diario de viaje. De Dapitan a Barcelona. 64 días sin tocar tierra. De Barcelona a Manila [31 July to 2 November 1896].‖ The original manuscript is found in the National Library; it forms part of ―Memorias y Apuntes‖ in Documentos Rizalinos which were presented as a gift by the Spanish

people to the Filipino people in 1953. The diary gives the events of his voyage from 31 July to 2 November 1896.

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EXTANT WORKS

―A. D. Ricardo Carnicero.‖ In Poesías de Rizal, edited by Jaime C. de Veyra, 60-62. Manila, 1946. No signature. Three pages. 16 cm x 22.5 cm. The original manuscript is found in the National Library. It is a laudatory poem dedicated to D. Ricardo Carnicero, who was the politico-military governor of Dapitan when Rizal was exiled there in June 1892.

―A La Defensa.” La Solidaridad, 30 April 1889, no. 6, 62-63. The original manuscript is found in the Na-tional Library. No signature. Nine pages. 21.5 cm x 13 cm. This contains Rizal‘s reply to an article pub-lished by La Defensa in its 30 March 1889 issue, refuting the views expressed by Don Patri-cio de la Escosura, and calling the attention of all to the ―pernicious influence of the friar (in the Philippines) in this age.‖

―A mi Criador.‖ In ―Memorias y Apuntes‖ of the author‘s , 1953. These were presented as a gift by the

Spanish people to the Filipino people in 1953. Also called ―Fragmento de una Poesía,‖ this is an incomplete poem of three stanzas in which the author makes an invocation of his Creator.

―Acerca de Tawalisi de Ibn Batuta.‖ Rizal to Dr. A.B. Meyer, London, 7 January 1889. The original manuscript is in the Meyer Collection, Newberry Library, Chicago. 15 pages. Written in black ink on stationary paper. The National Library has a facsimile of the work. It is believed that this work forms part of Notes (in collaboration with A. B. Me-yer and F. Blumentritt) on a Chinese code in the Middle Ages, translated from the German by Dr. Hirth. In brief, the work says that ―Tawalisi‖ may refer to the northern part of Luzon or to any of the adjoining islands.

―Academia de Ciencias Filosoficos-naturales-[Actas de la] 1881-1882.‖ Title derived. Eight pages, written in black ink on ordinary paper. 15.2 cm x 21.5 cm. The original manuscript is found in the Ayer Collection, Newberry Library, Chicago. It includes the following:

1. Secretary of the Academy of Philosophical-natural sciences. 2. First reunion of the alumni of the Academy, 10 February 1881 (Thursday). 3. Second reunion at the close of the school term, 1880-1881. 4. School term, 1881-1882: first session. 5. School term, 1881-1882: second session. 6. School term, 1881-1882: third session. 7. School term, 1881-1882: fourth session.

Interpolated in these records is a composition ―A wheel around the hub‖ in English, which is unfinished. It seems to have been copied from a book.

―Ampliación a mi mapa de la isla de Mindanao.‖ N.p., n.d. A translation into Spanish by Rizal and dedicated to the author of this monograph, Prof. Ferdinand Blumentritt. According to Elío, it was written in Dapitan in 1895. The original manuscript is in the National Library. No signature nor date. Five pages. 34.7 cm. x 21.5 cm. The original is a rough draft with deletions and corrections. Written in black ink on com-mercial ruled paper of five sheets, written on one side. Included is an unnumbered page which treats of the mountains, etc., of said island. This incomplete translation is taken from a de-tailed description made by Professor Blu-mentritt in German of the various maps of the island of

Mindanao, like the map published by Fr. Juan Era in 1890 and the map of the eastern parts of Mindanao by D. S. F. Montano. This monograph also refers to the moun-tains of Mindanao and the eruptions of the Macaturing and Catarman volcanoes.

―Ang Dalawang Magkapatid.‖ N.p., n.d. Title derived. The original manuscript is found in the National Library. Two written pages. 13.5 cm. x 21 cm. Also known as ―Cuento tendencioso,‖ this is a fragment of the rough draft of this work included in the notebook entitled ―Fragmen-ts de various borradores.― It is a story in which the Spanish colonies and Spain are symbolized by two sisters who live with a cruel aunt. It is an unfinished story.

―Ang mga Nangagsipamuno sa Bayan ng Calamba, Sapol ng Maging Bayan, Hangad sa Hinarap na Panahon. Alinsunod sa mga Sulat na Iningatan ni Dn. Vicente Llamas, ni D. Mariano Alcasid, ni D. Gervasio Alviar.‖ N.p., n.d. A chronological list of the municipal officials of Calamba, from the first teniente-gobernadorcilo (1742) up to Capitan Municipal Lucas Quintero (1891). The year of service of every municipal official together with an act or a notable event that transpired during the incumbency of each is mentioned. The original manuscript is found in the National Library. It must have been written in Hong Kong in the year 1891-1892 with the help of his brother Paciano. Six written pages and 14 blank pages. Written in Tagalog in black ink. 35.5 cm x 21.7 cm.

―Apuntes Clínica.‖ [Madrid?],[4 October 1883 to 29 May 1884]. Clinical histories and observations of patients under the care of Rizal and the Hospital of Madrid. The original manuscript is found in the National Library. No signature. 74 pages in all. On the front cover may be read the following: ―Cuaderno de Apuntes sobre la lengua griega.‖ It contains 68 pages written in violet ink, and six blank pages. 21 cm x 15.8 cm. The notebook contains case histories of patients under the observation of Dr. Rizal, together with an index of all the cases of the patients. In the notebook there is also found part of a fictional narrative in English of five pages, ―The Penitent Robber‖ which appears in the ―Cuaderno de Apuntes sobre la lengua griega‖ and a short Hebraic vocabulary with its own characters and meanings in Spanish.

―Apuntes de Clínica Quirúrgica.‖ [Madrid?], [1883-1884?]. Clinical histories of the patients under the care of Dr. Ri-zal for his study and observation, alternating with questions of the daily lessons. The manuscript is a small notebook without cover, composed of commercial lined paper folded into four parts, being 13.7 cm x 10.5 cm. There are 124 pages and 41 lessons, the latter being unfinished. The first pages are missing corresponding to the first lessons and the beginning of the third. The original manuscript is in the National Library.

―Apuntes sobre gramática francesa.‖ N.p., n.d. These notes are found in the Ayer Collection, Newberry Library. They form part of French Composition Exercises by José Rizal, edited by Austin Craig (1912).

―Apuntes sobre la conjugation del verbo ‗matar‘ en arabe.‖ Title derived. [Madrid?],[1883-1885?]. Listed as ―Estudio del idioma drabe‖ in the National Library where the original manuscript is found. Without date. One written page. 20.5 cm x 26.5 cm. The work treats of a part of the conjugation of the verb ―to kill‖ with its translation in Arabic symbols.

―Arte Métrica del Tagalog.‖ N.p., [April 1887?]. Spanish translation of the German, ―Tagalische Verskunst.‖ The manuscript is a rough draft with deletions and corrections, written in five pages on commercial paper. 32.5 cm x 20.5 cm. The original manuscript is found in the National Library. At the foot of the first page is this notation: ―This work was read before the Ethnographic Society of Berlin in April of 1887 and published by the said society in the same year.‖ Included in the rough draft is a Spanish translation by Ponce of the part which deals with stanzas, written in pencil on two leaves of paper with the letterhead ―Philippine Delegation, Japan,‖ and on the other sheet is a note of Ponce

which says that Rizal did not finish the translation of the final paragraphs of the original German. This Spanish translation was in turn translated into Tagalog with a preface by Inigo Ed. Regalado, member of the Institute of National Language, and published by the Suriang Pambansa Publication in Manila, 1943. It treats of Tagalog versification.

―Avesta Vendidad.‖ [Madrid?], [1884-1885?]. A Spanish translation of the book of Liturgy, part of ―Zend-Avesta‖ dia-logue between Ormuzd and Zoroaster. The ori-ginal manuscript is found in the National Lib-rary. No date, but it was possibly written during the time when he was taking up Philosophy and Letters and studying Arabic in Madrid during the school term 1884-1885. 11 pages. 35 cm x 21.5 cm. The original is a rough draft with deletions and corrections. The first nine pages and over a half of the tenth are written in black ink, and the rest in violet ink on commercial ruled paper. This part of the dialogue between Ahura-Mazda (Ormuzd) and Zoroaster (Zarathustra) deals with the creation of ―the worlds filled with people.‖

―Canto de María Clara.‖ In ―Fishing,‖ chap. 13 in Noli Me Tangere. In the original manuscript of the Noli, this song appears with two stanzas more. Also published in Wenceslao E. Retana, Vida y escritos del Dr. José Rizal, 114; Jaime C. de Veyra, Poesías de Rizal, 55; Frank C. Laubach, Rizal, Man and Martyr; Philippine Literature, Book I; etc. Various musical compositions have been com-posed for this song, the most popular of which being that by Juan M. Hernandez.

―Caracteres hebráicos con sus significados en castellano.‖ N.p., n.d. Title derived by the National Library, where the original manuscript is found. No signature nor date. 21 written pages with some pages blank. 10.5 cm x 15.25 cm.

―Charadas de Rizal.‖ In ―Memorias y Apuntes‖ of the author‘s , 1953. Undoubtedly written in Madrid. It

consists of a collection of charades in Spanish.

―Colegio Moderno.‖ N.p., n.d. The original manuscript is found in the National Library. Eight written pages. 18 cm x 23 cm. It is a prospectus which deals with the ob-jectives of a college, including methods of teach-ing, the courses, and the administration of the college.

―Colón y Juan 2°. (Lira).‖ In Poesías de Rizal, edited by Jaime C. de Veyra, 28. Manila, 1946 . According to M. Ponce, this is a poetical composition made when the author was prefect of the Academy of Spanish Literature [Manila, 1887?]. Two pages. 34 cm x 21.6 cm. The poem is written on commercial paper, using only one side, in the handwriting of Rizal and signed by him. It is a tribute to Christopher Columbus, the discoverer of the New World.

―Contrato de sociedad entre Rizal y Ramón Carreon para construir un calero.‖ N.p., n.d. Title derived by the National Library, where the original manuscript with typewritten copies is found. Two pages. 32 cm. x 22 cm. The original document is written on both sides of rectangular catalan paper, commercial size, in black ink, with the signatures of the contracting partners at the bottom of the docu-ment. It is a contract of partnership to establish a lime-kiln with more than 400 cavans in capa-city.

―Correcciónes de los ‗Sucesos de las Islas Filipinos‘ por el Dr. Antonio de Morga, Alcalde del crimen de la Real Audencia de la Nueva Espana, consultor del Santo Oficio de Inquisition.‖ N.p., n.d. The original manuscript is found in the National Library. 11 written pages. 18.5 cm. x 25.5 cm. It contains a list of the errors of printing and omissions made by the transcriber in the edition of the Sucesos annotated by Rizal. In a note on the first page, Rizal says:

When this work was published, the original copy in the British Museum had been missing, and the annotator could not check up the proofs with the original as he wished; for which rea-son there were omissions in the original as well as in the manuscript.

―Cuaderno de apuntes sobre la lengua griega.‖ [Madrid?], [[1883-1885?]. Title derived by the National Library where the original manuscript is found. Six written pages. 17 cm x 21.25 cm. It is a short study of the Greek language, its alphabet, together with a classification of its consonants and vowels. In this notebook there are also four paragraphs of Chapter V ―The Penitent Robbes‖ in English, a paragraph in Spanish, and a paragraph without title in Ger-man. Apparently these were copied from books while he was studying languages in Madrid.

―Cuaderno de varias preguntas escritas por J. R. Mercado.‖ Manila, 1874-1875. Questions and answers of lessons on universal history (75 lessons including those of universal history), geometry, algebra, spherical trigonometry, medicine, grammar (preliminary) and geography. This notebook is composed of 105 sheets of catalan paper or 210 pages in all, 12 pages being blank. The first page of the notebook which reads:

―Cuaderno de varias preguntas escritas por J. R. Mercado‖ was sketched by Rizal as well as the other sketches which appear in the notebook. 21 cm x 35.5 cm. The original manuscript is found in the National Library.

―Dapitan.‖ Día Filipinos, 19 June 1918. Rizal describes the town of Dapitan. Unfinished and undated, it must have been written in Dapitan during the time in which the author was deported there. The original manuscript is in the National Lib-rary. Eight pages. 23 cm x 16 cm. The manuscript is written in fine and small letters on catalan paper, quarto-size, on both sides of the paper. It is really a rough draft with corrections, deletions, emendations, etc., and is the beginning of a novel (an introduc-tion, according to Mariano Ponce in a little paper which accompanies the last page).

―Datos para mi defensa.‖ Manila (Fort San-tiago), 12 December 1896. It is also known as ―Su Defensa escrita por el en calabozo de la Fuerza de Santiago.― The original manuscript is found in the National Library. Written in pencil. Eight written pages, 22 cm x 32.2 cm. It contains the date furnished by Dr. Rizal to his legal counsel for the preparation of his defense. With respect to the rebellion, Rizal says that he has always opposed such a movement; with respect to the Liga Filipina, he says that he has always wanted civil liberties, not separa-tion of the Philippines; with respect with to Katipunan, he says he does not know it nor has he maintained relations nor correspondence with the founder of this organization; with re-spect to Masonry he says that it is false that he has given orders to Pedro Serrano to intro-duce masonry in the Philippines; and with re-spect to the Asociación Hispano-Filipina and La Solidaridad he says that it is false that he has founded such societies.

―Digresiones psicologicos-sentimentales sobre diversos estados de animo.‖ N.p., n.d. This work, without any doubt, is an in-troduction to the first chapter of an unfinished novel. It contains a sensitive dedication to A…. The original manuscript is found in the National Library. Five pages. 20.7 cm x 16.5 cm. Written in five quarto-size paper with the reverse side of the paper blank; it lacks the final and, it seems, the first page, in which the title of this work must have been written. Like most writings of the author, the style of the language is subtly ironical.

―Dimanche des Rameaux‖ (Palm Sunday). Berlin, 1887. Published in French Composition Exer-cises by José Rizal, Noli Me Tangere Quarter Centennial Series, edited by Austin Craig (Manila: Philippine Education Company, 1912). Signed by the author. This beautiful essay is a part of the existing French compositions in the Ayer Collection of the Newberry Library, Chicago. The National Library has a facsimile of this work.

―Discurso pronunciado en el banquete celebrado en el Café de Madrid el 31 de Diciembre de 1883.‖ Two written pages. 23 cm x 32 cm. The original manuscript is found in the National Library. Manuscript originally owned by Eduardo de Lete. It is a review of the events with respect to Filipinos in Spain during 1883, and it expresses his hopes for the coming year. (See Wenceslao E. Retana, Vida y escritos del Dr. José Rizal, 461. )

―Discurso pronunciado en el Café Habanero.‖ N.p, n.d. No signature. 16 written pages. 19.5 cm x 16.25 cm. The manuscript is found in the National Library. Vicente Elío in his Bibliografía Rizalina gives this work the title ―Discurso en el banquete de la colonia filipina de Madrid, en la noche del 31 de Diciemhre de 1890 en el Café Habanero.‖ Dr. Leoncio López-Rizal believes this speech of Rizal was read by another person in 1885. In this speech Rizal describes the progressive transformation of the Filipino colony, traces the history and death of the Círculo Hispano-Filipino, gives a summary of the events during the three years in Spain, and appeals to all to maintain union and solidarity among the members of the colony.

―Doña Geronima‖ (The Enchantress). Published together with ―La Tortuja y el Mono‖ and ―Paalaala sa mga mapagusapin‖ in Cultura Filipina, May 1911. This is a legend about a lady who lives in a grotto near Malapad-na-Bato. A shorter version of this legend is found in the third chapter of El Filibusterismo. The original manuscript, which does not contain the date of writing, is found in the National Library. It consists of six written pages with the title of ―Cuentos y Leyendas de Filipinos.‖ 18.5 cm x 23 cm.

―El Agua y el Fuego.‖ In El Filibusterismo, chapter 2; Poesías de Rizal, edited by Jaime C. de Veyra, 59, Manila, 1946. This poem as it was published in the El Filibusterismo differs from that which was published in the original manuscript of this novel in that the eighth line reads ―Creemos‖ instead of ―Formemos.‖

El Filibusterismo. Ghent: Boekdrukkerij F. Meyer-Van Loo, Vlaanderestraat 66, 1891. This novel dedicated to the memory of Fa-thers Gómez, Burgos and Zamora is the second part of Noli Me Tangere. It presents Simoun (the persecuted and misunderstood Ibarra of the Noli) seething with vengeance because of the injustices which he has suffered and fo-menting rebellion, which fails one after the other. It is more realistic, but less of a novel, in which the seeds of nationalism are sown.

―El Heroísmo.‖ In Poesías de Rizal, edited by Jaime C. de Veyra, 26. Manila, 1946. The poem is written on commercial paper, using only one side, in the handwriting of Rizal. Incomplete; the last page is missing. Two pages. 33.5 cm x 21.6 cm. The original manuscript is found in the National Library. An epic song written in octaves, praising Columbus and relating the dialogue between Columbus and Neptune.

―El Sentimiento de lo Bello.‖ [Madrid?], [1882?]. The manuscript is written in black ink on quarto-size catalan paper on one side only. It is a rough draft with corrections, erasures, and deletions; it is incomplete and unsigned. Eight pages. 22.5 cm x 16 cm. The original manuscript with typewritten copies is found in the National Library. It is an essay in which Rizal treats of the appreciation of the beauty of ―that feeling inherent in nature, given by God to man and by man perfected.‖

―Essai su Pierre Corneille.‖ N.p., [1885-1887?]. In French Composition Exercises by José Rizal, Noli Me Tangere Quarter-Centennial Series, edited by Austin Craig, 1912. This forms a part of the French compositions in the Ayer Collection of the Newberry Library, Chicago. The National Library has a facsimile of this work. No sig-nature, no date.

―Estado de religiosidad de los pueblos en Filipinos.‖ Madrid, 1881. A study of the religiousness of Filipinos with a description of their religious practices, etc. Without date, but according to Elío it may

have been written in 1881, and con-sequently written in Madrid. The original manu-script with typewritten copies is found in the National Library. 43 sheets written on one side or 43 pages. 22 cm x 16 cm. The quarto-sized original manuscript is writ-ten partly on catalan paper, partly in violet ink, and with the passage of time the reading of some words has been rendered difficult due to blots and corrections. It is incomplete. The work is an analysis and a study of the moral state and religious spirit of the Filipino in all the acts of life from birth to death. It treats of the concepts cherished by the Fili-pino on divinity, the Virgin and the Saints, the immortality of the soul, the afterlife, virtue and sin, prayers, promises and offerings, and pilgrimages, particularly that of Our Lady of Antipolo.

―Estudio de jeroglíficos egipcios.‖ N.p., n.d. The original manuscript is found in the National Library. Without title. Four pages. It consists of a list of Egyptian hieroglyphics with their signification.

―Filipinas desgaciada.‖ N. p., n.d. Fragment of a rough draft of an article with this title. The original manuscript is found in the National Library. Six pages. 20.75 cm x 27 cm. Written on square commercial paper in violet ink, now somewhat blurred with blots and cor-rections. It treats of the earthquakes in 1880, the horri-ble fire, the cholera, and the typhoon which have afflicted the Philippines, and it ends with an appeal to ―the noble heart of the people‖ to aid the towns of Colón and Magallanes.

―Flor entre flores.” In Poesías de Rizal, edited by Jaime C. de Veyra, 59. Manila, 1946. Without title, but the title of this poem has been taken from the words of the first line. The original manuscript is found in the National Library. The manuscript is merely a rough draft with many corrections. It was probably written in Madrid.

―Fragmento de varias borradores de escritos de Rizal.‖ N.p., [1889-1890?]. Title derived by the National Library. No sig-nature. The original manuscript is found in the National Library. 20 written pages. 20 cm x 32.5 cm. The work consists of fragments of various works on different sizes of paper, some barely begun, the others consisting of one or two para-graphs only. It contains the following:

1. Intercontinental politics. 2. Fragment of ―Ensanmiento.‖ 3. Fragment of ―Ang Dalawang Magkapatid.‖ 4. Fragment of a letter. 5. His first impressions of Madrid. 6. Bibliographical notes of Torcuato Tasso. 7. A key of numbers with their corresponding significations. 8. Stenographic signs. 9. A list of medicines frequently used with their corresponding dosages. 10. Fragment of a rough draft of Las Luclias de Nuestros Días; by F. Pi y Margall. 11. Notes for the preparation of Filipinas dentro de Cien Años. (a. Notes written in Spanish; b.

Notes written in French.; c. Notes written in German.)

.‖ Manila: Lib. Manila Filatelica, 1907. With an introduction by Mariano Ponce dated Hong Kong, October 1906. 242 pages. 10 cm x 17.4 cm. The original manuscript is found in the National Library. It was written in Leipzig in September 1886. 84 written pages. 21 cm x 24 cm. Written in violet ink. The manuscript has deletions, corrections, and changes. In his arti-cle ―Sobre la Nueva Ortografía de la Lengua Tagalog‖ in La Solidaridad, 15 April 1890, Rizal says: ―I did, then, the first essays, writ-ing in the orthography which I deemed proper, on September of 1886, the translation of William Tell by Schiller, the manuscript of which should be found in Calamba, as well as the translations of the various stories of the Danish Andersen.‖ The original manuscript of the translation of the five stories of Andersen has disappeared.

―Histoire d‘une clef‖ (The history of a key). [Berlin?], [1887?]. It forms part of the French compositions in the Ayer Collection of the Newberry Library, Chicago. The National Library has a facsimile of this work. Unpublished.

―Histoire d‘une mere‖ (The history of a mother). In , Noli Me Tangere Quarter Centennial Series, edited by Austin Craig. Manila: Philippine Education Company, 1912. It forms part of the French compositions in the Ayer Collection of the Newberry Library, Chicago. The National Library has a facsimile of this work.

―Introducción.‖ N.p., n.d. A history that seems to be a novel. The original of this work is found on the reverse side of the original manuscript of ―Manila en el mes de Diciembre de 1872.‖

―La Curación de los Hechizados. Apuntes hechos para el estudio de la Medicina Filipina.‖ Día Filipino, 19 June 1921. The original manuscript is found in the National Library. Dapitan, 15 November 1895. Written expressly for the Illus. D. Benito Francia, Inspector General (Second-Class), Chief of Administration and honorary superior. A monograph on the two forms of supposed enchantment (bewitchment) more common in the Philippines: the enchantment caused by the mangkukulam, and that made by the mangagaway (bewitchment by suggestion). It describes the various kinds of bewitchment of the mangkukulam and the mangagaway; the first refers in general to a man who is born with this power, and the second is always a woman. The manuscript is a rough draft with erasures and corrections by the author; it is written on ruled commercial paper. With the work is a page in which are found vivid sketches of the healer and the bewitched in the latter‘s different stages of the crisis or attacks of said evil. Seven pages. 27 cm x 21 cm.

―La fête de San Isidro.‖ [Madrid?],[1884 or 1885?] The original manuscript is found in the National Library. Four pages. 21 cm x 17.5 cm. It contains a chronicle, written in French, on the picturesque and traditional feast of San Isidro Labrador, which is annually celebrated in Madrid with a flower festival. ―A verse of Alfred de Musset heads this chronicle: What more do you desire of me who am about to die?‖

―La Instrucción.‖ Laong-Laan [pseud.]. [Madrid?], [1882?]. It is written on one side of 29 sheets of quarto-sized catalan paper in violet ink. 23 cm x 17 cm. The original manuscript is found in the National Library. It is a dissertation on teaching in the Philippines, seeking for improvements in schools as well as in methods of teaching.

―La Masonería‖ (or ―Ciencia, Virtud y Trabajo‖). El Renacimiento, 22 September 1906. The original manuscript is found in the National Library. 18 written pages. 19.5 cm x 16.5 cm. In this speech, Rizal dwells on virtue, which he defines as the constant performance of duty, and he explains duties, their concepts and practices. It is also known as ―Discurso en una Logia Masónica,‖ 1890. Delivered in the La Solidaridad, no. 53, Madrid, 1890. Translated into English by Michael Goldenberg and published in pamphlet form with the title Science, Virtue and Labor, Manila, 19 June 1956.

―La Pecheuse et le Poisson‖ (The Fisherwoman and the Fish). In French Composition Exercises by José Rizal, Noli Me Tangere Quarter-Centennial Series, edited by Austin Craig. Manila: Philippine Education Company, 1912. It is a part of the French compositions in the Ayer Collection of the Newberry Library, Chicago. The National Library has a facsimile of this work. It seems to have been a translation of a story by Hans Christian Andersen. It is believed to have been written in Berlin in 1877.

―La Política Colonial en Filipinas.‖ N.p., n.d. Fragment of a manuscript found in the National Library.

―La Retractación.‖ Fort Santiago, 29 December 1896. Written on a folded double sheet of catalan paper. On the upper left hand corner of the document and on the letter C of ―Creo‖ appear holes

made by bookworms. The paper bears the watermark ―Hijo de J. Jover y Serra‖ continuously across the two sheets. 32 cm x 22 cm. This document, which is alleged to have been found 39 years (1935) after the execution of the hero, is an object of controversy; there are many persons who doubt the authenticity of this retraction, alleging that it is apocryphal.

―La Sibila Cumana.‖ N.p., 8 March 1905. The original manuscript is in the possession of Francisco López, grandnephew of Dr. José Rizal. Written in Dapitan in 1894. The effigy of the Cumaean Sibyl is sketched in ink on one of the first pages. Writ-ten on ruled paper in black ink. 33 pages. It is an oracle consisting of questions and answers.

―La Tortuga y El Mono.‖ La Solidaridad, 31 March 1895, No. 148, 7:69-71. It is a fable which shows that the egoist, no matter how clever, will be destroyed in the end. It has been translated into English and published with the title of ―The Monkey and the Tortoise‖-A Tagalog tale; as told in English and Spanish, Manila, 1912. 74 pages. Also published in Austin Craig, Lineage, Life and Labors of José Rizal (Manila, 1913), 167-79; and in Mary H. Fee, First Grade Primer (New York: World Book Co., 1914), 117-23. There is also a translation of the commentaries of Dr. Kern from the Dutch into Spanish which is called ―El Cuento de la Tortuga y El Mono,‖ based on this fable.

―Las Dudas.‖ Laong-Laan [pseud]. Madrid, 7 November 1882. It is written in violet ink on both sides of three and a half sheets of thin commercial paper. In this charming essay, Rizal discusses the beginning of doubts in youth, causing later in mature age void so great, so despairing, so imposing. But the work ends with optimism and he counsels us that we should learn to appreciate things for what they are worth in themselves and separate those elements that are not related to them; that gold is still gold even if it be found in mud and sand, just like truth is still certain even if it be spoken by a comedian or a deceiver. There is another article with the title ―Dudas‖ which is said to have been published in España en Filipinas, Madrid, 28 May 1887. It is very probable that these two essays are one and the same.

―Le Milan et la Poule‖ (The Milanese and the Falcon). N.p., n.d. Three pages. 20.5 cm x 13 cm. The original is written on three pages of stationary paper; without signature. Various words in French and some lines that appear to be a sketch or a plan are written on the reverse side of the third page. It is a French legend which shows the vanity and foolish pride of the Milanese, who like an eaglet gives himself the air and majesty of the king of the birds until he encounters the stronger and more aggressive falcon that pursues him, wounds him, and tears him to pieces.

―Le Pistolet de la Petite Baronne‖ (The Small Pistol of the Little Baroness). Germany, 1886. It forms part of the French composition in the Ayer Collection of the Newberry Library, Chicago. The first quarto-sized pages of this article are missing; only the last page remains. On the reverse side of this page is the hymn ―Sobre el Rhin Aleman‖ in French, which does not form part of this article. Two pages. 21.5 cm x 17.3 cm. A fragment of a critical judgment by Rizal, written in French, on this work.

―Lecciones de Clínica quirúrgica‖ (A scheme of lectures). N.p., n.d. It forms part of the Ayer Collection of the Newberry Library, Chicago. It is written on four pages of commercial paper in black ink. 15.5 cm x 21.4 cm. It consists of a list of 93 lessons in surgery.

―Leyenda Gran Consuelo en la mayor Desdicha.‖ [Manila?],[1877?]. This poem is written on four full-length sheets of commercial paper. The third page is missing; thus the poem is incomplete. It bears the following signature El pref[ecto] de la Acad, de lit. esp.-José Rizal. Three pages. 32.5 cm x 43.5 cm. The original manuscript is found in the National Library. Reproduced in Jaime. C. de Veyra, Poesías de Rizal, 21.

―L(iga) F(ilipina).‖ In Vida y escritos del Dr. José Rizal, edited by Wenceslao E. Retana, 236-241. Written in all probabili-ty, as Retana believes, in Hong Kong, 1892. The original manuscript is found in the National Lib-rary. Six written pages. 20.5 cm x 32.5 cm. It contains many erasures and deletions writ-ten on commercial paper. The work consists of the rules or statutes of the Liga Filipina conceived by Rizal, according to Palma (Biografía de Rizal, 220) as ―a great association which would have ramifications in all parts, even in the remotest corners of the Archipelago, under the guidance and direction of the association‘s own authority and government. Its purpose would be to achieve the Archipelago‘s progress and well-being, since it has proved impossible to expect results from the Spanish nation.‖

Lista de la colección de conchas. Dapitan, 1892-1896. The original manuscript, which is considerably defective, is in the possession of the José Rizal National Centennial Commission. The catalogue consists of 203 species or varieties, of which five are land shells, 13 are fresh water shells, and the rest are sea shells.

―Llanto y Risa.‖ [Madrid?],[1884 or 1885?]. Six written pages. 13.5 cm x 22 cm. The original manuscript is found in the National Library. This article, which distills bitterness, depicts the disappointments and irony of life. Reproduced in J. Collas, Rizal’s Unknown Writings, 1953.

―Los Animales de Suan.‖ [Calamba?],[1887-1888]. No signature, no date. 15 written pages. 19.5 cm x 16.5 cm The original manuscript is found in the National Library. It is an incomplete story. The last five pages contain the rough draft of the work. This is a satirical story in which domestic animals are given human characteristics, and their language is understood by the author since he has been born on a night of the full moon on Saint Solomon‘s day.

―Madrid.‖ Germany, 1886. The rough draft of this letter is found in the notebook containing ―Apuntes de Clínica.‖ Five written pages in black ink. 15.4 cm x 21.4 cm. Reproduced in Wenceslao Retana, Nuestro Tiempo, February 1905; idem, Vida y escritos del Dr. José Rizal, 100-102; Austin Craig, French Composition Exercises by José Rizal, Noli Me Tangere Quarter Centennial Series (Manila, 1912), 62-65; Palma. Biografia de Rizal, 68-70.

―Makamisa.‖ [Dapitan?], [1894?]. An incomplete novel in Tagalog, written in ironical style. Only two chapters have been written. There exists another manuscript in Spanish with the same ideas and with the same characters but with different names. Published in the Palimbagan Ilagan-Sanga, 1943. Ten pages 34 cm x 22 cm. The original manuscript of this incomplete novel in Tagalog, which is found in the National Library, is written in black ink on commercial paper and on one side only; it contains corrections and deletions. As M. Ponce believes, the title pertains more to a chapter than to the novel itself. Only two chapters have been written. This incomplete novel depicts a certain Father Agatón, the parish priest who is all powerful in the town, as well as other authorities and inhabitants of the town.

―Maligaya y María Sinagtala (Una Novela Historica Incompletas; Principio de una Novela Histórica Incompleta).‖ N.p., n.d. Title derived. Written in Spanish. No signature nor date, but according to Ponce, the author started to write this novel in Madrid, and according to Retana, this is a previous work to the novel Noli Me Tangere. The original manuscript with typewritten copies is found in the National Library. It consists of 44 pages, one page blank and six pages illegible or defective. 21 cm x 33 cm. Mentioned in Juan Collas, ―The Tagalog Nobility,‖ Rizal’s Unknown Writings, 1953; and in Manila Chronicle, 19 June 1954.

―Manila en el mes de Diciembre de 1872.‖ N.p., n.d. Title derived. No signature. It contains deletions and corrections. Four pages written in pencil and the rest i0n ink. Ten written pages in all. 22.5 cm x 17 cm. The original manuscript is in the National Library. On the reverse side of the manuscript there

is an article entitled ―Introducción (Historia al parecer novela).‖ This is an article in which the author says that the month of December of 1872 was calamitous for the people of Manila but not for the omnipotent friars, the army and the governor-general because each one had already cast his own net.

―Mariang Makiling‖ (A Tagalog Legend). Laong-Laan [pseud]. La Solidaridad, 31 December 1890. Also reproduced in Homenaje a José Rizal (Manila: Imp. La Democracia, 1899); Hiding Pagsilang, 29 December 1903 (Tagalog translation); the Cablenews American, 19 June 1913 (English version); Professor Craig translated it into English and published it in the form of a pamphlet in 1916; the Independent, 25 December 1918; etc. Written in Spanish on 23 November 1890, it deals with the legend of the benefactress Mariang Makiling, a kind young lady, tall, well-shaped, with large black eyes and long abundant hair, who lived in the beautiful mountain that separates the provinces of Laguna and Tayabas (Quezon).

―Maximas.‖ N.p., n.d. It was written on a page of the notebook ―Cuentos y Leyendas‖ together with the legend of Dona Geronima, the fable of the turtle and the monkey, and a translation into Tagalog of a fable concerning disputants, etc.

―Ma-yi.‖ London, 6 December 1888. The original manuscript is found in the Ayer Collection of the Newberry Library, Chicago. The National Library has a facsimile of this work. It is believed that this article is a part of the Notas (in collaboration with A. B. Meyer and F. Blumentritt.) to a Chinese code by Dr. Hirth.

―Me Piden Versos!‖ Laong-Laan [pseud]. La Solidaridad, 31 March 1889. Also published in La Independencia, 25 September 1898; La República Filipina, 30 December 1898; Homenage a José Rizal 1899; Nuestro Tiempo, 1905; Wenceslao Retana, Vida y escritos del Dr. José Rizal, 1946. Written in violet ink on two pages of catalan paper, using one side only, with some corrections. The manuscript, which is found in the National Library, appears to be a copy made by Ponce containing the previous corrections made by Rizal in the revised poem. There are also two other copies: one which, according to Ponce, is in the handwriting of Rizal, in which he introduces some corrections improving the verses (see Retana, Vida y escritos del Dr. José Rizal, 460), and another copy sent to Marciano Rivera. It is not known where these copies are. The poem consists of six ten-line stanzas in which the cry of nostalgia for country vibrates, and in which he sings its beauties and remembers his past inspiration in the bosom of his mother country. This is the poem that is said to have been requested by the mother of Rizal, which is not true, since Rizal had written this for a meeting of the Círculo Hispano-Filipino.

―Memorias de un Gallo‖ [Madrid?], n.d. Unfinished. Unpublished. No date, nor signature. Two pages. 4 cm x 26.15 cm. It is written on both sides of a sheet of commercial paper in violet ink. The manuscript contains erasure, deletions and corrections. The original manuscript is found in the National Library. Reproduced in Cultura Filipina, June 1911. It seems to be a short and satirical autobiography of a rooster.

―Mi Primer Recuerdo (Fragmento de mis Memorias).‖ El Renacimiento, [Madrid?], 2 January 1908. Believed to have been written during the time in which he wrote ―P. Jacinto: Memorias de un Estudiante.‖ This work seems to be an addition to his memoirs. The original manuscript is found in the National Library. Eight written pages. 19.7 cm x 15.2 cm. Written on eight sheets and on one side only, the manuscript contains deletions, erasures and corrections. This fragment of his memoirs is about the moth and the flame. The author believes that light is the most beautiful thing in all creation and that it is suitable that a man should sacrifice his life for it.

Noli Me Tangere. Berlin: Berliner Buckdruckerie Aktien-Gesselschaft, March 1887. The manuscript contains three preliminary sheets and the main text. 465 sheets. 37.5 cm x 23 cm x 2.75 cm. There exists a manuscript in the National Library which is apparently the first chapter of this novel since it contains the same ideas, although the characters are given different names. The Noli is the first novel by Rizal, and is considered the bible of the Filipino people. The novel, which is based on reality, reflects the conditions-social, political and religious-during the second half of the nineteenth century of the Philippines. This work was translated into English, Chinese, Japanese, Sanskrit, Indonesian, Vietnamese, Catalan, Lain, Esperanto, French, German, Swedish, Italian, Hungarian, Tagalog, Ilocano, Pangasinan, Bicolano, Cebuano, Visayan (Samar-Leyte), Hiligaynon and Pampango with different titles.

―Nota de Rizal al Maremagnum.‖ Madrid, 26 June 1887. The note is written at the bottom of the dedicatory on the last page of the typewritten copy of Maremagnum of P. J. Burgos, which Hermenigildo Cruz edited and published. We believe, however, that there must be a mistake regarding the place or the date, since Rizal was not in Madrid on the date indicated. It is a note attesting to the fact that Father Burgos had given, more or less, the speech transcribed in the dedicatory from the palace of the Archbishop of Manila upon the arrival of General D. Carlos Ma. de la Torre.

―Notas Clínicas.‖ N.p., n.d. This forms part of the Ayer Collection in the Newberry Library, Chicago, together with ―Clinical Notes and Case Histories.‖ It contains 137 pages written on commercial paper in black ink. 15.5 cm x 21.4 cm. It consists of the clinical histories and observations in the development of the sicknesses of the patients which he has studied.

―Notas Varias. Preguntas y respuetas del oráculo.‖ N.p., n.d. No title, but the National Library gave this work the preceding title. The original manuscript is found in the National Library. 17 written pages. 8.25 cm x 15.25 cm. It is written on a small pocket notebook. These notes were not published in the centennial edition of Rizal‘s works. These are notes of places, dates and answers to questions propounded, apparently, to Napoleon‘s Oraculum.

―Novela, fragmento de.‖ N.p., n.d. It forms part of the notebook of ―Rizal en el año de 1876 a 1877″. Apparently, this is a chapter of an unfinished novel in which Elisa and Vicente appear as the principal characters.

―Nuestras Infantiles Creencias‖ (‖Fragmento de un artículo que trata de la religión cristiana‖) Title derived by the National Museum. N.p., n.d. This is a rough draft of an incomplete article. Without signature. The original manuscript is found in the National Library. Two written pages. 20.4 cm x 13.5 cm. The article contains erasures and corrections. It is written on both sides of a sheet of stationery paper. It deals with the Christian religion in the Archipelago.

―P. Jacinto-Memorias de un Estudiante de Manila.‖ N.p, n.d. The original manuscript is found in the National Library. 53 written pages. 17.5 cm x 26.5 cm. The manuscript consists of six chapters and one addition. The first chapter is dated 11 September 1878 in Manila, Sta. Cruz, Dulumbayan 8; the second, Monday, 28 October in #22 Salcedo St.; the third on 1 November 1878 in #22 Salcedo St.; the fourth, 7 April 1879, in Calamba; the fifth, 1 December in Manila and the sixth from April 1877 up to December of the same year. Dated in Manila, 16 November 1881. This is a narration of the life of the author from his birth, 19 June 1861 up to December 1878 where the narration was cut off.

―Paalala sa mga Mapagusapin.‖ In Cultura Filipina, May 1911. No title, written in Tagalog in which the inconveniences of those entitled to lawsuits are narrated. One page. The original manuscript of this article forms part of a notebook which is found in the National Library, containing likewise the legend of Doña Gerónima and the fable of the monkey and the turtle. This is a short history very similar to

another written in French entitled ―Un judgement equitable‖ by Jules Lazare in his book Lectures Faciles pour les comenzants ([Boston?] Ginn & Co., 1927).

―Pensamientos de un Filipino.‖ N.p., [1884?]. Written in black ink on one side only of commercial sized paper. This article is written in an ironical style. The original manuscript with typewritten copies is found in the National Library. Seven pages. 33 cm x 20.6 cm. This is an essay in which Rizal weighs the advantages and disadvantages of declaring himself anti- or pro-friar, concluding with the advice of neutrality in order not to end in the gallows or in exile.

―Pobres Frailes.‖ [Manila or Hong Kong ?]:Imp. de los Amigos del Pais, [13 June 1892?]. The original manuscript with typewritten copies is found in the National Library. Four pages. 21 cm x 17 cm. The manuscript is written in black ink on quarter-sized, ruled commercial paper on one side only. It is signed by ―Fr. Jacinto,‖ a pseudonym used by Rizal. It is a satirical article which deals with the financial losses suffered by the Dominican Corporation due to the bankruptcy of the New Oriental Bank. Rizal says that everyone may remain tranquil even if the Dominicans have lost hundreds of thousands of pesos because the Filipinos will always be willing to go on a fast in order to give them alms.

―Prescripciónes medicas.‖ N.p., n.d. It consists of 17 prescriptions; some of these have been ascertained. Some belong to the original collections of D. Alfonso Ongpín and Friedrich C. Umbreit; others were taken from photostatic copies in the possession of Dr. Geminiano de Ocampo and Dr Leoncio López-Rizal; some, from the Rizaliana of Mr. Umbreit; and another from the ―Apuntes de Clínica.‖

―Primeros ejercicios de composiciónes en castellano en el Ateneo Municipal.‖ N.p., [1873-74?]. The original manuscript is found in the National Library. Eight written pages. 22 cm x 16 cm. Written on ordinary stationary paper with many erasures. It consists of four short stories with a moral attached at the end of each story. The stories are entitled as follows: ―Abhorrence for the Curser,‖ ―The Shepherd and the rich Farmer,‖ ―Bad Companion,‖ ―Constancy and Work,‖ and a composition on the various kinds of orations. It was the custom at the Ateneo to require the students to write compositions; that is, they were made to write on a subject given by the professor. These exercises must have been his first compositions.

―Proyecto de colonización del British North Borneo por Filipinos.‖ N.p., [April 1892?]. The original manuscript is found in the National Library. Nine written pages. 32.5 cm x 21.5 cm. There also exists a French version of this document more detailed that the ―Projecto‖ with the title ―Colonisation du British North Borneo por des families des iles Philippines.‖ With the project are included various letters written between Rizal and other persons regarding this project; also various printed matter (a map, a list of the states of British North Borneo, and an official gazette). The project contains the bases and conditions submitted by Rizal for the signatures of the representatives of the British North Borneo and those of the Filipino colony.

―Revisita de Madrid.‖ Laong-Laan [pseud]. N.p., n.d. Unpublished. An account of the more notable events in Madrid. According to Ponce, it was written for the Diariong Tagalog, although it was not published because the newspaper had already ceased publication. This work is regis-tered in the National Library as written for the magazine of the Spanish-Filipino Circle. Signed with the pseudonym ―Laong-Laan,‖ Madrid, 2 November 1882. The original ma-nuscript is found in the National Library. 14 written pages. 21.5 cm x 16 cm.

―Rizal en el año de 1876 a 1877.‖ N.p., n.d. The original manuscript is found in the National Library and it consists of a notebook of 168 pages, four pages of which are devoted to the frontispiece; 87 written and 77 on blank ruled paper; some written in ink and others in pencil. 20.5 cm x 15 cm.

Ateneo Municipal. A notebook which contains the following: A study on the history of Spanish Literature (classical authors); fragments of rough drafts of a chapter of a short unfinished novel; of the allegory ―The Council of the Gods‖; and of the melodrama ―Junto al Pasig‖; some notes on medicine; and articles in Tagalog, including a translation in Tagalog, entitled ―Tinipung karunungan ng kaibigan ng mga taga Rhin‖ by Hebel. The title of the notebook was made by Rizal as well as the sketches in pencil which appear in the first and last pages of the notebook.

―Sobre el Rhin Aleman.‖ N.p, n.d. This manuscript in French is written on the back side of the last page of the manuscript entitled ―Le Pistolet de la Petite Baronne.‖ It is uncertain, though, if this work is a translation made by Rizal of the hymn or only a copy made by Rizal.

―Sobre los Sucesos de Calamba.‖ Hong Kong, n.d. The original manuscript is found in the National Library. Five written pages. 22 cm x 34.5 cm. This article treats of the problem of Calamba, which the author says is not a passing problem that intriguing politics exploits; it belongs to those which bring a long social condition and which with the passage of time increase in consequences. It belongs to those open ulcers which do not heal of themselves alone but rather bring about the death of a personality. Adding that public conscience has protested in Spain, in the Philippines, and in Europe in vain, Rizal says that no one erased the bloody stain on the page of Spanish-Filipino civilization.

―Tagalische Verskunst.‖ Berlin: Ethnographic Society, 1887. The original manuscript is found in the National Library. Four pages. 34.6 cm x 21.5 cm. The manuscript, a rough draft with erasures and corrections, is written on two sheets of commercial ruled paper with the signature of Rizal on the third page; on the fourth is a paragraph written in pencil, corrected and substituted by another written in ink. This same work has been translated into Tagalog by Rizal and is entitled ―Arte Métrica del Tagalog.‖ This work was read before the Ethnographic Society of Berlin on April 1887 and published by said society in the same year.

―Tartarin sur les Alps.‖ In French Composition Exercises by José Rizal, Noli Me Tangere Quarter-Centennial Series, edited by Austin Craig. Manila: Philippine Education Company, 1912. Without signature nor date, but it must have been written in 1887. It forms part of the existing French compositions in the Ayer Collection of the Newberry Library, Chicago. The National Library has a facsimile of this work. It refers to a romance of Alphonse Daudet.

―Tinipung Karunungan ng Kaibigan ng mga Taga Rhin.‖ N.p., n.d. This work must have been written in Germany, as Ponce believes. It is the beginning of a Tagalog translation of a book by Hebel, although this work is included in the notebook ―Rizal en el año 1876-1877.‖

―Último Adios.‖ First published in Odds and Ends, vol. 1, no. 4. Hong Kong, May 1898. Also reproduced in Germinal, Madrid, 9 June 1897; La Independencia, 25 September 1898; República Filipina, 30 December 1898; Wenceslao E. Retana, Archivo del Bibliófilo Filipino, vol. 4, 1898; Revista Blanca, Madrid, 15 April 1899; Retana, Aparato Bibliográfico de la Historia General de Filipinas, Madrid, 1906. Poem without title, but afterwards it was known by all by the preceding title as well as by the title ―Último Pensamiento.‖ This is the last poem of Rizal written days before his execution. The last and considered one of the best poems of the national hero, it was written during his last days of Fort Santiago, hidden in a small alcohol stove and given to his family on the afternoon of 29 December 1896. Of the many poems of Rizal, this is the only poem that has been translated into different languages. It was translated into Tagalog and other principal dialects of the country as well as English, Esperanto, German, French, Italian, Chinese, Indonesian, Japanese, etc.

―Un Libre Pensador.‖ [Madrid?], [1884?]. Without date, nor the place where it is written, but according to Ponce it might have been written in Madrid in the year 1884. The original manuscript is found in the National Library. It is written on one side of quarter-sized catalan paper, in black ink, writ-ten in small

fine handwriting, with corrections, erasures, and amendations. Without signature. 16 pages. 23.5 cm x 17 cm. It is a subtly satirical story in which Rizal portrays a free thinker.

―Un Recuerdo (Costumbres Filipinas).‖ N.p., n.d. The original manuscript with typewritten copies is found in the National Library. In the original manuscript, above the title ―Un Recuerdo,‖ appear the words ―Costumbres Filipinas‖ in a handwriting distinct from that of the author. No signature nor date, but from the text it may be conjectured that this story was written by the author while he was abroad, perhaps during the first years of his stay in Europe. A romantic story that, more than fiction, seems to be based on some incident in the author‘s life.

―Una visita del Señor a Filipinas.” Día Filipino, 30 December 1920, 8:43-44. (Article entitled ―Cuentos Inéditos del Dr. José Rizal. Fragmento de una obra inédita‖). According to M. Ponce in Wenceslao Retana, Vida y escritos del Dr. Rizal, 46, ―… to judge by the writing, this work pertains to the type of ‗Vision de P. Rodriguez‘; it gives a criticism of the state and conditions of the country in the mouth of celestial beings.‖ Incomplete. Without title. No date nor signature. 44 pages. Written on two notebooks; the first contains 31 written sheets on one side of ruled commercial paper and five sheets are blank; the second contains 13 sheets on quarter-sized paper, also written on one side. The first notebook, 35.5 cm x 22 cm; the second, 22 cm x 17 cm. The manuscript is a rough draft of the beginnings of a novel. There are erasures and corrections.

―Una Soireé Chez M. B.― (A reunion in the house of Mr. B.). Spanish translation by Ponce published in The Independent, 22 September 1917. A chronicle written in French concerning the feast or reunion held at the house of Mr. B. to which Dr. Rizal was invited. Berlin 1887. The original manuscript is found in the National Library. Two pages. 35 cm x. 21.5 cm. The original is written on two pages of ruled commercial paper, with the signature of Rizal at the end. The corrections are made in violet ink. It deals with a reunion in the house of Mr. B. on the second day of Easter Week, where Rizal had a pleasant time.

―Unter den Linden.‖ In French Composition Exercises by José Rizal, Noli Me Tangere Quarter Centennial Series, edited by Austin Craig. Manila: Philippine Education Company, 1912. It forms part of the compositions in French in the Ayer Collection of the Newberry Library, Chicago. No signature nor date, but it was probably written in Berlin, 1887. The National Library has a manuscript copied in pencil by Ponce of this work. It treats of the beautiful Berlin boulevard.

―Vocabulario Hebreo-Castellano.‖ N.p., n.d. It is a short vocabulary work which is interposed in ―Apuntes de Clínica.‖

―Vocabulario Inglés-Tagalog.‖ In Documentos Rizalinos. Manila, 1953. The original manuscript is found in the National Library. It is incomplete. It may have been the beginning of a dictionary of the Tagalog language which he intended to write, according to a letter from his brother-in-law D. Manuel T. Hidalgo dated 5 June. See Epistolario Rizalino, 4:206.

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NON-EXTANT DIARIES

Diarios de Viajes. Travel diaries whose original manuscripts are not extant, those whose originals are extant appear in the list of original manuscripts.

a. ―Diario de Viajes de Calamba a Barcelona y Madrid [1 May 1882 to 3 May 1883].‖ The same diary which appears in Retana‘s bibliography entitled Memorias intimas. The original of this diary was in the possession of E. de Lete and was sold to the Philippine government through the efforts of Dr.

Mariano V. del Rosario. Presently, however, it cannot be located. Prof. Antonio M. Molina secured a copy of the manuscript from Dr. del Rosario in 1944 which was published with the title ―Memorias de J. Rizal,‖ annotated by Molina in Unitas, Numbers 2, 3 and 4 April to December 1953.

This is an account of his impressions from the moment of his departure from Calamba on 1 May 1882 (Monday) up to 3 May 1883.

b. ―Diario en Madrid [1 January to June 1884].‖ It came to the possession of D. Clemente J. Zulueta, together with the notebook containing his clinical notes. At present, both documents belong to the collection of the North American bibliophile, Mr. E. Ayer. According to Retana, this diary was carried by Rizal in a desk diary.

c. ―Diario de Viaje. De Manila a Japon via Hong Kong y Macao [3 February 1888 to 13 April 1888].‖ Día Filipino, 49-51. 19 June 1921. This was published in part by Manuel Artigas y Cuerva in the monthly publication, Biblioteca Nacional Filipina, in its 20 June 1910 issue with the title ―Diario de un Viaje de Manila al Japón 1888.‖ It is a diary of his observations in Hong Kong, Macao and Japan.

d. ―Diario de Viaje: A través de Norte América [28 April to 19 May 1888].‖ In Vida y Escritos del Dr. José Rizal, edited by Wenceslao Retana, 153-55. According to Mr. Vicente Elío, some parts have been published in several Filipino newspapers. It describes Rizal‘s impressions from his arrival in San Francisco on the morning of Saturday, 28 April 1888 until his departure for New York on Wednesday, 19 May 1888.

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NON-EXTANT OR MISSING WORKS

―A Filipinas‖ (A sonnet). La Independencia, Malabon, 29 December 1898. See also Jaime de Veyra, Poesías de Rizal, 33. According to Vicente Elío, it was dated on February 1889 and written in the literary album of the defunct Society of Sculptures. The original was formerly owned by Don Romualdo Teodero de Jesús. This is a patriotic poem in which Rizal says in part: ―My muse, murmurous with tenderness ‗Sings to her among naiads and undines‘ My joy and fortune I offer her.‖ (Veloso)

―A Josefina.‖ In Poesías de Rizal, edited by Jaime C. de Veyra, 68. Also published in Frank C. Laubach, Rizal, Man and Martyr (Manila, 1936), 309-10. This short poem was improvised by Rizal in Dapitan, 1895, after a visit by Josephine Brac-ken.

―A la Juventud Filipina.‖ Revista del Liceo Artístico Literario de Manila. Supplement to no. 4, (1879), 1: 25-26. Published also in La Independencia, 25 September 1898; in República Filipina, 30 December 1898 (Mandaluyong: Rizal); , 393-95; in Wenceslao. E. Retana, Aparato Bibliográfico, vol. 3 (Madrid, 1906), 1577-78; idem, Vida y Escritos del Dr. José Rizal ([n.p.],1907), 32-33; Nuestro Tiempo (Madrid, December 1904); Jaime C. de Veyra, Poesías de Rizal (Manila,1946), 31. etc. See also the Tagalog translation in Honorio LópezRizal (Manila, 1901), 21-22. This ode, with the theme ―Grow, O timid flower,‖ obtained the first prize, which consisted of a silver pen, in the Literary Contest sponsored by the Artistic Literary Society in 1879. This poem is a call to the Filipino youth, in which for the first time in public the Philippines is alluded to as the fatherland of the Filipinos. This sentiment is found in the first stanza of the poem as follows:

Hold high the brow serene,

O youth, where now you stand;

Let the bright sheen

Of your grace be seen

Fair hope of my Fatherland!

―A La Patria.‖ La Solidaridad,15 November 1899. With signature. It consists of a short answer to an article in La Patria published 26 September of the same year.

―AC.‖ El Renacimiento, Manila, 29 December 1904. This manuscript, which is found in the National Library, is a copy made by M. Ponce. This poem, written in Madrid on 22 August 1883, was dedicated to the daughter of Counselor of Ultramar, Don Pablo, in whose house in Madrid Filipinos used to gather once a week. According to Palma in his Biografía de Rizal, 55, she was born in the Philippines, but grew up in Spain. Orphaned of her mother since childhood, she possessed a talent and a knowledge uncommon in those days. A romantic, gracious, and comely maiden, Rizal took a fancy to her, and for more than two years frequented her house without frankly revealing his feelings, perhaps out of respect to the memory of the absent Leonor.

―A la Señorita S. K.‖ [1876 or 1877?]. A poem dedicated by the author to Ms. Segunda Katigbak, who in his P. Jacinto: Memorias de un estudiante de Manila [Manila, 1949], he describes with the sub-lime ingenuity of a pure soul ―the sentiments and the dreams which this woman has inspired in him; the past scenes in the parlor of Concordia College, in which she was a student; the pain-ful melancholy which overpowered him after seeing her for the last time on the road to Ca-lamba as she was returning to her town from Manila to get married to a distant relative…‖ See M. Ponce in the El Renacimiento, 29 Decem-ber 1906. This work appears in the bibliography of Vicente Elío but not in those of Retana and Palma.

―A la Virgen María.‖ La Alborada, Manila, 30 December 1901. Reproduced in Wenceslao E. Retana, Vida y Escritos del Dr. José Rizal, 459-60. Vicente Elío believes that this was sonnet written in Manila in 1889. The original was Burned during the liberation of Manila, 1945.

―A los Filipinos.― Nuestro Tiem-po, 10 May 1906. Also in Wenceslao E. Retana, Vida y Escritos del Dr. José Rizal, 243-44; and Epistolario Rizalino, 3:346-47. It is also known as ―Testamento Político.‖ This letter dated in Hong Kong, 20 June 1892, with another letter addressed to his parents, sis-ters and friends and bearing the same date, were entrusted before his return to the Phil-ippines on June 1892 to Dr. Lorenzo P. Mar-quez, a Portuguese friend of the hero, with the caution not to open these letters till after his death. According to Dr. Leoncio López-Rizal, who provided the typewritten copies of this testa-ment, the original manuscripts which he kept before they were Burned had been brought to Manila by Marciano Rivera in 1898.

―A mi…‖ Laong-Laan [pseud]. La Solidaridad, 15 December 1890, vol. 2, no. 45. Also published in La Independencia, 25 September 1898; República Filipina, 30 December 1898; (1899), 397-400; Día Filipino, 30 December 1890, 8; and Jaime C. de Veyra, Poesías de Rizal, 56. This poem is written in stanzas of five lines, being an invocation to the muse or to sacred inspiration.

―A Nuestra Querida Madre Patria.‖ Paris: Imp. Charaire, 1889. Also published in Día Filipino, 30 Decem-ber 1915. A sheet with the text written in three columns, this manifesto in-cludes another one issued by Felipe Buencamino in Manila. (See Wenceslao E. Retana, Vida y Escritos del Dr. José Rizal, 467.) This manifesto is a reply to another signed by Felipe Buencamino in the name of the Fili-pinos dated in the Philippines, 24 August 1889. This came out in Paris, copying at the begin-ning the

manifesto of Buencamino followed by ―La historia de Buencamino!‖ and after ―some brief considerations.‖ It concludes in a disdain-ful tone. A fragment of this work is found in Retana, Vida y Escritos, 182.

―Abd-el-Azis y Mahoma.‖ Día Filipino, 30 December 1912, 67. Also in A Historical Romance, 8 December 1879; and Jaime C. de Veyra, Poesías de Rizal, 29-31. With the title ―Mahoma se Estremece,― it was declaimed by Mr. Manuel Fernandez y Maninang in the stage presentation on 8 Decem-ber 1879 in honor of the Immaculate Concep-tion, patron of the Ateneo Municipal de Mani-la. Vicente Elío claims he possesses a copy of the original.

―Adiciones a mi defensa.‖ Nuestro Tiempo, 1907. Also published in Día Filipino, 19 June 1917; and Wenceslao Retana, Vida y Escritos del Rizal, 404-08. This is an additional argument in his defense read by Rizal on 26 December 1896. It is believed that the original of this work is found together with the documents of the trial of Rizal in the Military Archives of Segovia.

―Al Excmo. Sr. D. Vicente Barrantes.‖ La Solidaridad, 15 February 1890. Reproduced in Homenaje a José Rizal (1899), 169-87; Epistola-rio Rizalino (Manila, [1930?]), 2:294-303; in The Independent,17 February 1917, 22-23. It is an article in the form of a letter, reply-ing in a subtle and sarcastic manner to an article of Barrantes that was published in the España Moderna, January 1890, about the Noli. Ac-cording to Retana, this letter is one of the chas-tisements, a political one, dealt by Rizal to Bar-rantes.

―Al Muy R. P. Pablo Ramos, S. J., Rector del Ateneo en sus días.‖ In Poesías de Rizal, edited by Jaime C. de Veyra, 50. Manila, 1946. A Sapphic ode dated 25 January 1881. According to Retana, the copy which he had was one of the first which at that time passed from hand to hand among the students of the Ateneo who belonged to the Academy of Spanish Literature.

―Al Niño Jesus.‖ In Poesías de Rizal, edited by Jaime C. de Veyra, 5. Manila, 1946. According to Ponce, it is an unpublished poem dated in Manila, 14 Nov-ember, without indicating the year. Retana be-lieves that this poem was written during the time when Rizal was in his second year at the Ateneo, 1874-1875. The original manuscript was Burned during the liberation of Manila in 1945 in the posses-sion of Don Leoncio López-Rizal.

―Alianza intima entre la Religión y la Educación.‖ In Poesías de Rizal, edited by Jaime C. de Veyra, 17-18. Manila, 1946. The author was only 15 years old when he wrote this poem. Retana entitles this poem ―Alianza intima entre la religion y la buena education.‖

―Alin Mang Lahi.‖ N.p., n.d. A kundiman written in Ta-galog which, according to Don Epifanio de los Santos, is by Rizal. H. Santos has made a Spa-nish translation of this poem. Prof. Antonio J. Molina has made researches on this song and affirms that even the music is composed by Rizal. Prof. Molina has made two transcrip-tions of the music of this work.

―Ang mga Karapatan ng Tao.‖ Hong Kong, 1891-1892. Also published in Journal of History 5, nos. 1 and 2, 1957. ―A Tagalog translation of the Rights of Man proclaimed by the French Revolution in 1789, it was published bilingually in great quantities in the form of handbills (Spanish-Tagalog).‖ -Mariano Ponce. ―I suppose that these handbills which may be classified among those which in the Philip-pines are given the generic name of manifesto, was issued during Rizal‘s stay in Hong Kong, and therefore, between November 1891 and June 1892.‖-In Wenceslao E. Retana, Vida y Escritos del Dr. José Rizal, 470.

―Apuntes de Literatura Española de Hebreo y Arabe.‖ N.p., n.d. ―Interposed in a notebook. Without date, but these notes may be supposed to have been written between 1884-85.‖-M. Ponce in Wenceslao Retana, Vida y Escritos del Dr. José Rizal, 462.

―Apuntes de Obstetricia.‖ N.p., [1882-1883?]. According to Retana in Vida y Escritos del Dr. José Rizal, 461, these notes are found in the notebook which contains ―Memorias íntimas,‖ which was in the possession of D. Eduardo de Lete. In turn, Mr. de Lete sold the notebook to the Philippine Government through the mediation of Dr. Mariano V. del Rosario.

―Artículo que habla del filibusterismo en Filipinas.‖ El Progreso, July 1884. Rizal mentions in ―Datos para mi Defensa,― “I” described filibusterism in a newspaper in Madrid (El Progreso) on June 1884, calling the attention of the government to its causes and its future.

―Autocrítica del Noli Me Tangere‖ Berlin, March 1887. In Vida y Escritos del Dr. José Rizal, by Wenceslao E. Retana, 125-26. Also in Nuestro Tiempo (extracts only). This is the title which appears in the bibliography of Retana given to a letter of Rizal in French to Félix Resurrección Hidalgo, referring to the Noli Me Tangere. According to Retana, Vida, 125, the draft of this letter is found in the Cuaderno de Clínica after a literary study entitled ―Essai sur Pierre Corneille” and after a translation of a story dated ―Berlin, 5 March 1887.‖ It is an analysis and a critique of his pur-pose in writing the Noli.

―Canto del Viajero.‖ Originally published in El Renacimiento, 29 December 1903. Also reproduced in Wenceslao Retana, Vida y Escritos del Dr. José Rizal, 331-32; Día Filipino, 19 June 1878 (in English); La Vanguardia, December 1932; and Jaime C. de Veyra, Poesías de Rizal (1946), 68. This was probable that this poem was written after he left Dapitan in 1896.

―Cervantes en Argamasilla de Alba.‖ N.p., n.d. Has 295 poetic lines. No copy of this article exists. This poem describes the life of the author of Don Quijote de la Mancha, Don Miguel Cervantes Saavedra.

―Como se engaña a la Patria.‖ La Solidaridad, 15 December 1870. Also in Homenaje a José Rizal, 359-72; and in La Independencia, 15 September 1898 (one third of the article was published). In this article, Rizal discourses on the misgovernment of his country, enumerating the blunders of the administration.

Correspondencia Epistolar

a. Epistolario Rizalino. Manila: Bureau of Printing, 1930-38. 5 vols. This is a compilation of the correspondence of Dr. José Rizal with members of his family, with his friends and with different persons, native and foreign. The first volume published in 1930 contains letters written from 1877-1887; the second in 1931 with letters from 1887-1890; the third volume in 1933, with letters from 1890-1892; the fourth in 1936, with letters from 1892-1896; the fifth (first part) in 1938 with letters from 1886-1883; and the fifth (second part) in 1938 with letters from 1888 to 1896.

There are some letters already included in the Epistolario which had been published with the title Autógrafos Inéditos de Rizal en Cultura Filipina (Manila, December 1912), and in the Día Filipino (Manila, 19 June 1921). Also about 26 letters written by Rizal to his family were also published with the title ―Cartas Familares del Dr. Rizal” in Cultura Filipina, May 1911; The Independent, 17 June 1916; and in the Día Filipino, 30 December 1930.

b. Letters found in Documentos Rizalinos, regalados por el pueblo español al pueblo filipino. Manila: Bureau of Printing, 1953. 200 pages, 15 illustrations.

c. One Hundred Letters of José Rizal to his Parents, Brothers, Sisters, Relatives. Manila: Philippine National Historical Society, 1959. Many of the letters in this book have not yet been published and the majority of these letters are in the possession of Don Eugenio López.

―Cosas de Filipinas.‖ La Solidaridad, 30 April 1890. Also published in Homenaje a José Rizal, 221-240. With sarcasm and mordant irony, the author attacks the newspapers of the Philippines, particularly the Porvenir de Visayas, and ends with a condemnation of the Guardia Civil for their abuses and cruelties.

―Deducciónes - El según Él. Por un Pigmeo.‖ In España en Filipinas, Madrid, 28 April 1887. Signed with the initial ―R‖ at the end of the article. This work is included in the bibliographies of Retana, Elío, and Palma, but no copy can be found.

―Descripción de algunos peces con dibujos.‖ Dapitan, n.d. The original manuscript was Burned during the liberation of Manila in 1945. This work was mentioned in Dr. José P. Bantug, Rizal, Scholar and Scientist (Manila, 1946).

―Descripciónes de plantas medicinales, maderas de contrucción, especies olcoginosas o resinosas, y de algunos metales, heterópsidos y antópsidos de una collección naturalista.‖ N.p, n.d. McYear has seen a thick manuscript with more than 400 sheets in the possession of the Governor of Dapitan at the time in which Rizal was exiled. McYear believed that the manuscript must have been destroyed. Contains the descriptive catalogue of a naturalist‘s collection of specimens, many descriptions made by Rizal signed with the initials Dr. J. R. The same year McYear affirms that about two thirds of other classifications represented Rizal‘s collaboration with the governor who was later transferred to Mindoro, when he was caught by the Revolution of 1898, and captured by the Filipinos.

―Diferencias.‖ La Solidaridad, 15 September 1888. This is a counter reply to the article ―Verdades Viejas‖ in La Patria, 14 August 1889. It refers to the differences of criteria between the two newspapers with respect to the actual governmental reforms in the Philippines.

―Discurso del Dr. Rizal en el Banquete dado en honor de los pintores Filipinos.‖ Dos Mundos. Madrid, 1884. Also published in Homenaje a Luna, Madrid 1888, 97-104; Nuestro Tiempo, March 1905; and in Wenceslao E. Retana, Vida y Escritos del Dr. José Rizal, 94-98. This famous speech was delivered on 25 June 1884 in honor of Juan Luna and Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo who obtained first and second prizes respectively in the Fine Arts contest held in the Madrid Exposition of 1884. Rizal frankly and openly exposed the political situation in the Philippines, things which (according to Palma in his Biografía de Rizal)‖nobody (Filipino) had ever attempted before.‖

―Discursio brindis de Rizal en Barcelona.‖ Barcelona, n.d. No copy. Written in the house occupied by Maximo Viola- according to the ―Mis Viajes con Dr. Rizal por Maximo Viola.‖

―Discursio en Leitmeritz, Bohemia (14 May 1887).‖ Día Filipino, 19 June 1921, 47. It is an extemporaneous speech delivered in the Tourists‘ Club of Leitmeritz, Austria, replying to the greeting . Dr. Blumentritt, who was present, transcribed the speech.

―Dudas.‖ España en Filipinas, Madrid, 28 May 1887. It is probable that this and the article entitled ―Las Dudas‖ are one and the same.

―Ejercicios en Lengua Francesca.‖ , edited by Austin Craig, Quarter-Centennial Series. Manila: Philippine Education Company, 1912. 108 pages. Some

are translations; the last ten exercises with the exception of Proverbs form part of the Ayer Collection, Newberry Library, Chicago.

―El Amor Patrio.‖ Laong-Laan [pseud]. Diariong Tagalog, Manila, 20 August 1882. Also published in Heraldo de La Revolución, 31 October 1889; República Filipina [n.d.]; in Homonaje a Rizal; and in pamphlet form. The Bureau of Public Libraries has a copy of the manuscript made by another person. Written with special black ink, quarto size, on both sides. 11 pages, 21.7 cm x 17 cm. Rizal talks with the warmth of an apostle about love of country. According to Mariano Ponce, a Tagalog translation of this article entitled ―Ang Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa,‖ is published in Diariong Tagalog, 1882, at the same time as the Spanish. This was also published in the Heraldo de la Revolución, Barasoain, Bulacan, 30 December 1898. See Honorio López, Ang Buhay ni Dr. José Rizal (Manila, 1909), 63-72.

―El Cautiverio y El Triunfo: Batalla de Lucena y prision de Boabdil.‖ In Poesías de Rizal, edited by Jaime C. de Veyra, 10. A poem in 4 lines. According to the information given to Mr. Ramón R. Guerrero by Fr. Francisco de P. Sanchez, it deals with the victory of Don Diego and the capture of the Moslem Boabdil.

―El Combate: Urbiztondo, terror de Jolo.‖ In Poesías de Rizal, edited by Jaime C. de Veyra, 7. Manila, 1946. A romantic poem dated 3 December 1876 according to Father Sanchez.

―El Consejo de los Dioses.‖ Revista del Liceo Artístico Literario de Manila, 23 April 1889. Also published in La Solidaridad, 30 April 1893; El Comercio, 31 December 1900; and in Wenceslao E. Retana, Aparato Bibliografico, 3:1581-86. It was arranged in dramatic form in Tagalog by Pascual H. Poblete. It reappeared in pamphlet form in another dramatic adaptation by Lope Blas Hucapte in Manila, 1915. Parts of the poem appeared in a notebook containing a manuscript of the hero entitled ―Rizal en el Año de 1876 a 1877, Ateneo Municipal.‖ The manuscript is now in the archives of the Bureau of Public Libraries. It is an allegory in which a parallelism among Homer, Virgil and Cervantes is established.

―El Embarque - Himno de la Flota de Magallanes.‖ La Patria, Manila, 30 December 1899. Also published in Wenceslao E. Retana, Vida y escritos del Dr. José Rizal, 26-27. Dated 5 December 1899, this poem is an eulogy and encomium to the brave Spanish soldiers under the command of Ferdinand Magellan.

―El Historiador de Filipinas, Don Fernando Blumentritt.‖ España en Filipinas, 7 July 1887. The initial ―J.R.‖ is written at the end of the article. According to Wenceslao Retana, Vida escritos del Dr. José Rizal, 465:

Rizal says at the end: In other articles, we shall specially deal with his works, which have not yet been translated in Spanish . . . but this promise was not kept! No copy of the article with this title could be secured. See ―En Eulogio de Blumentritt.‖

―El Marqués de Malinta, por la gracia de Dios y de su señora la Marquesa de las Loterías, Sultán de Filipinas, etc. etc.‖ Hong Kong,30 November 1888. It is a satirical pamphlet about the supposed Marqués de Malinta and his lady, the Marquesa de las Loterías, but in real life it refers to the governor-general of the Philippines at that time.

―En El Bosque.‖ N.p., n.d. This poem was mentioned by Rizal in his letter to Mariano Ponce dated Paris, 19 March 1889, but was not sent to the La Solidaridad. What happened to this poem could not be ascertained.

―En Eulogio de Blumentritt.‖ Epistolario Rizalino, part 1, 4:5-6. There exists a doubt as to whether or not this work is the same as the ―El Historiador de Filipinas Don Fernando Blumentritt described herewith.‖ However, if we take into account the closing lines of the article, ―El Historiador‖ quoted by Ponce in Retana‘s Vida y Escritos del Rizal, 465, it seems that the two are different from each other.

―En las Montanas.‖ Germany, 1887. Original manuscript now lost was previously in the possession of Dr. Maximo Viola, according to Mariano Ponce as quoted by Retana in his Vida y Escritos del Rizal, 465.

―Ensañamiento.‖ La Solidaridad, Manila, 15 August 1889. It is a defense of Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt against an article of a certain Bachiller Manuel de Veras (assumed name of D. M. Ma. Rincón) published in the satirical newspaper Manililla, 1 June 1889.

―Esbozo Sobre La Lengua Tiruray.‖ In his letter to Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt, 28 November 1886. See Epistolario Rizalino, 5:33. Rizal intimated that he wrote a short script, ―which you will find at the end of the book: I believe that this dialect is easy to learn. . .‖ No copy is available.

―Escrito Dirigido Al Capitan General de Filipinas.‖ [n.p.] 1884. See Epistolario Rizalino, 4:193-94. Mentioned in the bibliography prepared by Vicente Elío.

―Estatutos de la Sociedad de Agricultores Dapitanos.‖ The Independent, 1 January 1895, 21. Dated in Dapitan on 1 January 1895. The aim of the Association is to dedicate itself to the purchase, sale, loading, unloading, warehousing, etc. of the merchandise owned and acquired by the Society.

―Estudios Sobre La Lengua Tagala 1893.‖ La Patria, Manila, 30 December 1899, no. 85. ―Treaties written in Dapitan and dedicated to F. Francisco de P. Sánchez, S.J., in 1893. The original manuscript, according to Mr. Ramón R. Guerrero, is kept by Father Sánchez. It compromises a small book.‖ See Wenceslao Retana, Vida y Escritos del Rizal, 471. A Tagalog translation of this work was made by Prof. Cecilio López under the title ―Mga Pag-aaral sa Wikang Tagalog.‖ Vicente Elío mentions this work with the title ―Gramática Tagala.‖

―Etnografía de la Isla de Mindanao.‖ Dapitan, 1895. This is a translation of an article by Dr. Blumetritt, ―Begleitwarte zu Meiner des Insel Mindanao.‖ The translator dedicates this version to its Austrian author ―in token of affection and consideration.‖

―Excmo, Sr. D. Vicente Barrantes (siguen los títulos y condecoraciones, etcetera, etc. etc.).‖ La Solidaridad, Barcelona, 15 and 30 June 1889. Also in (Manila, 1889), 51; Epistolario Rizalino, 2:186-98; and The Independent, 10 February 1917. This was also published in pamphlet form with the title ―Barrantes y El Teatro Tagalo,‖ (Barcelona, Possas 1889), and with this title was included in the bibliography prepared by Retana. It is a humorous letter about some articles which appeared in the La Ilustración Artística of Barcelona. ―The vibrant spirit of Rizal in this article gave the poor Barrantes a sample of the fine and delicate Voltairian irony. The Spanish savant was subjected by the illustrious Filipino to the most complete ridicule.‖ -T.H. Pardo de Tavera, Biblioteca Filipina, 365.

―Felicitación.‖ In Poesías de Rizal, edited by Jaime C. De Veyra, 3. This poem was written in honor of his brother-in-law, Antonio López, husband of Da. Narcisa Rizal, on the occasion of his birthday (28 December). Rizal wrote it as a form of greeting by his sisters. The original manuscript of this poem was Burned during the liberation of Manila in 1945. Because of this poem, Rizal resented remarks made by F. Leoncio López.

―Filipinas dentro de Cien Años.‖ La Solidaridad, 30 September, 31 October, 15 December 1889; and 1 February 1890. Also published in , 85-142; Wenceslao E. Retana, Archivo del Bibliófilo Filipino (Madrid, 1897), 5:265-315; Revista Historica de Filipinas (Manila, 1905), 1:107; in Nueva Era Press, 1953; and in [Imprenta] Manila Filatélica (n.d). This work has been translated into Tagalog and English. The Spanish text was published in pamphlet form with the same title in Manila in 1922. In this politico-social study, the author says that the ―advancement and moral progress of the Philippines is inevitable‖ and that Spain should effect such reforms as a free press, representation in the Cortes, equitable administration of justice, etc. because ―the Philippines then shall either remain under Spanish domination but with more rights and privileges or shall declare itself independent after shedding blood and causing bloodshed to the Mother Land.‖

―Filipinas en el Congreso.‖ La Solidaridad, 31 March 1890. Also in The Independent, 10 March 1917. Rizal praises the address of Congressman Francisco Calvo Muñoz in the Congress asking for the representation of the Philippines in the Spanish Cortes and since this proposal had not been approved, he then asked for freedom of the press, because the free press is the inseparable companion, or better yet, that which opens the path to parliamentary representation.

―Flores de Heidelberg.‖ La Solidaridad, 15 December 1889. Also published in La Independencia, 25 September 1898; República Filipina, 30 December 1898; in , 405-407; Nuestro Tiempo, February 1905; Wenceslao E. Retana, Vida y Escritos del Dr. José Rizal (Germany, 1887), 103-104; and in Jaime C. de Veyra, Poesías de Rizal, 54-55. The manuscript in the possession of the Bureau of Public Libraries is only a copy possibly done by another person. This nostalgic poem was written in 1887; in it Rizal appeals to the flowers to go to his country to assuage the sad memories he holds for his beloved Philippines.

―Fragmento de Una Novela.‖ Np., n.d. Unpublished and Incomplete. According to Retana, Vida y Escritos del Dr. Rizal, 472, this work was written in Dapitan. Mariano Ponce published portions of it in a pamphlet of El Renacimiento (1902) under the title ―Escritos inéditos del Dr. José Rizal.‖ It is a novel which talks of, among other things, the arrival of the new politico-military governor in the town of Concordia.

―Gramática Tagala Comparada.‖ Dapitan, [1895?]. Written in English. Left incomplete. Unpublished. No copy available. Mentioned in the bibliography of Retana.

―Himno A Talisay.‖ In Archivo del Bibliófilo Filipino, edited by Wenceslao E. Retana, vol 4 (partial). Also published in A.T. Ongpín, Imprenta Manila Filatélica; and in Jaime C. De Veyra‘s Poesías de Rizal, 63-64. Written in Dapitan on 13 October 1895. What was published in the Archivo del Bibliófilo Filipino is nothing more than the second stanza to which was added three verses of the fifth. The full hymn is composed of six stanzas and chorus. This is the poem in which other translations in English was erroneously given the title of ―Hymn to the Talisay tree.‖ Talisay was the name of the site where Rizal lived in Dapitan.

―Himno al Trabajo.‖ In Poesías de Rizal, edited by Jaime C. De Veyra, 53-54. Also published in Rafael Palma, Biografía de Rizal, 106-107; in Ocampo, Ella and Hernandez, Rizal as Economist and Educator, Part 2; in Zaide, Rizal’s Life, Works and Writings, 278-279. It is believed that this poem was written in honor of the town of Lipa, Batangas when it was converted into a municipality, 1888(?). It is a hymn on the importance of labor whether in time of war or in time of peace.

―Historia de la Familia Rizal de Calamba.‖ Día Filipino, 30 December 1920, 5:44-45. This is a genealogical treatise of the Rizal family from his paternal and maternal ascendants. According to Professor Austin Craig, this is an unpublished manuscript that Rizal dedicated to his family. It was written in Dapitan for his nephews.

―Inconsecuencias. ‖ La Solidaridad, 30 November 1889. It is a reply to an article of Celso Mir Deas, columnist of the Pueblo Sobrano which published in its 9 November issue a personal attack against the painter Juan Luna, taking him as ―Taga-Ilog‖ who was none other than Antonio Luna.

―Informe al Administrador de Hacienda Pública de la Hacienda de los PP Domínicos de Calamba.‖ In Soberanía Monacal, by Marcelo H. del Pilar, appendix. N.p., January 1880. ―It was signed by the Gobernadorcillo, the Principalía and 70 well known residents of Calamba. It is the origin, the first stone hurled and which motivated the celebrated case between the town and a powerful religious corporation.‖ - M. Ponce in Retana, Vida y Escritos del Rizal, 446.

―Ingratitudes.‖ La Solidaridad, 15 January 1890. It is a reply in the form of a comment to a correspondence from the Philippines published in El Día 29 December 1889.

―Juan Luna.‖ Laong-Laan [pseud.]. La Revista Hispano Americana, Barcelona, 28 February 1886. Vol. 7, no. 278. ―With a picture of the famous Filipino painter in the front page of the newspaper.‖ -M. Ponce. It is a short but heartfelt biography of his friend and illustrious compatriot, the great painter, Juan Luna, artist of the celebrated ―Spolarium.‖

―Junto Al Pasig.‖ La Patria, 30 December 1902. Reproduced in the Nuestro Tiempo by Wenceslao. E. Retana. Also appears in Retana, Vida y Escritos del Dr. José Rizal, 37-50; and Jaime C. De Veyra, Poesías de Rizal, 34-48. Translated into Tagalog by Patricio Mariano. The Spanish original which was published in the La Patria was printed in the new pamphlet edited by the Día Filipino, Manila, 1915, entitled ―Junto al the first time on 8 Decmeber 1880 with music by Blas Echegoyen, on the stage of the Ateneo Municipal de Manila. The second presentation was made in the Velada Literaria Lírica Musical organized by the newspaper Día Filipino with a musical score by Manuel Vélez, and took place on 19 June 1915. Portions of this work appear in the notebook containing ―Rizal en el Año 1876 a 1877, Ateneo Municipal,‖ whose original manuscript is found in the Bureau of Public Libraires. A Tagalog translation of the chorus of this melodrama was made by Honorio López and published in Ang Buhay ni Dr. Rizal, 18 with the title ―Sa Virgen ng Antipolo.‖

―Justice in the Philippines.‖ In Rizal’s Political Writings, edited by Austin Craig, 1933. It is a letter in English to the director of the Hong Kong Telegraph about the events which happened in Calamba and signed by Philippino.

―Kundiman.‖ Día Filipino, 30 December 1921. Spanish version published in Jaime C. De Veyra‘s Poesías de Rizal, 58-59. The original manuscript of this work that formed part of the Epifanio de los Santos Collection was Burned during the liberation of Manila in 1945. The Spanish version also belong to him. This kundiman begins with:

Tunay ngayong umid yaring dila‘t puso

Sinta‘u umiilag tua‘y lumalayo

Bayan palibhasa‘y lupig at sumuko‘

Sa Kapabayaan, nagturong puno.

―La Conquista de Granada.‖ Originally published as ―Entrada Triunfal de los Reyes Catolocos en Granda.‖ Día Filipino, 36-37. Also in Jaime C. de Veyra, Poesías de Rizal, 12-16. According to Retana on page 458 of his Vida y Escritos del Rizal,where gave it the title of ―La Conquista de

Granada: abre la ciudad sus puertas a los vencedores,‖ this work is ―a legend in verse; dated 3 December 1876-‖-Ramón R. Guerrero, as communicated to him by F. Sanchez.

―La Exportación del Azúcar Filipino.‖ Hong Kong, 1891. This work is also known as ―A La Industria Azucarera de Filipinas‖ according to Mr. Vicente Elío. ―This is another paper which treats of the exportation of Philippine sugar. Printed in Hong Kong late in 1891 or in the early part of 1892.‖-Mariano Ponce. See Wenceslao Retana, Vida y Escritos del Dr. José Rizal, 470.

―La Mano Roja.― Hong Kong, June 1892. It is a leaflet calling the attention to the frequency of the intentional fires in Manila at that time. A Tagalog translation of this work entitled ―Ang Mapulang Kamay‖ is made by G.M. in October, 1894, and published also as a leaflet, although in it neither this date nor these initials appear. See Retana, Vida y escritos, 470.

―La Muerte de Magallanes.‖ N.p., n.d. No copy. This article was mentioned by Rizal in his letter to ―los Solis‖ dated at Paris, 2 April 1889.

―La Verdad para Todos.‖ La Solidaridad, 31 May 1889. Also published by Plaridel in the La Frailocracia Filipina, Barcelona, 1889, pp. 64-72, and in the Homenaje a José Rizal, 33-49. These are comments on the demoralization of the colonial government in the Philippines and close with a warning that ―There is still no filibusterism, but there will be sure and terrible if it continues to be seen.‖

―La Visión De Fray Rodríguez.‖ Dimas Alang [pseud]. Barcelona, 1889. Translated in English by Mr. F.M. De Rivas in Chicago, published in Murat Halstead, Story of the Philippines (Chicago, 1898), 220-35; in the Homenaje a José Rizal, 143-168, and in Ponteverda, Negros. In this satire, Rizal gives a sound lesson to the Augustinian friar in the form of a dialogue between San Agustín and F. Rodríguez.

―Las luchas de nuestros días por D.F. Pi y Margall.‖ La Solidaridad, 15 and 30 November 1890. Also in Homenaje a José Rizal: 337-358. These are commentaries of Rizal about this work. He recommends the works of Mr. Pi y Margall and makes a critical study of the same ―in so far as they refer to the life of the towns and of individuals in general and of the colonies in particular, calling the attention over the ideas in consonance or dissonance with Philippine aspirations.‖

―Lecciones de Clínica Médica. Madrid, 4 October 1883 to 25 May 1884.‖ In Vida y Escritos del Dr. José Rizal, edited by Wenceslao Retana. These are notes in clinical medicine which are included in a clinical notebook together with another work entitled ―Apuntes de Clínica.‖

―Limang Salita na Ysinalin sa Tagalog ni José Rizal.‖ N.p., n.d. The original manuscript of this work has disappeared. However, the Bureau of Public Libraries has a photostatic copy of the manuscript. With a preface by Antonia R. Villanueva, this work of the hero was published by the Bureau of Printing, Manila in 1944. It was also published by the Bureau of Public Libraries, Manual of Information, no.7 (Manila, Cacho Hermanos Inc. 1954), 8. 74 pages. 19.7 x 13.5 cm. This is a Tagalog translation of five fairy tales by Hans Christian Andersen, with a dedication to his nephews and nieces, signed ―Joseph,‖ dated at Leipzig, 14 October 1886. There are illustrations made by Rizal.

―Los Agricultores Filipinos.‖ La Solidaridad, 15 March 1889. According to Mariano Ponce, this is Rizal‘s. The author expounds the difficulties of the Filipino farmer and proposes to the Foreign Affairs Minister remedies for the abuses committed against him.

―Los Viajes.‖ Laong-Laan [pseud]. Diariong Tagalog, 1882. Also published in La Solidaridad, Barcelona, 15 May 1889. According to Wenceslao E. Retana on page 150 of his Vida y Escritos del Rizal, it is an interesting dissertation, more philosophical and historical than literary, emphasizing the advantages of traveling. A translation of this work into Tagalog was published in the Diariong Tagalog under the title ―Ang Pangingibang Lupa,‖ simultaneous with the Spanish original.

―Manifesto a Algunos Filipinos.‖ Fort Santiago, Manila: 15 December 1896. Reproduced in Wenceslao Retana, Vida y Escritos del Dr. José Rizal, 374; Día Filipino, 56, 19 June 1921. This is a statement written by Rizal during his trial addressed to some Filipinos to expound his point of view regarding the uprising. The Auditor General, Nicolás de la Pena, did not permit the publication of this statement with a pretext that ―it might spark the progress of the spirit of rebellion‖ among the Filipinos.

―Mas sobre el asunto de Negros.‖ La Solidaridad, 15 May 1890. Also published in Homenaje a José Rizal, 241-253. This is an article that deals with the same matter treated in the article entitled ―Cosas de Filipinas.‖

―Melanesia, Malasia, Polinesia.‖ The Independent, 27 April 1918, 19-21. This article is a study of the ethnography of Melanesia, Malaysia and Polynesia.

―Mi Retiro, A mi Madre.‖ República Filipina 30 December 1898. Also reproduced in Wenceslao E. Retana, Vida y Escritos del Dr. José Rizal, 328-331; El Nuevo Día of Cebu [n.d.]; in Jaime C. De Veyra, Poesías de Rizal; and in Frank Laubach, Rizal, Man and Martyr, 290-94; etc. In this poem, Rizal describes his house and his manner of living and alludes to his longings and difficulties.

―Minuta de un drama en 4 actos.‖ N.p., [1895?]. As quoted by Vicente Elío in his Bibliografía Rizaliana, Mariano Ponce said that ―These are light descriptive notes of the acts and scenes which are to make up the drama, whose principal characters are Filipinos.‖

―Notas (en colaboración con A. B. Meyer y F. Blumentritt) a un códice chino de la Edad Media.‖ N.p., n.d. These notes are apparently included in the original works entitled ―Mayi‖ and ―Acerca de Tawalisi de Ybu Batuta.‖ In Retana‘s bibliography it is said that according to Dr. Blumentritt, this work was published in the 30 April 1889 issue of the La Solidaridad, but the same could not be found in the said issue.

―Nota de Rizal a la Introducción del Mare Magnum.‖ Signed by Rizal, it is a note affirming that Father José Burgos delivered this address from the Palace of the Archbishop of Manila.

―Pensamiento dedicado al malogrado José María Panganiban.‖ La Solidaridad, 30 September 1890. Reproduced in Retana, Vida y Escritos del Dr. José Rizal, 193; and in the Día Filipino, 30 December 1916, 441. In this homage to his companion and friend, Rizal talks of the patriotic virtues of the deceased and of the loss for the cause of the Philippines that his death has occasioned.

―Poesía satírica sobre las colegialas de la Concordia.‖ N.p., n.d. No copy in Spanish of this work. One stanza of this poem translated in English appears in Austin Craig, Rizal’s Life and Minor Writings, 64.

―Por la educación recibe ilustre la Patria.‖ El Renacimiento, 2 January 1906. Also published in Wenceslao E. Retana, Vida y escritos del Dr. José Rizal, 19-20. This poem was written when Rizal was in the fifth year of the course leading to a bachelor of arts degree in the Ateneo Municipal (1876-1877).

―Por Teléfono.‖ Dimas Alang [pseud]. Barcelona, 1889. It is a satirical article placing in ridicule the Reverend Father Salvador Font who penned the censorship of the Noli Me Tangere for the religious

orders. Translated into English by Charles Derbyshire and published in pamphlet form by Austin Craig in his Rizal’s Life and Minor Writings. The original in Spanish and its English translation were published by Juan Collas in his Rizal’s Unknown Writings.

―Pueblos del Archipiélago Índico.‖ The Independent, 4 May 1918. It is a study of the ethnography of the Malayan countries.

―Revista de Noticias Políticas.‖ N.p., n.d. This is a review written at the petition of Basilio Teodoro Morán, proprietor of the Diariong Tagalog, in the year 1882.

―Sa Aking mga Kabata.‖ In Kung sino ang kumatha ng Florante, by Hermenegildo Cruz, 187-188, Manila, 1906, The Spanish translation entitled ―A mis Camaradas‖ by Epifanio de los Santos, is published in the Revista Filipina, December 1916, 25; in Sol H. Gwekoh, ed., Poesías del Dr. Rizal, Manila, 1929, 7-8, etc. The English translation entitled ―To My Comrades‖ was published in the Philippine Review, January 1917. This is the first poem written by Rizal in 1869, at the age of 8. It speaks of love for our own language.

―Sa Mga Kababayan.” Hong Kong, December 1891. Printed in leaflet form, this was written on 31 December 1891. According to Mariano Ponce, as quoted by Retana in his Vida y Escritos del Dr. Rizal, 470, the leaflet refers to the Calamba affair.

―Sa Mga Kababayang Dalaga sa Malolos.‖ El Renacimiento, 1902. Supplementary pamphlet. The Spanish translation was made by Epifanio de los Santos Cristobal and was published in the La Revista Filipina, December 1916. It was published in Epistolario Rizalino, Letter 223 (Manila: Bureau of Printing 1931), II:122. It was also published as a ―Letter to the Young Women of Malolos‖ (Manila: Bureau of Printing, 1952), 32 pages in English, Tagalog and Spanish. This is a letter in Tagalog dated 22 February 1889 in Europe. This had been written at the request of Marcelo H. del Pilar for the young women of Malolos who elevated a petition to the governor-general asking that they be given permission to open a night school for the teaching of Spanish.

―Sakit Latahr.‖ N.p., n.d. This is an article about Mali-mali (of the Tagalogs) or sakit latahr of the Malays, mentioned by Rizal in his article entitled ―La Curación de los Hechizados.‖ Apparently it was included in some notes or writings that Rizal had regarding medical practices in the Philippines. Neither original nor a copy is available and nothing is known whether it has even been published.

―Saludo al año nuevo.‖ [Dapitan?], [1895?]. According to Dr. Leoncio López Rizal these four lines were dictated to him by his mother Narcisa Rizal-López which were the only ones she remembered out of a long poem written in Dapitan, 1895, in order to greet the New Year.

―San Eustaquio, Martir.‖ Día Filipino, 19 June 1922. Also in Jaime C. De Veyra, Poesías de Rizal, 71-131. The original of this work was Burned during the liberation of Manila in the year 1945. This is a tragedy arranged in Spanish verse (April and May 1876) by Rizal while he was a student of the Ateneo based on the work written in Italian (1869) by Father Enrique Valle, S.J. in 8 pages. The dedication is dated in Calamba, 2 June 1876.

―Séamos Justos.‖ La Solidaridad, 15 April 1890, 82-84. Also published in Homenaje a José Rizal, 195-205. This article supports the protest of several Filipinos against an article published in La Opinión of Manila entitled ―Justicia Seca‖ in which the declaration of martial law in Negros was being asked as a result of a case of homicide committed in that island.

―Semblanzas.‖ The Independent, 28 July 1917, 20-21. These are personality and character studies of 3 Filipino classmates of his in medicine in Madrid. It is supposed that this was written in Madrid between 1882 to 1885.

―Sin Nombre.‖ La Solidaridad, 28 February 1890. Also published in Homenaje a José Rizal, 27-32. This short article denounced the anomalous procedure followed by Governor General Weyler, regarding a petition of the tenants of the Hacienda de Calamba in the possession of the Reverend Dominican Fathers.

―Sobre el Teatro Tagalo.‖ N.p., n.d. This is an article refuting another one published in Madrid by Mr. Manuel Lorenzo D ‗Ayot written on 6 May 1884, according to the Diario en Madrid. See Retana, Vida y Escritos y del Dr. José Rizal, 89.

―Sobre la Indolencia de los Filipinos.‖ La Solidaridad; 15 and 31 July, 15 and 31 August, 15 September 1890. Also published in Homenaje a José Rizal, 261-326. Translated into English by Charles Derbyshire and published in pamphlet form entitled The Indolence of the Filipinos, edited by Austin Craig (Manila 1913), 66 pages. Also reproduced in Austin Craig‘s Rizal’s Life and Minor Writings, 264-309. In this detailed politico-social study, Rizal discourses on the causes and circumstances that contributed to the existence of the so-called indolence of the Filipinos.

―Sobre la Nueva Ortografía de la Lengua Tagala.‖ La Solidaridad, 15 April 1890. Also published in La Independencia, 27 September 1898, 261-326; Homenaje a José Rizal, 1899, 207; in Epistolario Rizalino, Manila 1933, 3:10-21. Translated into German by Prof. Ferdinand Blumentritt and published in a pamphlet entitled Die Transcription des Tagalog von Dr. José Rizal (Gravenhage: Bijdragen tot de taal-land en Volkenkunde von Ned-In die, 1892), 311-320. Translated into Tagalog by the Institute of National Language, edited by Jaime C. de Veyra (Manila: Limbagan ng Manila Simbunsya, 1943). It explains the proposed reforms to Tagalog orthography.

―Specimens of Tagal Folklore: I. Proverbial Sayings. II. Puzzles. III. Verses.‖ Trubner’s Record, London, May 1889. No. 2, 1:45-46. An extract of this article appeared in Austin Craig‘s Lineage, Life and Labors of José Rizal, 152-153, and in Rizal’s Life and Minor Writings by the same author, 103-104.

Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, por Dr. Antonio de Morga, obra publicada en Mejico el año de 1609 nuevamente sacada a luz y anotada por José Rizal y precedida de un prologo del Profesor Fernando Blumentritt. Paris: Librería de Garnier Hermanos, 1890. The book consists of eight chapters; Rizal annotated all of them, particularly the eight, making an extensive and conscientious investigation of the old books and documents that could be found in the British Museum at London for almost one year (1888-1889).

―Traducción de poesias alemanas al tagalo.‖ Calamba, 1887. These were written in Calamba in the last days of 1887, according to information given by Professor Blumentritt–Retana, Vida escritos del Dr. José Rizal, 465. Vicente Elío says that the poems were Goethe‘s. It is also mentioned in a letter of Rizal to Blumentritt dated at Calamba on 19 October 1887 (Epistolario Rizalino, 5:216) that he would translate the poem of Von Wildernath into Tagalog, but it seems that he was not able to do so.

―Tratado sobre Conchología.‖ N.p., n.d. This work consists of five incomplete pages. The original manuscript was Burned during the liberation of Manila in 1945.

―Two Eastern Fables.‖ Trubner’s Record, London, July 1889, vol. 1, no. 3. A Spanish translation was published in Cultura Filipina, October 1911, 276-298. According to Retana in his Vida y Escritos del Dr. Rizal, 466, this curious article was the object of extensive comment when read before the

International Congress of Orientalists in Stockholm and Christiania in 1889. It treats of the Filipino and Japanese versions of the fable of the turtle and the monkey.

―Un artículo acerca de la cuestion de las Carolinas.‖ La Publicidad, Barcelona, 1886. Quoted by Palma in his Biografía, 367, but no copy can be found.

―Un diálogo alusivo a la despedida de los Colegiales.‖ N.p., n.d. The original papers of this work were burned in the liberation of Manila in 1945. It has never been published and no copy is available. ―Rizal mentions this, his poetic composition, in P. Jacinto and affirms that it was shown for the first time in college at the end of course 1875 or 1876″ - M. Ponce, as quoted by Retana in his Vida y Escritos del Dr. Rizal, 457.

―Un recuerdo a mi Pueblo.‖ La Patria, Manila, 30 December 1899. Also published in El Pueblo, Cebu, June 1901; and Jaime C. De Veyra, Poesías de Rizal, 1946, 4. This simple poem, (according to Vicente Elío in Retana, Vida y Escritos del Dr. José Rizal, 457) was presented by its author in one of the sessions being held by Ateneo Municipal de Manila that took place every Sunday morning. Elío adds that M. Ponce says that this poem must have been written in 1876, but Elío assures that even in 1876 Rizal did not make it known that he wrote it in the said Academia.

―Una contestación a D. Isabelo de los Reyes.‖ La Solidaridad, 31 October 1890. Also published in Homenaje a José Rizal, 327-366. In this reply, Rizal answers the observations of Don Isabelo de los Reyes about Rizal‘s comments on the Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas of Morga.

―Una Esperanza.‖ La Solidaridad, Madrid, 15 July 1890. Also reproduced in Homenaje a José Rizal, 225-260. Rizal deplores the fall of the liberal party in Madrid to which Mr. Becerra, who worked for reforms for the Philippines, is affiliated.

―Una Profanación.‖ La Solidaridad, 31 July 1889. Also reproduced in Wenceslao Retana, Vida y Escritos y del Dr. José Rizal, 167-169. This anonymous article denounces the injustice and baseness of interring his brother-in-law, Mr. Mariano Herbosa, in a high place out of the town of Calamba and not in the town cemetery.

―Venganzas Cobardes.‖ La Solidaridad, 31 August 1890. It is an unsigned article in which the author bitterly complains against the persecutions and injustices committed against his brother, his sisters and his brothers-in-law.

―Verdades Nuevas.‖ La Solidaridad, Barcelona, 31 July 1889. Also published in Homenaje a José Rizal, 75-85, and re-edited and printed by Alfonso Ongpín in Manila in 1957. It is a defense of the reform movement in his country and refutes certain statements of Vicente Belloc y Sánchez in his letter published in the La Patria in Madrid, 4 July 1889.

―Y es espanol: Elcano el primero en dar vuelta al mundo.‖ Día Filipino, 19 June 1921, 460. Also published in Jaime C. de Veyra, Poesías de Rizal, 9-10. This is a roundelay poem written on 5 December 1875.

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OTHER WRITINGS

―A la Nación Española.‖ Hong Kong, 1891. This is a leaflet without a date, printed in Hongkong on 11 November 1891. ―It refers to the well-known case between the people of Calamba and the Dominican fathers, brought about by the estate owned by the latter in said town.‖-M. Ponce in Retana‘s Vida y

Escritos del Dr. José Rizal, 470. It is doubted whether this work is Rizal‘s or not for various reasons, among them the style, the signatures that appear at the bottom of the leaflet and the date of its publication. Rizal arrived in Hong Kong on 17 November 1891.

―A Orillas del Pasig.‖ El Renacimiento, Manila, 28 January 1907. According to Don Antonio Ma. Regidor, this is an article published in the Filipino Students Magazine. This song was written by Rizal and sung in a gathering in Paris in 1889 by the ―lady from Binondo, Loleng Ocampo.‖

―Adiós a Leonor.‖ In Poesías de Rizal, edited by Jaime C. de Veyra, 50. Manila, 1946. It is a very short poetic composition supposedly dedicated to his fiancé, which is believed to have been written before his departure for Europe in 1882. For various reasons, it cannot be considered as a work of Rizal.

―Anotaciónes al trabajo Ciencias y Costumbres de los Filipinas, por el P. Burgos.‖ N.p., n.d. This is mentioned in the bibliography of the works of Father Burgos. No copy.

‖ Anotaciónes a La Lucha de la Religión Contra la Ciencia, por el P. Burgos.‖ N.p., n.d. This is mentioned in the bibliography of the works of Father Burgos.

―El Solfeo de La Defensa.‖ La Solidaridad, 15 March 1889. According to Dr. Leoncio López-Rizal, this article is not written by Rizal. It is included here only because many attribute its authorship to Rizal. It is a reply to the article of the publication La Defensa.

―Hasta el Último Suspiro.‖ N.p, n.d. The authorship of this poem is also attributed to Rizal, but it is much doubted whether it is his.

―Leonor.‖ [Dagupan?], [1887?]. A poem attributed to Rizal, the music of which was composed by Mr. Alejandro Vinteres. According to allegations, this poem was written by Rizal when he went to visit Leonor in Dagupan in 1887. It is positively known that Rizal did not see Leonor either in 1887 or in 1888.

―Mi Primera Inspiración.‖ N.p., n.d. This was included in Vicente Elío‘s bibliography but not in those of Retana and Palma. According to Dr. Leoncio López-Rizal, this poem was composed by his brother, Antonio López.

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ADVERSARIES OF RIZAL

Rizal was a tireless advocate for justice in the Philippines, attracting the ire of the colonial

government and the religious orders. While he was in Europe, Governor-General Valeriano Weyler

expelled Rizal‘s relatives together with other Calamba families. Later in Spain, Rizal would find a

relentless antagonist in Wenceslao Retana who, using the pseudonym ―Desengaños,‖ attacked La

Solidaridad and the Propagandists in the pages of La Politica de España en Filipinas. More attacks

came after the publication of Noli Me Tangere. Pedro Payo, archbishop of Manila, censured the book.

Governor-General Eulogio Despujol sentenced Rizal to exile in Dapitan after he was framed for

bringing in seditious documents. A more personal attack came in the form of George Taufer, the

stepfather of Josephine Bracken who violently opposed Rizal‘s relationship with Josephine and

threatened to commit suicide when Josephine attempted to leave him. Camilo de Polavieja in his

short-lived role as Governor-General of the Philippines would always be remembered as the hand

that ordered Rizal‘s execution in 1896, a move which sparked the 1896 Revolution.

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FRIENDS OF RIZAL

Rizal established firm friendships with people whom he considered his intellectual equals. An artist

himself, he cultivated painters like Juan Luna and Félix Resurrección Hidalgo, both of them painting

engaging portraits of Rizal (see cover). He admired Graciano López Jaena‘s writing despite his low

opinion of López Jaena‘s personal life. He worked closely with Marcelo H. del Pilar in La Solidaridad.

Together with Mariano Ponce, del Pilar and Rizal formed a triumvirate which aimed to create a

Philippine intellectual tradition informed by enlightenment ideals. Rizal would eventually break with

del Pilar after a bitter dispute over the leadership of the Filipino expatriate community.

Rizal‘s friends not only upheld his ideas and reputation but also helped him in more practical ways.

Trinidad Pardo de Tavera provided much needed personal support while the hero was in Paris.

Antonio Regidor helped smuggle Rizal to Hong Kong at the height of his persecution by the Spanish

authorities. However, Rizal‘s closest friend was not a Filipino, but the Austrian scholar Ferdinand

Blumentritt with whom he engaged in a voluminous correspondence until the end of his life.

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THE MONKEY AND THE TOROISE

Rizal‘s ―The Monkey and the Tortoise,‖ the earliest known comic strip created by a Filipino, was published in 1885 in a literary magazine called Trubner’s Record. It is an animal tale about a tortoise and a monkey who divided a banana tree between them and planted each end separately. The monkey, believing that the upper portion of the tree is responsible for bearing the fruits, took that part and planted it. The tortoise, on the other hand, planted the lower part of the tree and soon enough, it grew and bore fruit.

Since the tortoise could not climb the tree, the monkey ―good-naturedly‖ volunteered to get the fruits, but then ate them all, throwing the skins to the tortoise. As a payback, the tortoise planted pointed plants beneath the tree and when the monkey came down, he got wounded. To punish the tortoise, the monkey gave the former two choices - to be pounded with a mortar or thrown into the water. The tortoise deceived the monkey by pretending to be afraid of drowning. When he was thrown in the water, he resurfaced laughing.

―The Monkey and the Tortoise‖ was published in 1913 by Austin Craig in Lineage, Life and Labors of José Rizal, the first biography of Rizal in English. The original manuscripts of the comic strip are now preserved in a vault in the National Library. Unlike the comics we know today, the dialogue and narration were written below the drawings.

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RIZAL FAMILY

The seventh child in a family of thirteen, José Rizal grew up surrounded by warmth and affection. The Rizal siblings were particularly close-knit. José communicated regularly with his brother and sisters

wherever he was. His only brother Paciano, with whom he shared a deep and special bond, was his mentor and confidante. José‘s death would eventually spur Paciano to join the Revolution of 1896.

Rizal treated his sisters with respect and solicitude. They supported all his undertakings and stayed at his side in the most difficult moments. Josefa, Lucía and Trinidad accompanied him to Hong Kong in his exile. María, whom he considered the most fearless, brought her children along to live with him in Dapitan. It was Narcisa to whom he turned for advice and help when he could not approach the rest of his family. And at the end of his life, he would entrust one of his most enduring legacies—the great poem ―Mi último adios‖—to his younger sister Trinidad.

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SCHOLARS MET ABROAD

Rizal‘s sojourn in Europe gave him access to the latest scientific developments and led him to

encounter renowned intellectuals and scientists of the time. Some like physicians Louis de Wecker,

Otto Heinrich Enoch Becker, Julián Masselon and Xavier Galezowsky were his teachers in medicine

during his student days. He met the famous ophthalmologist Lorenzo Marquez in Hong Kong.

Marquez would eventually refer most of his clients to the gifted young doctor. Social scientists such

as Adolf Bernard Meyer, Reinhold Rost, Friedrich Ratzel and Rudolf Virchow encouraged Rizal‘s

interest in ethnology and linguistics and became his life-long correspondents. Virchow invited him to

join the Berlin Anthropological Society where he gave a well received lecture on Tagalog. Ratzel, who

pioneered the study of human and political geography, toured Rizal in Leipzig Museum and

considered him a brilliant political scientist. Reinhold Rost, the librarian of the India Office and a

leading expert in Asian languages, hosted Rizal during his stay in London. Rost would eventually be

invited to serve as a counselor in the Association Internationale des Philippinistes, when Rizal wanted

to bring together scholars interested in the Philippines. While the Association never got off the

ground, Rost would always hold Rizal in high regard, referring to him as una perla de hombre.

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WOMEN OF RIZAL

Perhaps because he grew up with eight sisters, Rizal was always comfortable in the company of

women. Elegant, charming and well spoken, he attracted considerable attention from the fairer sex,

attention which he returned in full measure. His first love was Segunda Katigbak, the sister of his

friend Mariano. Second was Leonor Valenzuela, a colegiala with whom he exchanged letters written

in invisible ink. Rizal then met Leonor Rivera, his cousin and the great love of his life; she was his

reason for not committing to romantic relationships abroad during the eleven years of their

engagement. There was also Consuelo Ortiga to whom he dedicated a poem; Gertrude Beckett, an

Englishwoman whom he befriended while he was in London researching in the British Museum; and

Nellie Boustead, a Frenchwoman he would have married if not for his friendship with Antonio Luna.

Rizal also became infatuated with the Belgian girl Suzanne Jacoby when he stayed in her boarding

house in Brussels, and almost married Seiko Usui (O-Sei-san), a samurai‘s daughter, while he was in

Tokyo. Finally and most famously, Rizal fell in love with Josephine Bracken, who lived with him during

his exile in Dapitan and gave him a measure of happiness in the last years of his life. For all his

lovers, though, Rizal‘s romances seemed doomed to end in heartbreak; most of his relationships

ended abruptly or never lasted. His love affair with Josephine was cut tragically short by his own

death.

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CODEX Rizal, the CD-ROM accompaniment of Lolo Jose: An Intimate and Illustrated Portrait of Jose

Rizal, contains the full text of Rizal‘s novels and selected works, landmark biographies by Wenceslao Retana (Vida y Escritos del Dr. José Rizal) Rafael Palma (Biografia de Rizal), Teodoro Kalaw‘s pioneering Epistolario Rizalino (the scholarly compilation of Rizal‘s correspondence in Spanish), and a gallery of over two hundred photographs and illustrations. Codex Rizal is linked to Filipiniana.net‘s Complete José Rizal, the most extensive online repository of Rizal‘s monumental cultural output.

Sources of the material contained in this CD are duly noted. Special acknowledgments go to the National Historical Institute for giving permission to reproduce key Rizaliana documents and images and to Mr. Nestor Vera Cruz of Yesteryears Music Gallery for providing audio files of Jose Mossesgeld‘s recordings of Mi ultimo adios (Huling Paalam).

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