from cells to organ systems cells combine to form tissues, and tissues combine to form organs cells...
TRANSCRIPT
From Cells to Organ Systems
• Cells combine to form tissues, and tissues combine to form organs
• Cells combine to form four primary tissues– Epithelial tissue– Connective tissue– Muscle tissue – Nervous tissue
• Two types: – membranous epithelia
• form the coverings or linings of organs
– glandular epithelia• form exocrine and endocrine glands
Epithelium
Epithelial Tissue
Epithelial Tissue
Epithelium-Human Stomach
Glandular Epithelia
• Epithelial tissues illustrate a basic biological principle: that structure closely correlates with function
• Figure 4.4
• Binds the cells and organs of the body together – All connective tissues
consist of two basic components: cells and extracellular fibers
• Two types of connective tissue are: – Connective tissue
proper – Specialized connective
tissue
Section 4-1Connective Tissue
Connective Tissue
Connective
Tissue
• An important structural component of organs – Consists of two types:
• Dense connective tissue • Loose connective tissue
Connective Tissue
Connective Tissue
• Perform specific functions essential to homeostasis
• The body contains three types of specialized connective tissue:
• Cartilage• Bone• Blood
Specialized Connective Tissues
•Cartilage –Consists of specialized cells embedded in a matrix of extracellular fibers and other extracellular material
•Blood –Contains blood cells, platelets, plasma
Osseous Tissue• Bone
– Consists of bone cells (osteocytes) and a calcified cartilage matrix• Two types of
bone tissue exist: spongy and compact
Osseous Tissue
• Consists of specialized cells that contract when stimulated
• The body has three types of muscle tissue:•Skeletal (voluntary)•Cardiac (involuntary)•Smooth muscle (involuntary)
Muscle Tissue
Muscle Tissue
Muscle
Tissue
Nervous Tissue
• Contains specialized cells that conduct impulses
• Conducting cells, called neurons, transmit impulses from one region of the body to another.
• Nonconducting cells, neuroglia, are a type of nervous system connective tissue.
Nerve Tissue
Nerve Tissue
Organ Systems
• Tissues combine to form organs.– Organs are discrete structures that have
evolved to perform specific functions – Most organs do not function alone, they are
part of a group of cooperative organs, called an organ system.