Friday 3/7/2012• Take your seat• Begin Warm-Up

Warm – Up

Many people were unhappy with the economic situations of their countries and democratic

governments failed because of bad economies. People felt that if they had a strong ruler, things would get better for

them. How would you feel?Would you trade your individual liberties for a

strong ruler? Why/ why not?

CHAPTER 15 SECTION 3

Crisis Leads to Crisis Leads to FascismFascism

Millions of people lost faith in democratic governments after the Great Depression.In response, people turned to Fascism which promised to: Revive the economy Punish those responsible for hard times Restore nationalism and order

Fascism Rises in Fascism Rises in Italy Italy

• Fascism: loyalty to state & obedience to leader, extreme nationalism, one-party rule.

• Believed that:– Loyalty to ones

country is important.– Nations should

struggle- peaceful ones were doomed.

– Loyalty should be pledged to one leader.

Fascism vs. Communism Fascism vs. Communism Similarities:Similarities: Both systems were ruled by dictators who

allowed only their political party one party rule.

Both denied individual rights. In both, the state was supreme. Neither practiced any kind of democracy.

Differences: Differences: Fascists believed that each class had its place

and function. Fascist parties were made up of aristocrats,

industrialists, war veterans and the lower middle class.

Fascist were nationalists and communists were internationalists hoping to unite workers worldwide.

TheRise of

Mussolini

TheRise of

Mussolini

Mussolini Comes to PowerMussolini Comes to PowerMussolini:

Vowed to give Italy strong leadership.Promises to rescue economy & rebuild army.Founded the Fascist party in 1919.

October, 1922: “March on Rome”

25,000 Fascists demand that Mussolini be put in charge of the government.

Mussolini “legally” took power as Italy’s Prime Minister.

Il Duce- “The Leader”Il Duce- “The Leader”1925-1931 1925-1931

Abolished democracy and outlawed all political parties except the fascists.Established secret police.Government censorship.Outlawed strikesControl of economy

MussoliniMussolini

No Recognition of Human RightsNo Recognition of Human Rights

Religion & Government are Religion & Government are IntertwinedIntertwined

Disdain for Intellectuals & for the Disdain for Intellectuals & for the ArtsArts

Government CorruptionGovernment Corruption

Controlled Mass MediaControlled Mass Media

Labor Power is SuppressedLabor Power is Suppressed

The Characteristics of The Characteristics of FascismFascism

The Characteristics of The Characteristics of FascismFascism

Powerful and continuing Powerful and continuing nationalismnationalism

Subordination to the StateSubordination to the State

State WorshipState Worship

The Myth of RebirthThe Myth of Rebirth

MilitarismMilitarism

Enemies are used as ScapegoatsEnemies are used as Scapegoats

Mussolini was Hitler’s role modelMussolini was Hitler’s role model

Mussolini and Hitler Mussolini and Hitler

Hitler’s Early YearsHitler’s Early Years Volunteered for the German army

during WWI. 1919- Joined a tiny political group

THE NAZIS (National Socialist German Workers’ Party). Oppose the Treaty of Versailles &

Communism. Hitler becomes leader of this

group.

Hitler Hitler Having a Having a

good time good time at lunchat lunch

Hitler’s Rise to Hitler’s Rise to PowerPower

Attempted to seize power in Munich he failed and was arrested.

In jail he wrote Mein Kampf (My Struggle). Germans are the master race. Treaty of Versailles was an outrage Germany was overcrowded and

needs more lebensraum- living space.

Hitler Becomes Hitler Becomes ChancellorChancellor

After leaving prison, Hitler revives the Nazi party and by 1932, it is the largest political party.

1933- Hitler was named chancellor and w/in 1 year he became dictator.

Hitler Creates a Hitler Creates a Totalitarian StateTotalitarian State

Banned all political parties. Had opponents arrested. Created the SS Protection Squad

Loyal only to Hitler Nazi secret police- Gestapo

• Shocked Germans into obedience. Took command of the economy

• Dissolved labor unions• Government authority• Put Germans to work

The Fuhrer SupremeThe Fuhrer Supreme Hitler wanted control

over every aspect of German life.

Turned to the media to shape his public opinion.

Hitler Makes War with Hitler Makes War with the Jewsthe Jews

A key part of Nazi ideology was hatred of Jews or anti-Semitism.

The Nazi’s passed laws depriving Jews of most of their rights. Violence against Jews mounted Kristallnacht- (Night of the Broken Glass)

November 9, 1938 Nazi mobs attacked Jews.

Synagogues were burned too Synagogues were burned too

Jewish cemeteries were Jewish cemeteries were destroyeddestroyed

European Countries Fall to European Countries Fall to DictatorsDictators

The nations formed in Eastern Europe after WWI were also falling to dictators.

By the mid 1930’s the world’s powerful nations were split into democratic nations and totalitarian ones.