freyr solutions, inc. s tel n av -1000 10/23/2012 b randon b aker k eegan c olbert r yan h aughey m...
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FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
STELNAV-100010/23/2012
BRANDON BAKERKEEGAN COLBERTRYAN HAUGHEY
MEGAN HEARDCOLLIN MARSHALLBEN MORALES
TRAVIS RAVENSCROFT
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
MISSION STATEMENT“To expand the domain of humanity beyond the earth for the betterment, preservation, and advancement of all humankind by creating a self-sustaining, mobile habitat that ensures the physical and psychological well-being of its inhabitants.”
• 24 Month Trip Time
• 12 Crew Members
• Capable of Interplanetary Space Travel
COLLIN MARSHALL
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
SYSTEMS REVIEW• Structural Overview
• Life Support
• Internal Architecture
• Guidance, Navigation & Control
• Communication
• Propulsion
• Power Plant
• Mission Planning
• Design Advantages
BEN MORALES
Supporting Truss Structure Transport Tube Habitable Pod Central Hub Hallway
STRUCTURAL DESIGN
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
Spacecraft Structure
Dumbbell Cylindrical
Modular Pods
RigidTethered
Spherical Toroidal
Circular Cross Section
Square Cross Section
Oval Cross Section
Inhabitable Pods (TRANSHAB)
Uniform Cross Section
3 Sections of Two Pods
Evenly Distributed Pods
Square Cross Section Hallways
Circular Cross Section Hallways
Centrally Located Propulsion
Overall Structural
Profile
EXTERNAL STRUCTURE
BEN MORALES
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS• Torus Radius: 60 m
• Small radius to reduce mass
• Preliminary Mass Estimate: 950 MT
• Rate of Rotation: 3.86 rpm
KEEGAN COLBERT
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
LAYOUT BENEFITS• Versatility:
• Pods can be added or removed and individually designed
• Continuity:
• All pods are connected with hallways
• Large Living Space
• Flat Floors:
• Pods do not require curved floors like traditional torus
• Zero Gravity Central Hub
• Contains propulsion, power generation, and agricultural production
• Limited Radiation Shielding:
• 23.2 rem/year – 29.2 rem/year built in to the inflatable pods
KEEGAN COLBERT
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
• Structural Overview
• Life Support
• Internal Architecture
• Guidance, Navigation & Control
• Communication
• Propulsion
• Power Plant
• Mission Planning
• Design Advantages
MEGAN HEARD
SYSTEMS REVIEW
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
LIFE SUPPORTOver the course of 2 years, 12 people would consume:
• 7,360 kg oxygen
• 26,300 kg water
• 18,700 kg food
Recycling is essential for any long term independent space habitation
MEGAN HEARD
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
COMPONENTS• Atmospheric control
• Oxygen production and carbon dioxide management
• Nutrition
• Food production
• Waste management
• Recycling of liquid and solid waste
MEGAN HEARD
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
ATMOSPHERIC CONTROL
• Algae will be used for O2 production and CO2 elimination
• 96 m2 of algae can provide O2 for a crew of 12
• 3 pods will have 48 m2 tanks below the lowest floor
• Algae will require 30 kg of water and will use sunlight to power photosynthesis
• Mechanical filtration will be used to remove other impurities from the air
MEGAN HEARD
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
ATMOSPHERIC CONTROL
• The algae grown will be arthrospira platensis (Spirolina)
• Supplement crew member’s diets
• 57% protein by mass and high in several essential vitamins and minerals
MEGAN HEARD
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
NUTRITION
• Aeroponics for food growth
• Aeroponics reduce water usage by 98 percent, fertilizer usage by 60 percent
• Up to six crop cycles per year, instead of the traditional one to two crop cycles.
MEGAN HEARD
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
NUTRITION
• Located in the central hub to take advantage of the lower gravity
• 200 m2 will be used to produce food for the entire crew of 12
MEGAN HEARD
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
WASTE MANAGEMENT
• In order to be self sustaining, waste products must be used to provide nutrients for agriculture
• 3 stages of bacterial decomposition will be used to purify water and compost waste into usable fertilizer
MEGAN HEARD
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
• Structural Overview
• Life Support
• Internal Architecture
• Guidance, Navigation & Control
• Communication
• Propulsion
• Power Plant
• Mission Planning
• Design Advantages
TRAVIS RAVENSCROFT
SYSTEMS REVIEW
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE• Requirements
• Provide a habitat for a crew of 12
• 47 m2 floor space per person ( ~ 600 m2 total)
• Other considerations
• Psychology of habitable area
• Coriolis effects
• Effects of structural vibration on crew comfort
TRAVIS RAVENSCROFT
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE• Inflatable habitat selected based upon launch and manufacturing considerations
• Vertical and horizontal designs considered
• Horizontal design chosen based upon psychology of area, crew have longer lines of sight
TRAVIS RAVENSCROFT
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE• 6 total habitat structures
• 2 floors per structure
• 820 m2 of useable floor space
• 3 used for living space
• 1 used for recreation
• 1 used for spacecraft control operations
• 1 used for medical and science work
TRAVIS RAVENSCROFT
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
• Lower Floor
• Kitchen
• Bathroom
• Upper Floor
• Bedrooms
• Storage space
CREW LIVING SPACE
TRAVIS RAVENSCROFT
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE• Command and Control module
• Provides workspace for all personnel
• Recreation Pod
• Exercise equipment
• Sections of upper floor removed
• Science and Medical Pod
• Provides lab space for scientific experiments
• Medical area in case of injury or sickness
TRAVIS RAVENSCROFT
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
• Structural Overview
• Life Support
• Internal Architecture
• Guidance, Navigation & Control
• Communication
• Propulsion
• Power Plant
• Mission Planning
• Design Advantages
BRANDON BAKER
SYSTEMS REVIEW
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION & CONTROLSpacecraft Utilities
Navigation Command and Data Computer
Pulsing uplink
Star maps
Operating System
LinuxDoppler ShiftOptical Nav.
Windows MAC
Fully autonomous
High-level cmd, autonomous
task completion
Tele-robotic operation
Command and Control
Attitude Determination
and Control
CMGs GyrosStar Trackers
ThrustersMomentum Wheels
Sensors Actuators
BRANDON BAKER
GNC Detail
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
• Structural Overview
• Life Support
• Internal Architecture
• Guidance, Navigation & Control
• Communication
• Propulsion
• Power Plant
• Mission Planning
• Design Advantages
BRANDON BAKER
SYSTEMS REVIEW
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
Communications
Transponder Waveguide Switches
High-Gain Low-GainMedium-Gain
UHF antenna and Receiver
Control Unit
Command Detector Unit
BRANDON BAKER
Communication Detail
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
• Structural Overview
• Life Support
• Internal Architecture
• Guidance, Navigation & Control
• Communication
• Propulsion
• Power Plant
• Mission Planning
• Design Advantages
COLLIN MARSHALL
SYSTEMS REVIEW
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
PROPULSIONChemical Ion Nuclear Thermal Rocket
• High Thrust• Low Isp
• Low Thrust• High Isp
• High thrust and Isp
• Radiation danger
Assemble in LEO
Travel to Earth-Moon L1 Point
Interplanetary Space Travel
ΔV 2 km/s
Thrusters for attitude control
VASIMR ENGINE
Mass: 50,000 kgCost: $50 mil COLLIN
MARSHALL
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
• Structural Overview
• Life Support
• Internal Architecture
• Guidance, Navigation & Control
• Communication
• Propulsion
• Power Plant
• Mission Planning
• Design Advantages
RYAN HAUGHEY
SYSTEMS REVIEW
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
Power Consumption Estimates
Propulsion 1200 kW
Attitude 500 kW
Inhabitants 200 kW
Total 1900 kW
Power Module required: 2 MW
Power
Dynamic Static
Solar Nuclear Photovoltaic Fuel Cell Nuclear
RYAN HAUGHEY
Power Detail
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
• Structural Overview
• Life Support
• Internal Architecture
• Guidance, Navigation & Control
• Communication
• Propulsion
• Power Plant
• Mission Planning
• Design Advantages
RYAN HAUGHEY
SYSTEMS REVIEW
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
MISSION SCHEDULEPhase 1: Module Assembly
Perimeter modules launched into LEO in paired launches
Structural components launched. Manned missions assemble.
Propulsion module launched and assembled
Phase 2: Gateway Transit
Main engine burn to reach Lagrange Point Deceleration Spin-up commences
Phase 3: Crewed Mission
Direct launch to rendezvous with station Engine refuel Main engine burn to reach
destination
RYAN HAUGHEY
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
MISSION BUDGET
Launch Vehicle Atlas VLaunches 32
Cost Per Launch $140M
Total Launch Cost $4.5B
Mission Quantity PayloadModule Coupling 6 ModulesModule Link 12 TrussesTorus Construction 12 HallwaysPropulsion Attachment 1 PropulsionCrew Deployment 1 Crew
RYAN HAUGHEY
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
• Structural Overview
• Life Support
• Internal Architecture
• Guidance, Navigation & Control
• Communication
• Propulsion
• Power Plant
• Mission Planning
• Design Advantages
RYAN HAUGHEY
SYSTEMS REVIEW
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
DESIGN ADVANTAGES:
• Versatility
• Livability
• Sustainability
RYAN HAUGHEY
INNOVATING THE FUTURE THROUGH…
QUESTIONS?
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
COMMAND AND DATA COMPUTER SUBSYSTEM• Command sequence and programs uplink
• Spacecraft clock
• Telemetry
• Data Storage
• Fault Protection and Safing
• AACS
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
NAVIGATION• Navigation data acquisition
• Velocity via Doppler shift of coherent downlink
• Range via pulsing uplink
• Angular momentum via Differenced Doppler
• Optical navigation
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
SPIN MAINTENANCE ATTITUDE CONTROL
• Control Momentum Gyroscopes (CMG)
• Single-gimbal
• Thrusters
• Reaction/momentum wheels
Back
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
TELECOMMUNICATIONS SUBSYSTEM• High-Gain (HGA), Medium-Gain (MGA) and Low-Gain (LGA) Antennas
• Cassegrain arrangement
• Transponder (transmitter/receiver with a coherent signal)
• Communications Relay
• UHF antenna and receiver for surface vehicle contact and relay
Back
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
POWER SYSTEM SOLUTION
Regenerative Closed Brayton CycleDiagram Source: Megawatt Class Nuclear Space Power
Systems Report - NASA
System Mass: ~40 MT
Backup Solar Panels on each pair of modules
System Mass: ~2.5 MT/pair
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