from adoption to implementation experiences in the eu bill duncan, assurre eu research center...
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From Adoption to ImplementationExperiences in the EU
Bill Duncan,ASSURRE
EU Research Center Workshop, Prague 13 April 2004
Wastedisposal
Waste management
Resource recovery
Sustainable development
Legislation fortreatment methods
HazardousMaterials
ProductStreams
Development ofRecycling targets
Development ofSource Separation
6th EAP
EVOLUTION OF LEGISLATION
Shipment Regulation
Waste Management Policy
Community Waste Management
Strategy COM(96)399, 30.7.96)
Waste Framework Directive (Dir. 91/156/EEC)
Specific Waste Streams
Waste Treatment operations
Landfill of waste (Dir. 99/31/EC)
Waste oils(Dir 75/439/EEC)
Sewage sludge(Dir. 86/278/EEC)
Batteries
(Dir. 91/157/EEC
& 93/86/EEC)
Packaging(Dir. 94/62/EC)
PCBs(Dir. 96/59/EC)
Electric & Electronic
Waste(2002/96/EC )
Directive on hazardous waste(Dir. 91/689/EEC)
Regulation on shipment of waste(Reg. (EEC) 259/93)
Framework legislation
End of life vehicles
(2000/53/EC)
Incineration of waste(Dir. 2000/76/CE)
Construction and Demolition Waste
PVCStrategy
Biodegradable Waste
IPPC96/61/EC
80
100
120
140
160
1985 1990 1995 2000
Index 1985=100
GNP
HH waste
Ind. waste
WASTE PRODUCTION 1985-2000 - NL
HOUSEHOLD PACKAGING IN FranceSource : ADEME
g:/aia/indicators/slides/the yir1999 presentation
6
ECO-EFFICIENCY AND MATERIAL FLOWS
90 90
8080
7070
6060
5050
40 40
30 30
1986 1986 1988 1988 1990 1990 1992 1992 1994 1994 1996 1996 1998 1998
1984 1984
RRatio of tonatio of tonnenes s of municipal waste of municipal waste perpermillion ecu million ecu household expenditurehousehold expenditure PortugalPortugal
SpainSpain
GreeceGreece
LuxembourgLuxembourg
GermanyGermany
FranceFrance
SwedenSweden
IcelandIceland
The NetherlandsThe Netherlands
DenmarkDenmark
Few countries have succeeded in reducing the amount of waste they generate
Waste disposal as such is an old issue. Now, it is important to look at the eco-efficiency of producing, using, and recovering resources across their full life cycle.
How do we decouple the increase in quality of life from growth in waste generation
How do we make smarter use of materials and energy by using them more efficiently and reducing the environmental impacts
NEW PARADIGM
Legislation in place today deals with problems perceived yesterday
There is still unfinished business to deal with.
BUT !!!
Packaging
WEEE
ELV
Batteries
PRODUCTSPECIFIC
TREATMENT SPECIFIC
Dir. Landfill
Dir. Incineration
IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGE
Progressive product bans from 2003
Progressive biowaste reduction from 2008-11-16
LANDFILL 99/31/EC
New plants 28/12/02 Existing plants 28/12/05
INCINERATION 2000/76/EC
12 Member States – Packaging Waste PER MATERIAL - YEAR 2000
Material type K/tonnes on the market
% Recycled New Targets
Glass 14,290 57.2 60
Paper 25,125 64.6 60
Metals 4,445 52.4 50
Plastics 9,522 22.6 22.5
Wood* 8,949 35.7 15
Total 62,332 51.4 55
No figures for DK – LU – FIN - SW
CHASING TARGETS
100,000 tonnes
1998 2000 2008
56,90860,911
79,842
Tonnes on the market
F = 42.2SP = 38.9
I = 38.4UK = 36.7
+51%
60,0% PossibleRecyclingtargets
49.0%52,0%
Recycledtonnes
55,0%
+39%EU average:
By 2006 recovery of ELVs must be a minimum of 85 % by weight, 80 % through re-use and recycling.
By 2015 this increases to 95 % with a minimum of 85 % by re-use and recycling.
Over the next decade perhaps 1,500 new dismantling plants for ELVs will be built in Western Europe.
Dismantling will move from a spare-parts to a raw-materials business.
END-OF-LIFE VEHICLE DIRECTIVE
August 2004 : Deadline for Member States to implement directives into domestic law
August 2005 : Collection systems must be operational, treatment and financing systems in place and obligations enter into force
December 2006 : First collection and treatment targets to be attained
WASTE ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT
« DEJA VU ALL OVER AGAIN ! »
BATTERIES – PROPOSED NEW DIRECTIVE
- Automotive + Industrial : landfill/incineration ban- Portables : collection targets & collection schemes- Min 80% threshold for Nicad
Proposed measures
- Minimum efficiencies: lead acid : 65% of weightOthers : 55%Nicad : 75% + all cadmium
Recycling targets
- Visible fee for first 4 yearsFinancing
Timing - Time limit : 4 years
For all the merits of producer responsibility, the Commission considers that there are limits to its application.
Not all waste streams are appropriate to be addressed in this way.
Addressing smaller waste streams may involve significant resources for a relatively limited environmental benefit.
This Thematic Strategy should make an important contribution to clarifying the applicability of producer responsibility in different circumstances.
PRODUCER RESPONSIBILITY
1. Learn by doing
2. Test alternatives
3. Progress by phases
4. Monitor & Adjust
USE TIME WISELY
COMPLIANCE SCHEME COSTS
290,54
314,76
65,1754,74
13,0125,34
82,17
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
A D B L P E F
Green Dot Tariffs inEUR*
Fees in 2000 Excl. VAT
*Model based on 1000 units each of glass, plastic, metal, cardboard and composite packaging
YOUR DON’T MANAGE….
Develop & agree your own data
Look forwards not backwards
Seek out trends
Build your own model
Be flexible & pragmatic
Be cost conscious
Encourage competition
Avoid rigid hierarchies
Resist a « one size fits all » approach
IT IS YOUR MONEY
METHODOLOGY NOT IDEOLOGY
Reuse v Recycling Germany
Cans v bottles Denmark
Good v Bad Germany
Seek out & develop sustainable recycling targets
Encourage & support entrepreneurs in recovery operations
Materials recycling, organic recovery and energy-from-waste all contribute to reduce the environmental impact of waste
Stimulate demand, develop options across the EU
DONT FORGET THE DEMAND SIDE
COMMUNICATE EARLY & OFTEN
Involve Stakeholders early
Sell the benefits of change
Explain the approach & methodology
Clarify their role
Use good science in support
Test for understanding & acceptance
Move from prescriptive to strategic approach
Simplification, alignment, integration of policy
Harmonized programmes for environmental impact reduction
Increased use of sound science + economic analysis
Stronger focus on implementation
Major concern – « SUSTAINABILITY »
SUMMARY - KEY TRENDS
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Rue du Luxembourg 19-21B-1000 Brussels
Tel.: 32 (0)2 772 52 52, Fax: 32 (0)2 772 54 [email protected] www.assurre.org