Friday, April 25th

Bell-Ringer: Please pick up a copy of the handouts from the front table. Take the first 10 minutes of class to complete the WOD Review worksheet from the front table.

Bell-Ringer: WOD Review Activator: Map Review Lecture: Responses to Imperialism Review Game

Homework: Study for Unit 5 Test!

Daily Agenda:Essential Question:How did Imperialism lead to European economic and political dominance today?

April 25, Block 1

REBUFF- to repel or drive back; to bluntly rejectPronunciation

Read the following cartoons and describe what is ironic about each of them.

Mexican-American War (U.S. uses border dispute to steal

Mexican Cession) Boer War (British vs. Boers vs. Zulus for South Africa) Crimean War (Ottomans, British, French vs. Russia for Eastern

Europe) Spanish-American War (U.S. vs. Spain for Cuba, Philippines,

Guam, and Puerto Rico) Opium War (China vs. Britain over trade right’s in China) Russo-Japanese War (Russia vs. Japan for Pacific domination) Sino- Japanese War (Japan vs. China for Pacific control) Great Game / Tournament of Shadows (Russia vs. Britain

for Central Asian influence)

Imperialist Conflicts:

Latin AmericanResistance:

Spanish colonies in the Americas rebelled for their independence in the early 1820s.

South America Creole military leaders (Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin) use nationalism as a means of establishing constitutional rule.

In both cases, no major reforms for the lower classes (trade Peninsulares for Creole rule).

Due to a lack of self-rule in the past, caudillos emerge in both regions.

1808 – Napoleon names his brother

Joseph as king of Spain Mexican Viceroy uses it as an

opportunity to declare sovereignty However, peasants, led by Father Miguel

Hidalgo and Jose Maria Moreles tried to revolt against the new leaders

In 1821, when Creole military leaders realized a new constitution would benefit them, they consolidated the resistance movement and declared independence

By 1823, Mexico was a Catholic Constitutional Republic

Mexican Resistance:

In 1807, with Napoleon’s army advancing on Portugal,

King João IV fled to Brazil and established a new capital. As a result, Brazil achieved an equal status with its

motherland. After 1815, when Napoleon was defeated, the king

returned to Portugal, leaving his son in charge of Brazil. Influenced by constitutionalist rebellion in Portugal and

military pressure, Prince Pedro declared independence from Portugal in 1822.

After a very brief resistance from Portuguese forces, Brazilian independence was recognized with Dom Pedro I becoming emperor.

Brazilian Resistance:

Resistance:

Sepoy = Indian soldier paid by BEIC to serve as military in India

Forced to travel long-distances overseas

Forced to utilize new ammo cartridge encased in animal fat

Sepoy Rebellion in 1750s Leads to direct Imperial Rule in India

“Jewel of the Crown” Ram Mohan Roy Hindu reformer

who pushed for English education, social reform (no more sati, child marriages, or caste system), founded Brahmo Samaj, and extended freedoms for Indians (speech and press)

Resistance:

Opium War led to economic Imperialism in China

Qing rulers not responsive to needs of poor

Hong Xiuquan leads Taiping Rebellion that lasts for a decade and leads to 20 million deaths

Finally suppressed by Qing when they enlist foreign militaries support

By 1900, China was carved up amongst

Western “spheres of influence” Chinese merchants lost out on profits

due to competition Righteous and Harmonious Fist openly

rebel, driving out or killing all foreigners from Beijing

International army crushes rebellion, destroying the Qing Dynasty for all practical purposes

By 1912, China will undergo a Nationalist revolution, overthrowing the last Dynasty and establishing a republic under Sun Yat-Sen (not Communist)

Nationalist Revolt:

From 1868-1912, Japan underwent a

series of reforms (Meiji Restoration) that revolutionized their political and social structure: Emperor restored to power Feudalism market economy Rapid, state-sponsored

Industrialization Militarism (Conscription) Removal of Samurai class

A Different Approach:

Ottoman Empire: Tanzimat Reforms – In the 1840s-

1850s the Ottomans implemented a series of reforms that brought modernization and westernization to their empire. New Institutions Banks, Schools, Ministries Reorganization of Military (bye, bye Janissaries) Secularization Industrialization

Russia: Emancipated serfs, developed transportation infrastructure, agrarian reforms and resettlement plan, state-sponsored industrialization, military reorganization

Similar Responses:

Resistance

Crimean WarSpanish-American War

Boer War

AcceptanceMuch of Africa and Southeast

Asia

RebellionSepoy RebellionBoxer RebellionPhilippine War

ReformTanzimat ReformsMeiji RestorationRussian Reforms

Responses

Dealing with Imperialism:

IndustrializationNeed for raw materials, labor, and consumers leads directly to Western Imperialism.

ImperialismColonization leads to nationalist tensions, competition, and militarism.

ConflictCompetition, militarism, and alliances will lead to the ultimate international conflict (WWI) and nationalist movements will eventually boil over into rebellions and decolonization.

An Interlinked Process: