French ColonizationFrench Colonization

Initial Colonization EffortsInitial Colonization Efforts Establishing the Fur TradeEstablishing the Fur Trade RecruitingRecruiting Competition – The DutchCompetition – The Dutch Growth of French ColoniesGrowth of French Colonies Expanding Along the MississippiExpanding Along the Mississippi MissionariesMissionaries

Failed VenturesFailed Ventures 1534 - Jacques Cartier 1534 - Jacques Cartier

– Northwest passageNorthwest passage– 1535 -Tried to establish 1535 -Tried to establish

colonies along the St. colonies along the St. LawrenceLawrence

1564 - French attempted a 1564 - French attempted a

colony near Jacksonville, Flacolony near Jacksonville, Fla

Learned from mistakesLearned from mistakes

First Economic ColonyFirst Economic Colony

Avoid the SpanishAvoid the Spanish 1608 - Samuel de 1608 - Samuel de

Champlain established Champlain established Quebec Quebec – Fur trading postFur trading post– Private venture - New Private venture - New

France Trading CompanyFrance Trading Company

Establishing the Fur TradeEstablishing the Fur Trade

Furs in demandFurs in demand St. Lawrence – St. Lawrence –

transportation transportation – Establish trading posts along Establish trading posts along

the banksthe banks Native AmericansNative Americans

– Established amicable Established amicable relationships (Algonquians).relationships (Algonquians).

– Guns/tools for fursGuns/tools for furs– Disease an issueDisease an issue

French–Native American RelationsFrench–Native American Relations

Three reasons for positive relationsThree reasons for positive relations1.1. InterdependencyInterdependency

2.2. French weren’t a threatFrench weren’t a threat

3.3. Native allies of the French remained Native allies of the French remained autonomousautonomous

Recruiting ColonistsRecruiting Colonists No needNo need

– Fur trade didn’t require many people to Fur trade didn’t require many people to operateoperate

New World not popularNew World not popular ColdCold WildernessWilderness UnfamiliarUnfamiliar

Purpose of ColonyPurpose of Colony

This was a business colonyThis was a business colony– Make money and go home – young menMake money and go home – young men

French often married native womenFrench often married native women The population of French in Canada The population of French in Canada

was small. (In 1650 – 700 men)was small. (In 1650 – 700 men)

Competition - The DutchCompetition - The Dutch 1609 – Henry Hudson - found Hudson River1609 – Henry Hudson - found Hudson River 1614 - Dutch established Ft Orange (Albany) as a 1614 - Dutch established Ft Orange (Albany) as a

trading posttrading post 1626 – Dutch purchase Manhattan island for $25 1626 – Dutch purchase Manhattan island for $25

– named New Amsterdam– named New Amsterdam

Relationship with NativesRelationship with Natives

AmicableAmicable Guns for FursGuns for Furs Traded with Iroquois, Traded with Iroquois,

not Algonquiansnot Algonquians

End of the DutchEnd of the Dutch

Dutch neglected North AmericaDutch neglected North America– Distracted by eastern colonizationDistracted by eastern colonization– Lack of immigrantsLack of immigrants

1664 - British seized New Amsterdam 1664 - British seized New Amsterdam (New York)(New York)

1667, Dutch forfeit all possessions in 1667, Dutch forfeit all possessions in N. America to EnglandN. America to England

French Growth in AmericasFrench Growth in Americas

1663 - New France Co. sold the 1663 - New France Co. sold the colony to the Crowncolony to the Crown

Crown feared British growthCrown feared British growth

Growth of New FranceGrowth of New France

Land grantsLand grants Indentured servants/orphansIndentured servants/orphans

New France:New France:– 1650 - 7001650 - 700– 1663 - 3,0001663 - 3,000– 1700 - 15,0001700 - 15,000

English colonies in 1700 – 234,000English colonies in 1700 – 234,000

Why couldn’t they grow?Why couldn’t they grow?

They had the largest population inThey had the largest population in

Western Europe, why couldn’t theyWestern Europe, why couldn’t they

grow?grow?

1.1. Content in FranceContent in France

2.2. Immigrated to warm climatesImmigrated to warm climates

3.3. Army Army

MissionariesMissionaries 1620s - Jesuit missionaries - 1620s - Jesuit missionaries -

Great Lakes regionGreat Lakes region Indians initially indifferent, Indians initially indifferent,

but warmed to Jesuits, why?but warmed to Jesuits, why?– Jesuits not greedyJesuits not greedy– Jesuits learned native culture Jesuits learned native culture

before convertingbefore converting Had some successHad some success

– Felt they had to accept Jesuits Felt they had to accept Jesuits to maintain French trade to maintain French trade (they were correct)(they were correct)

Pere Jacques MarquettePere Jacques Marquette

1666 –sent to New France1666 –sent to New France Built relationships with tribes in Built relationships with tribes in

Northern WI, MI and Ontario – Huron Northern WI, MI and Ontario – Huron and Ottawaand Ottawa

1673 –Marquette and Louis Joliet 1673 –Marquette and Louis Joliet explore Mississippi Riverexplore Mississippi River– First French to find the Mississippi First French to find the Mississippi

Further ExpansionFurther Expansion

Expanding along the MississippiExpanding along the Mississippi The West Indies - slaveryThe West Indies - slavery

– MartiniqueMartinique– St. LucieSt. Lucie– GuadeloupeGuadeloupe

Robert LaSalle, 1682Robert LaSalle, 1682– Explored the Great Lakes, the Mississippi River Explored the Great Lakes, the Mississippi River – First European to travel the length of the riverFirst European to travel the length of the river– Established small colonies/trading posts along this arcEstablished small colonies/trading posts along this arc– Claimed territory along the Mississippi for FranceClaimed territory along the Mississippi for France