french & british in north america
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French & British in North America. American Pageant (Ch 6) ~ Melissa Carter. History of Wars. King William’s War & Queen Anne’s War British colonists and the coureurs de bois Indian allies Spain and France allies Treaty of Utrecht (1713) Maps were redrawn - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
FRENCH & BRITISH IN NORTH AMERICA
American Pageant (Ch 6) ~ Melissa Carter
History of Wars King William’s War & Queen Anne’s War
British colonists and the coureurs de bois Indian allies Spain and France allies Treaty of Utrecht (1713)
Maps were redrawn France lost Acadia, Newfoundland and the
Hudson Bay Peace in the region led to “salutary
neglect” for the British colonists
Map of Colonial Holdings
History of Wars War of Jenkins’ Ear
British and Spanish In the Caribbean Sea and Georgia Result of Jenkins having his ear cut off for
attempting to smuggle goods in Spanish America (per Treaty)
Led to larger war- King George’s War (War of Austrian Succession)
France allied with Spain British navy won the war
Ohio ValleyAn area desired by both the British and the French
French built a series of forts to protect the valley from British encroachment
George Washington was sent to procure the land for Virginia
French Acadians
“That your Land & Tennements, Cattle of All Kinds and Livestocks of all Sorts are forfeited to the Crown with all other effects, Saving your Money and Household Goods, and you yourselves to be removed from this Province.
Thus it is Preremtorily his Majesty’s orders That the whole French Inhabitants of these Districts be Removed.” ~September 2, 1755
Acadians required to migrate to Louisiana.
Excerpt below given by John Winslow at the Grand-Pre Church, Nova Scotia
Albany Conference 1754 Intercolonial congress in Albany, NY Called together by London Invited the Iroquois Confederacy GOALS:
Attempt to appease local tribes and form an alliance Bribed them with tributes
Create greater sense of colonial unity
Albany Plan of UnionWoodcarving created by Benjamin Franklin
Summarized his idea for the Plan of Union and his thoughts regarding it’s necessity.
A plan to implement colonial rule.
The colonies would work together to solve problems.
Delegates agreed upon the Plan
Both London & the colonial governments denied the plan as either too restrictive or not restrictive enough
1st step toward unification of colonies
French and Indian War
Taking Sides The French VS. The British
There were Native American allies on BOTH sides
The F&I War in America….. The Seven Years War in Europe
Began in 1754 Ended in 1763 with the Treaty of Paris
General Braddock Attempt to capture Fort Duquesne Defeated by a group of Native Americans Lost his life during the battle IMPACT:
Opened the entire frontier to Indian attacks Colonists noticed British weaknesses
William Pitt Focused his efforts on Quebec and
Montreal Defeated Louisbourg (area of contention
for years) Battle of Quebec- most “significant
engagement in British and American history)
Defeated Montreal France was defeated Treaty of Paris- 1763
Treaty of Paris (1763) France lost colonial holdings in North
America France ceded (to Spain) New Orleans
and regions along the Mississippi River
Spain ceded Florida to Britain in exchange for Cuba (Spain & France allies)
Treaty of Paris- Map
Relations b/w Brits & Colonists
Colonists were…
Uncivilized Little better than
savages Uneducated Unrefined
British soldiers were
Rude Crude Out of control Brutish Arrogant
What British Thought? What Colonists Thought?
Remarks made about the colonists and the Colonial Militia:
“in general the dirtiest, most contemptible, cowardly dogs that you can conceive.”
“scum” who had fled to the “outhouses of civilization”
Continued disunity Why????
Distance Geographic boundaries and barriers Nationalities and variety of languages Different governments (colonial) Class struggles (have vs. have nots)
New hope for unity? Why?
Colonists met for the first time during the war
Most spoke a common language Shared a common dislike for British soldiers Appreciated the self-government they had
come to enjoy
Pontiac’s Uprising Chief Pontiac (1763) tried to push British
out of the Ohio Valley in a series of bloody battles
British used biological warfare to defeat them British forts distributed blanketsInfected with smallpox to the Indians Rebellion ended in 1769
Proclamation of 1763Royal proclamation drew a line down the Appalachian Mountains. Colonists could NOT settle to the West of the line. All land West of the line was reserved for Native Americans.
**An attempt to settle the Indian issue
**Resulted in angry colonists- many of whom disregarded the law.