french areas – quebec, st. lawrence river valley, great lakes, mississippi river interested in fur...
TRANSCRIPT
French Areas – Quebec, St. Lawrence River Valley, Great Lakes, Mississippi River Interested in fur trading not colonies Better relationship with the Indians English colonies want to expand and farm ( soil depletion ) Indians resist the English expansion and ally with the French
Old Rivalry – Multiple wars fought between French and English in past centuries
1754 – conflict ignites again as French building forts near the Virginia border
Virginia Gov’t sends George Washington to fight against the French)
The French easily defeat Washington and his militia
Victory will eventually be won by the English
Treaty of Paris, 1763 – France loses
almost all lands in North America (Louisiana)
Indians in the Ohio Valley revolt against the British forts
Conflict become costly for Britain Proclamation of 1764 – States that no
colonist could cross the Appalachian Mtns.
Colonist ignore the law and continue to provoke the Indians
British are heavily in debt b/c of the war and keeping a British Army in America
Trading restrictions are passed to levy
duties ( collect taxes ), smugglers avoid taxes
Sugar Act – affected merchants and traders; protests began against “taxation without representation”, James Otis
Parliament Passes the Stamp Act – Places a direct tax on the colonist SAS Interactivity
required stamp on all legal documents, newspapers, licenses, cards
taxed the rich and the poor Quartering Act, 1765 – placed
military in the homes of the colonist
Sons of Liberty – group of colonist that secretly harassed and led protests; Boston – Sam Adams and John Adams
No taxation without representation Stamp Agents – bill collectors were
harassed
Law Repealed
Townshend Acts
new tax placed on imports such as tea, glass, paper, and paint
Colonists again reacted with protests British reacted by sending more
troops
March 1770 – British soldiers are being harassed by Boston townsfolk
British Guns – British fire on the
crowd, 5 die, Crispus Attucks is the first to fall
John Adams – represents the soldiers
in court, most are found not guilty
Taxes on Tea – lowered the tax but it was enforced
Monopoly on tea given to British Tea
Companies Dec. 1773 – Colonist raided Boston
harbor dressed as Indians and threw the British tea into the harbor before setting the British ships on fire
Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts) – laws passed as a reaction to the Tea Party
Punishments – Closed the Boston Harbor until tea was
repaid Suspended basic civil rights – writ of habeas
corpus Placed more soldiers in the homes Colonial Reaction – Began the Committees
of Correspondence, which spread the word through the colonies, colonial militias form
1st Continental Congress SAS Interactivity
1774 – 1st meeting in Philadelphia to discuss the rights of the colonies, Dickenson of Penn wants peace; agree to meet again in one year
April 1775 – British try to seize weapons stored in Concord
Riders – Paul Revere, William Dawes, and
Samuel Prescott ride to warn colonist (Redcoats are coming)
Conflict – minutemen met British on the
road at Lexington Guerilla Warfare – colonial militia battle
the British along the road to Concord
May 1775 – Called for an army and appointed Washington as leader
Doves – some call for Peace
(Dickenson of Penn)
At the Second Continental Congress, some delegates wanted independence. Others still felt loyal to Britain.
Thomas Paine’s pamphlet Common Sense swayed public opinion toward independence. Finally, the Second Continental Congress agreed.
June 1775 – Colonist establish a position on Breeds Hill overlooking Boston
Ammo – British charge the hill 3
times, deadliest battle of the war, Colonial retreat due to lack of ammo
July 1775 – 2nd Continental Congress sends King George a petition to return to the peace of the past
King George – refuses the petition
and urges the rebellion be put down in the most severe fashion
Loyalist – people still loyal to the King and crown
Patriots – people in support of
Independence Common Sense – written by
Thomas Paine in Jan. 1776 urging independence for the colonies
June of 1776 – Congress was debating Independence
Richard Henry Lee – Proposes a
formal declaration be written Committee appointed to work on the
document (Adams, Jefferson, Franklin) Purpose of the Document Think pair share 25 sec
Explain – to give the reasons for independence
Thomas Jefferson – writes most of the document with Congress editing the final version
July 4, 1776 – The document is finalized and issued
The Declaration said that the purpose of government is to protect the rights of the people.
Government is based on consent of the people. If it disregards their rights or their will, the people are entitled to change or overthrow it.
The Second Continental Congress approved the Declaration on July 4, 1776.
Jefferson – took many ideas from the Enlightened Thinkers
John Locke – Natural Rights and the
Social Contract Rousseau – all men are created equal Enlightenment Philosophers Sas
Interactivity
Reasons for the declaration – listed specific grievances against the King and Parliament; does not describe any particular form of gov’t for the new nation
List of possible reasons w/shoulder partner
Look in book p. compare and see how close you were
Loyalists – those who remained loyal to the King, often called Tories
Patriots – those who supported the move for independence; risked everything because they could be hanged as traitors
British Early – British capture all of the major colonial cities – New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Charleston
Washington’s Retreat – Washington’s army began the retreat after the defeat of New York
Undecided – as many as a third of the colonists were undecided as to whether independence or remaining as part of England was best for them
Now choose sides and create a propaganda poster to bolster support for either the Tories or Patriots
British Early Strategy – To cut the head off of the snake, divide the New England colonies (troublemakers) from the others
Map of British strategy
ROE Usually they would meet in a field
(open ground) March in formation (30-60yrds) Fired volley on command reload.
• Brown Bess v. American Rifle Field Artillery Guerilla tactics (minutemen)
Not many – just enough to keep the hope alive
Dec 1776 – Trenton; British are upset
at the tactics of the Rebels. Jan 1777 – Princeton; again not
playing by the rules Revolutionary war battle!!!!!!!!!
The Battle of Saratoga – Large British force is defeated at Saratoga in Oct 1777; gave France and the rest of Europe reason to support the war in America
Campsite – Washington’s army spent the winter of ‘77-’78
British forces occupied nearby cities Starvation – many of the American
soldiers died of cold and starvation
Congress – struggled to gain supplies for the forces; lack of gov’t
Think pair share: How might these problems influence the formation of future gov
Inflation – prices soared in the colonies and shortages occurred
Women – took over the main jobs of
men who were at war
France – Marquis de Lafayette led a volunteer army from France
Prussia – Friedrich von Steuben
trained patriot soldiers Casmir Pulaski – led and trained
American soldiers
Southern Strategy – the British tried to divide the southern colonies
Charleston – Captured by Cornwallis Kings Mountain – Won by the Patriots;
kept the British out of North Carolina Cowpens – Patriot victory
Battle of Guilford Courthouse – costly British victory, signaled the retreat of Cornwallis
Yorktown – Cornwallis is surrounded
by America and its allies
French – French navy controls the coast line and won’t allow Cornwallis to escape by sea
Washington – drives hard from the
northwest Green – driving up out of the
southwest
Treaty of Paris, 1783 – recognized US independence
set boundaries between Canada and
the US, set boundaries to the Mississippi
Will not resolve issues that will re-
surface
Liberty, Freedom, Equality, Opportunity
Belief in a greater cause Set a precedent for the American
future