friday october 9 th, 2015 pdn: what man took over as leader following the russian revolutions?
TRANSCRIPT
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Friday October 9th, 2015
• PDN: What man took over as leader following the Russian Revolutions?
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Topic 7, Section 4: Revolution in Russia
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Objective
• Students will explain the causes of the February (March) Revolution.
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Causes of the February Revolution• In March 1917, the first of two revolutions would
topple the Romanov dynasty and pave the way for even more radical changes.
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What does Discontent mean?
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Roots of Discontent• 1914, Russia stretched from Eastern Europe east to
the Pacific Ocean.
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Roots of Discontent Continued…• Russia was slow to industrialize. • Landowning nobles, priests and an autocratic tsar
controlled the government and economy. • Majority population = peasants, living in poverty. • Russia begins to industrialize – small middle class
emerges.
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Roots of Discontent Continued…• Moderates pushed for a constitution and social
change. – Tsar Nicholas II, blocked attempts to limit his authority. • Relied on his secret police
– Corrupt bureaucracy and an overburdened court system.
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Continued…• Revolutionaries hatched radical plots. – Some hoped to lead peasants to overthrow the tsar. – Marxists tried to ignite revolution among the proletariat.
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WWI Intensifies Discontent• WWI fueled national pride. • It also, quickly strained Russian resources. • Transportation system broke down, factories
couldn’t produce enough materials. – 1915, Many soldiers didn’t even have a rifle let alone
ammunation.
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Continued…• The tsar took personal charge of the war front.• Tsar = not a very good general. • Tsarina Alexandra left to deal with domestic affairs. – Advised by Rasputin
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10.13.15 PDN
•What are revolutionaries?
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Continued…• Rasputin was an illiterate peasant and self-
proclaimed “holy man.”• Tsarina believed he had miracle powers after he
helped her son, who suffered from hemophilia. • 1916, his influence weakened confidence in the
government. – Fearing for the monarchy, a group of Russian nobles
killed Rasputin on December 29th, 1916.
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Tsar Nicholas II Steps Down• March 1917 monarchy collapses. – Disasters on battlefield– Food and fuel shortages– Workers going on strike– Marchers surged through streets shouting “bread,
bread!” – Military and political leaders advise the tsar to abdicate
the throne.
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Objective Review
• Explain the Causes of the February (March) Revolution.
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October 14th 2015
• PDN: Why was Lenin’s family black listed, as a threat, by the Russian government?
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NEW OBJECTIVE
• Describe the goals of Lenin and the Bolsheviks in the October Revolution.
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Lenin Leads the Bolsheviks• Soviets set up working within government until
Lenin and the Bolsheviks took over. – Lenin was born Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov in 1870 to a
middle class family. – When he was 17, his older brother was arrested and
hanged for plotting to kill the tsar. – His family was branded as threats to the state. – Read works of Karl Marx, spread Marxist ideas among
workers.
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Lenin Adapts Marxism…• … to fit Russian conditions.• Marx predicted large working class would rise to
overthrow capitalism. • Not enough workers, so he sets up dictatorship of
the proletariat (calls them Bolsheviks = majority).• The Mensheviks, thought that socialism could be
achieved through higher wages, increased suffrage and social welfare programs (Bolsheviks rejected).
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October Revolution Brings the Bolsheviks to Power
• Lenin promised “peace, Land and Bread” to the Russian people.
• Assisted by Leon Trotsky, also a Marxist revolutionary.
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Causes of the October Revolution• Kerensky, leading the government, failed to deal
with land reform (peasants).• Russians were tired of war, deserted it. • City workers demanded end to shortages. • Peasants seized land, troops mutinied.
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The Bolsheviks Seize Power• November 1917 armed factory workers (Red
Guards) joined sailors in attacking the provisional government.
• Bolsheviks seized power in Moscow, blasted the local government out of the walled Kremlin.
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Continued…• Bolsheviks ended private ownership of land and
distributed land to peasants. • Workers were given control of the factories and
mines. • New flag – Red, with hammer and sickle symbolized
union between workers and peasants.
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Continued…
• Millions thought they finally had control of their own lives …
• The Bolsheviks would rename themselves communists and become masters to the newly freed peasants and workers.
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OBJECTIVE REVIEW
• Describe the goals of Lenin and the Bolsheviks in the October Revolution.
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NEW OBJECTIVE
•SUMMARIZE the outcome of the civil war in Russia.
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Civil War Erupts in Russia• After the Bolshevik Revolution, Lenin and Russia
signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk giving up a huge chunk of its territory and its population to Germany.
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The Opposing Forces• Civil War lasted for 3 years, between Communists
“Reds” and the counterrevolutionary “Whites.”• White army made up of Tsarist imperial officers,
Mensheviks, democrats and others who wanted to defeat the Bolsheviks.
• Britain, France and the United States sent aid to the Whites, hoping to defeat communism.
• Reds appealed to nationalists, fed communist distrust of the west.
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Friday October 16th, 2015
• Whose ideologies did Lenin study and adapt to Russia?
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Continued…
• Reds had excellent position in the center of Russia.
• Whites had to attack from all angles, never all at once.
• By 1921, the Communists defeated the Whites.
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Violent Civil War• Counterrevolutionary forces slaughtered communist
prisoners. – Also tried to assassinate Lenin.
• The Communists shot the former tsar, his wife and their five children to keep them from becoming a rallying symbol for the counter-forces.
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Terror and War Communism• Communists used terror to control their own people
also. – Cheka executed ordinary citizens even if they were only
suspects. – Forced labor camps, grew into Gulag labor system.
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Terror and War Communism Continued…• Communists adopted a policy known as “war
communism.”– Took over banks, mines, factories and railroads.– Peasants were forced to deliver all their crops to feed
army and hungry people in cities. – Peasant workers were drafted into the military or forced
to work in factories.
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Continued…• Trotsky turned the Red Army into an effective
fighting force.– Used former tsarist officers– Officers watched by commissars– Trotsky’s passionate speeches hyped soldiers….• That and the order that if a unit performed poorly, every tenth
man would be shot.
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OBJECTIVE REVIEW
• Summarize the outcome of the civil war in Russia.
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Monday October 19th, 2015
• PDN – Why did the OctoberRevolution occur?
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NEW OBJECTIVE
• Analyze how Lenin built a Communist state in the Soviet Union.
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The Communist Soviet Union Emerges• 1921, Russia = Chaos • Millions died since beginning of WW1. • Millions more perished from famine and disease. • Lenin had to rebuild state and economy.
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New Government, Old Problems• 1922, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)• Produced a democratic/socialist constitution. – Elected legislature “Supreme Soviet”– Gave all citizens over 18 the right to vote. – All political power, resources, and means of production
would belong to workers and peasants.
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Continued…
• Communists used army and secret police to enforce its will.
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Lenin Abandons War Communism• Almost collapses economy. • Peasants stop producing grain, because they knew
government would take it. • 1921, Lenin allows capitalist ventures (NEP). – Govt. controlled banks, foreign trade and large industries– Small businesses were allowed to reopen for private
profit.– Peasants could now sell their surplus instead of have it taken by Govt.
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Stalin Comes to Power
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Stalin Comes to Power• Lenin died in 1924, at 54 years old. • Stalin stripped Trotsky of party membership, and
takes control of USSR. • 1929, Trotsky flees Russia but continued to criticize
Stalin. – 1940, A Stalinist agent murdered Trotsky in Mexico.
• 1922, Lenin warned Russians about Stalin’s ruthless tendencies, he would use to win dictatorial power.
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OBJECTIVE REVIEW
• Analyze how Lenin built a Communist state in the Soviet Union.
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