FROG DISSECTION FORMAL LABORATORY PAPER

FROG DISSECTION FORMAL LABORATORY PAPER

You will write a formal laboratory report after performing the dissection of a frog. The basic requirements for writing the paper will be the same as previously (Times New Roman, 12, margins, etc). However there are modifications to the body of the report. Only the following sections will be included:

INTRODUCTION:

To include the following background information in a minimum three expanded paragraphs:

1. Scientific name of northern American bullfrog and characteristics of Class Amphibia (1st paragraph)2. Description of northern American bullfrog habitat, nutrition, life cycle, longevity, usefulness of bullfrog in the environment or for humans, other pertinent information (2nd paragraph) 3. Purpose(s) of performing frog dissection (Should be in 3rd paragraph). You should have a minimum of three purposes for completing the dissection. Include a rationale explaining why a frog dissection was completed during the study of the human digestive system. MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This section describes what was done in the investigation. This is stated in full sentences and in a well developed paragraph. Enough detail is used to allow the reader to replicate the work. Generally known laboratory procedures do not need to be described. RESULTS:

To include:

1. Figure of frog digestive system with parts labeled. (May be pencil sketched, obtained from on-line source, or copied from textbook. Cite your source)2. Figure of human digestive system with parts labeled. (May be pencil sketched, obtained from on-line source, or copied from textbook. Cite your source)

3. Embed the following table into your typed paper in the Results section. Provide accurate information and create a descriptive title for the data table.Part of Frog Digestive SystemFunction in the Frog Relative to Digestion

Tongue

Maxillary Teeth

Vomerine Teeth

Esophagus

Stomach

Liver

Gall Bladder

Pancreas

Small Intestine

Large Intestine

Cloaca

Blood Vessels in Mesentery Near Small Intestine

Anus

Discussion:

To include:

1. A first expanded paragraph describing the experience you had during the frog dissection and general observations of the dissection. Include:

a. Description of what you observed when you examined the mouth. Include a minimum of three observations you made.

b. Description of what you observed when you completed the dissection of the abdomen. Include a minimum of three observations you made.

c. What surprised or amazed you the most while doing the dissection? For many of you this was your first time with dissection, what did you think?

d. Was this a valuable learning experience? Give your reasoning for or against.2. A second expanded paragraph that compares and contrasts the digestive system of a frog with a human. a. Identify and explain similarities in structure and function.

b. Identify and explain differences in structure and function.3. For the last part of your discussion section, type each of the following questions into the discussion section of your paper and type your answer to each question below the question in your report.

a. Is the skin of the frog thick or thin? What tissue is found underneath the skin?

b. Does mechanical digestion occur in the frog mouth? Explain.c. What sex was your frog? How did you determine this?

d. Describe the mesentery that holds the intestines.

e. Describe the contents found in the frogs stomach and the texture of the stomach walls.

f. Frogs are insect eaters. How is the frogs tongue designed for the type of food it eats?

g. Compare the frogs small intestine to the large intestine in terms of length and diameter. (Include the measurement of the small intestine you made during the dissection)h. Digested food is absorbed into the bloodstream while it is in the small intestine. What structures in the frogs small intestine help absorb the nutrients?

i. Near what organ was the gall bladder located? Why is it found near that organ?j. The pancreas makes several enzymes needed for digestion. How do these enzymes reach the frogs small intestine?

k. Which organ has the greatest role in digestion? Why did you select this organ?

l. Why might the pancreas be considered to be the second most important organ involved in digestion and not the stomach?

m. What is the purpose of the muscles that line the esophagus?REFERENCE SECTION: See previous information on writing a lab report.