FRESHWATER DO NOWS

GET THE STNK ON FRESHWATER

OBSERVE THE IMAGES CAREFULLY, FILL-IN WHAT YOU SEE AND THINK YOU KNOW

THEN, SHARE YOUR IDEAS DURING DISCUSSION

RECORD WHAT YOU NOW KNOW ABOUT OUR WATER USAGE

PLEASE PLACE IN THE BIN WHEN YOU ARE DONE

FRESHWATER POWER POINT OPEN-NOTES QUIZ

1. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LENTIC AND LOTIC SYSTEMS? PROVIDE AN EXAMPLE OF EACH.

2. LIST AND DESCRIBE THREE TESTS THAT ARE CONDUCTED TO TEST THE HEALTHINESS OF A WATER SYSTEM.

3. DEFINE THE FOLLOWING TERMS IN YOUR OWN WORDS: WATERSHED, AQUIFER, AND WETLAND.

4. DESCRIBE AND PROVIDE THE CAUSES FOR BOTH ACID MINE DRAINAGE AND EUTROPHICATION.

5. SUMMARIZE THE FOUR MAIN STEPS OF THE WATER TREATMENT PROCESS.

6. HOW CAN WATER DIVERSION AND DAMMING BE A NEGATIVE? HOW ARE THEY POSITIVE?

7. PROVIDE THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN POINT AND NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTANTS. PROVIDE 2 EXAMPLES OF EACH.

8. LIST AND DESCRIBE TWO OF THE BIGGEST WATER ISSUES HERE IN NEW JERSEY, BE SPECIFIC.

DO NOW: WATER OF THE WORLD LAB1. BREAKDOWN THE AMOUNT OF AVAILABLE DRINKING WATER OF THE WORLD BY PERCENTAGES

BELOW: SALTWATER_________%, FRESHWATER:_______%

(OF THE 2.5% FRESHWATER GLACIERS AND ICE ________%. DRINKABLE FRESHWATER:_______% (HOWEVER, MUCH OF THE FRESHWATER IS UNREACHABLE OR UNDRINKABLE)

2. HOW IS IT POSSIBLE HAVE WATER AS A RENEWABLE RESOURCE BUT ALSO A LIMITED RESOURCE?

THE WATER CYCLE IS CONTINUOUSLY RECYCLING WATER, BUT SIMILAR TO THAT OF FOSSIL FUELS, WE ARE USING AND POLLUTED OUR FRESHWATER AT A FAST RATE AND WITH EXCESSIVE POPULATION GROWTH, IT IS LIMITED!

3. DESCRIBE THE CURRENT WATER CRISIS IN SOUTHWESTERN US.

TOO MUCH DIVERSION, SEVERE LACK OF PRECIPITATION AND TOO OVER POPULATED

4. WHAT IS THE CURRENT PERCENTAGE OF PEOPLE WORLDWIDE HOW ARE ALREADY STRUGGLING TO FIND/USE FRESH DRINKING WATER?

1/3 OR 34% OF THE WORLD

5. WHAT IS CONVERTING SEAWATER INTO DRINKING FRESHWATER NOT AN OPTION TO DEAL WITH OUR FRESH DRINKING WATER ISSUE WORLDWIDE?

REQUIRES WAY TOO MUCH ENERGY

97.5 2.5

78% 21

SO…WHAT IS THE PERCENTAGE OF FRESHWATER THAT IS REACHABLE AND DRINKABLE:

FOR OUR: A. 7.2 BILLION PEOPLE ON EARTH (DRINK, BATH, CLEAN…)B. BILLIONS OF CATTLE, COW, PIG, CHICKEN TO DRINK TO EATC. AS WELL AS TO GROW THE FOOD FOR YOUR FOODD. THEN WATER OUR CROPS?????

• OVER 70% OF OUR EARTH'S SURFACE IS COVERED BY WATER ( WE SHOULD REALLY CALL OUR PLANET "OCEAN" INSTEAD OF "EARTH"). ALTHOUGH WATER IS SEEMINGLY ABUNDANT, THE REAL ISSUE IS THE AMOUNT OF FRESH WATER AVAILABLE. 

• 97.5% OF ALL WATER ON EARTH IS SALT WATER, LEAVING ONLY 2.5% AS FRESH WATER 

• NEARLY 70% OF THAT FRESH WATER IS FROZEN IN THE ICECAPS OF ANTARCTICA AND GREENLAND; MOST OF THE REMAINDER IS PRESENT AS SOIL MOISTURE, OR LIES IN DEEP UNDERGROUND AQUIFERS AS GROUNDWATER NOT ACCESSIBLE TO HUMAN USE. 

• < 1% OF THE WORLD'S FRESH WATER (~0.007% OF ALL WATER ON EARTH IS ACCESSIBLE FOR DIRECT HUMAN USES. THIS IS THE WATER FOUND IN LAKES, RIVERS, RESERVOIRS AND THOSE UNDERGROUND SOURCES THAT ARE SHALLOW ENOUGH TO BE TAPPED AT AN AFFORDABLE COST. ONLY THIS AMOUNT IS REGULARLY RENEWED BY RAIN AND SNOWFALL, AND IS THEREFORE AVAILABLE ON A SUSTAINABLE BASIS

HEALTHY WATERSHED LAB1. WHAT ARE SOME OBSERVATIONS THAT CAN BE MADE TO DETERMINE IF A WATERSHED IS

HEALTHY?

ODOR, COLOR, VISCOSITY, PHYSICAL OBSERVATIONS, LACK OF LIFE, TURBIDITY (CLOUDINESS)…

2. WHAT ARE SOME TESTS THAT CAN BE DONE TO DETERMINE IF A WATERSHED IS HEALTHY?

NITRATES, PHOSPHATES, COLIFORM, PH, OXYGEN LEVELS, MERCURY, TEMPERATURE…

3. HOW DOES MERCURY ENTER OUR WATER AND WHAT ARE THE IMPACTS OF HAVING MERCURY IN OUR WATER?

BURNING OF COAL FOR ELECTRICITY – BIOMAGNIFICATION IN THE TOP OF THE FOOD CHAIN- EXAMPLES?

4. HOW DOES NUTRIENT POLLUTION ENTER OUR WATER SYSTEMS?

RUNOFF FROM- FARMS, MANURE, SEWAGE, FACTORIES, PEOPLE’S YARDS AND DRIVEWAYS

5. WHAT ARE THE IMPACTS OF NUTRIENT POLLUTION ON OUR WATER SYSTEMS?

EUTROPHICATION AND EVENTUALLY DEAD ZONES, BIOMAGNIFICATION

DO NOW: WETLANDS LAB1. HOW MANY GALLONS OF FRESHWATER ARE USED BY AMERICAN FACTORIES? HYPOTHESIS AS TO THREE

NEGATIVE IMPACTS THESE FACTORIES CAN HAVE ON OUR WATER RESOURCES?

18 BILLION GALLONS! THERMAL POLLUTION, EUTROPHICATION, HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION…

2. HOW IS WATER USED IN OUR POWER PLANTS AND HOW MANY MUCH WATER IS USED TO REFINE A SINGLE GALLON OF GASOLINE?

WATER IS USED TO COOL AND CLEAN MACHINERY- 1-2.5 GALLONS OF WATER TO REFINE 1 GALLON OF OIL

3. HOW DOES QUESTION #3 DIRECTLY RELATE TO NEW JERSEY? EXPLAIN.

NEW JERSEY IS ONE OF THE LEADING OIL REFINERIES REGIONS IN THE COUNTRY…IMPACTS OF THIS???

4. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN POINT SOURCE AND NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTANT? PROVIDE TWO EXAMPLES OF EACH.

POINT- KNOWN SOURCE (SEWAGE, FARM, CONSTRUCTION) NON-POINT- UNKNOWN SOURCE (RUNOFF OF?)

5. LIST AND DESCRIBE THE FIVE MAIN CATEGORIES OF WATER POLLUTION (THE LARGE GREEN HEADINGS IN THE BOOK)

1. NUTRIENT POLLUTION 4. THERMAL POLLUTION

2. TOXIC-CHEMICAL POLLUTION 5. BIOLOGICAL POLLUTION

3. SEDIMENT POLLUTION

DO NOW: WETLANDS LAB (USE THE BOOK STARTING PAGE 182)

1. IN A POND OR LAKE, WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE LITTORAL AND LIMNETIC ZONE?

2. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LENTIC AND LOTIC FRESHWATER SYSTEMS?

3. USING THE BOOK, LIST AND DESCRIBE FIVE REASONS WHY WETLANDS HAVE SUCH ECOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE.

4. LIST AND DESCRIBE SALT MARSHES AND MANGROVE FOREST.

5. SUMMARIZE EACH OF THE FOLLOWING, ACCORDING TO YOUR BOOK:

1. FRESHWATER MARSHES

2. SWAMPS

3. BOGS

4. FENS

WHEN FINISHED, BEGIN THE WETLANDS LAB. ATTACH THESE FINISHED QUESTIONS TO THE BACK OF THE YOUR AND THEN ALL

WILL BE TURNED INTO THE BIN

DO NOW: BOTTLED WATER LAB1. WHAT INDUSTRY USING 67% OF OUR FRESHWATER HERE IN THE US?

AGRICULTURE

2. WHAT DOES BOD STAND FOR AND WHAT IS IT?

BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND, A TEST THAT EXAMINES THE AMOUNT OF OXYGEN IN A BODY OF WATER

3. WHAT IS A DEAD ZONE AND HOW IS IT CREATED?

AN AREA SO DEPLETED OF OXYGEN THAT NOTHING CAN SURVIVE

IT IS CREATED BY BACTERIA CONSUMING ON THE OXYGEN IN AN UNHEALTHY BODY OF WATER

4. WHAT TOXIC GAS IS RELEASED FROM CATTLE? WHAT DOES IT CAUSE?

METHANE, GLOBAL WARMING

5. WHAT CHEMICAL ALMOST LEAD TO THE EXTINCTION OF THE BALD EAGLE?

DDT

DO NOW CHARTS DUE IN THE BIN ON MONDAY 11/2

DO NOW: CLEANING POLLUTED WATER LAB

1. LIST AND DESCRIBE THE FOUR MAIN STEPS OF THE PUBLIC WATER SANITATION PROCESS.

A. PRELIMINARY- BAR SCREEN THEN GRIT TANK

B. PRIMARY- SETTLING TANK

C. SECONDARY- AERATION TANK CAUSING MICROBES TO MULTIPLE

D. FINAL-KILL MICROBES WITH UV LIGHT OR CHLORINE

2. HOW CAN WETLANDS CLEAN SEWAGE?

1. NATURAL MICROBES WITHIN THE SOIL AND PLANTS EAT FECAL MATERIAL AND THE REST IS CLEANED AS IT TRAVELS THROUGH THE MANY LAYERS OF THE SOIL

3. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GRAY WATER AND BLACK WATER?

A. GRAY- SOAPY WATER FROM CLEANING

B. BLACK- SEWAGE

4. HOW DO WE NATURALLY CLEAN ACID MINE DRAINAGE?

SITTING IN POOLS WITH LIMESTONE TO NEUTRALIZE THE PH, THEN SLOWLY INCORPORATE PLANTS AND ORGANISMS TO BREAK DOWN SOLID MATERIAL

5. HOW DOES A SEPTIC TANK WORK?

• WHEN ENTERING THE WATER TIGHT SEPTIC TANK, DENSITY

ALLOWS THE LIGHTER “SCUM” AND HEAVIER “SLUDGE” TO

SEPARATE AND SIT.

• UP TO 50 PERCENT OF THE SOLIDS RETAINED IN THE TANK

DECOMPOSE; THE REST ACCUMULATE AS SLUDGE AT

THE TANK BOTTOM AND NEED TO BE REMOVED PERIODICALLY

BY PUMPING THE TANK.

• IN THE LEACHING AREA, THIS SYSTEM RELIES HEAVILY ON

THE SOIL, WHERE MICROORGANISMS HELP REMOVE THE ORGANIC MATTER, SOLIDS, AND

NUTRIENTS LEFT IN THE WATER. A STANDARD DRAIN FIELD CANNOT BE USED IN A

CLAY SOILS.

SEPTIC TANKS

Influent

Effluent

DO NOW: TERRARIUM LAB1. WHAT IS THE STORY BEHIND THE DAMAGE TO THE ARAL SEA?

THE SEA SUFFERED LOSS OF ALMOST ALL THE WATER AS WELL A MASSIVE EUTROPHICATION DUE TO AGRICULTURE (COTTON)

2. WHAT WAS ONE OF THE MOST DEVASTATING PROBLEMS THAT OCCURRED IN NJ AFTER SANDY? (CONCERNING OUR FRESHWATER)

SEWAGE- OVER 40 MILLION METRIC TONS WERE DUMPED INTO OUR FRESHWATER SYSTEMS AS WELL AS THE OCEAN

3. WHAT ARE SOME REASONS AS TO WHY BOTTLED WATER IS SO BAD?

NOT TESTED/REGULATED, USES OIL TO MAKE THE BOTTLES, FACTORIES POLLUTE, EXCESSIVE OIL USE IN FACTORIES AND DISTRIBUTION

4. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A FEN AND A BOG?

BOGS ARE VERY ACIDIC CAUSING FOR LITTLE TO NO BACTERIA, WHICH MEANS DEAD ORGANIC MATERIAL IS NOT BROKEN-DOWN

5. WHAT IS SPECIFICALLY WRONG WITH THE POLAND SPRING’S BOTTLED WATER?

IT IS TAKEN FROM OTHER MUNICIPALITIES IN STATES LIKE MAINE

DO NOW: TERRARIUM BOXES LAB1. BASED ON YOUR KNOWLEDGE OF BIOMES, LAST YEAR, WHICH HALF OF THE

COUNTRY WOULD HAVE MORE ACIDIC SOIL, WEST OR EAST AND WHY?