french agriculture
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FRENCH AGRICULTURE. Agriculture was in deficit but…. 1945:. Very low farm income. Agriculture=35% of jobs. Small farms. … by rolling out a proactive agricultural policy…. Structural reorganisation. Market organisations. Land consolidation. Technical support, Training for farmers. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Department of International Relations– 20031
FRENCH AGRICULTURE
Department of International Relations– 20032
Agriculture was in deficit but…
1945:1945:
Agriculture=35% of jobs
Small farms
Very low farm income
Department of International Relations– 20033
…by rolling out a proactive agricultural policy…
Market organisations
Technical support, Training for
farmers
Professional organisation
Structural reorganisation
Aid to equipment investments
Land consolidation
Department of International Relations– 20034
• The Common Market (Treaty of Rome in 1957)
• The European Community’s Agricultural Development Policy.
• Liberalisation process of agricultural trade (WTO accords)…
…and setting up a new economic framework…
Department of International Relations– 20035
…Agriculture has undergone far-reaching changes.
664,000 farms
Average UAA per farm: 42 hectares3.4 % of
employment
20032003::
Department of International Relations– 20036
FRANCE: the main agricultural-producing country of the EU
– Number one agricultural power of the European Union (1/4 of EU production
– Largest agricultural area (33 million hectares including 54% of arable land)
23,6
7,8 7,9
24,4
7,9 8
0
5
10
15
20
25
1990 2000
Animal products
including cattle
including milk
Source INSEE in billion euros
35,1
9,1 8,4
36,9
9,9 9,1
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1990 2000
Plant products
including graincropsincluding wine
Department of International Relations– 20037
France’s rank in EU agricultural production
Lu
xe
mb
ou
rg;
0,1
Fin
lan
d;
1,3
Sw
ed
en
; 1
,8
Au
str
ia;
1,9
Po
rtu
ga
l; 2
Ire
lan
d;
2,1
Be
lgiu
m;
2,5
De
nm
ark
; 3
Gre
ec
e;
4
Th
e N
eth
erl
an
ds
; 6
,9
Th
e U
nit
ed
Kin
gd
om
; 8
,9
Sp
ain
; 1
2,2
Ita
ly;
14
,9
Ge
rma
ny
; 1
5,7
Fra
nc
e 2
2,8
0
5
10
15
20
25
In 2000, in percentageIn 2000, in percentage
EU= 280 billion eurosEU= 280 billion euros
Department of International Relations– 20038
02468
1012141618
Sugar Colza &sunflower
Beef
European Union
France
Because of its climate, soils, and Overseas Departments and Territories, FRANCE is the only EU country that can produce practically every agricultural
product
0
50
100
150
200
250
Grain crops
EuropeanUnionFrance
In million of tons
Share of agriculture and agri-food industries in GDP: 4.5%
Department of International Relations– 20039
MAIN AGRI-FOODSTUFF EXPORTS
• France does most of its trading with EU countries (3/4 of exports in value)
• Total exports to EU in 2002: 26.6 billion euros
Beverages, wines, spirits:
6
Beverages, wines, spirits:
8,7
Grain, flour-milling:
5
Grain,
flour-milling: 3,8
Milk, dairy products:
2,8
Milk, dairy
products: 4
Animals, meat:
2,2
Animals, meat:
2,8
Other: 4,2
Other: 6,4
1990
2001
Source: French Customs
In billion euros
Department of International Relations– 200310
Agri-food trade balance in 2002
Fruit, -0,7
Preparations (fruit & vegetables), -1,1
Fish & crustaceans, -1,7
Beverages, wine & spirits, 7,6
Grain & flour-milling, 3,6
Live animals, 1,1
Sugar & confectionary, 0,9
Tobacco, -1,5
Milk & Dairy products, 2,1
SurplusSurplus
DeficitDeficit
In billion euros
Source: Agreste/ Customs
Department of International Relations– 200311
LAND USE
Useful Agricultural
Area
Poplar groves, woods and
forests
Unfarmed land
Non agricultural
land
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1950 1980 2001
In millions of hectares
Grain, oilseed, high-protein
crops
Fallow land
Fodder crops
Other
0
5
10
15
20
1950 1980 2001
Metropolitan territory Arable land
Source Agreste
7.1
2.8
14.3
29.6
1.2
4.5
1.3
11.4
In millions of hectares
Department of International Relations– 200312
SHARE OF USEFUL AGRICULTURAL AREA WITHIN TOTAL AREA
In 2001, in In 2001, in percentagepercentage
Source AGRESTE
Department of International Relations– 200313
• Number of farms: 664,000 in 2000• Average size: 42 hectares• Farmable area = 54% of the territory
UAA Breakdown (in millions of hectares)
2001
Arable Land62%
Grassland area34%
Vineyards, orchards,
other4%
Total UAA=29.5 mil ha
Family Farms
Department of International Relations– 200314
BREAKDOWN OF LIVESTOCK FARMS
Dairy cowsSuckling cows
Source Agreste
Department of International Relations– 200315
BREAKDOWN OF LIVESTOCK FARMS
Location of poultry farms
Source Agreste
Location of pig farms
Department of International Relations– 200316
THE FOREST AND FOREST PRODUCTION
• More than 1/4 of the national territory (27%)
• 3/4 in private property (10 mil. ha.)
Breakdown of woodlands (millions of hectares) in 2000
9,5
4,1
1,4 Mixedforest
Softwoodforests
Hardwoodforests
Source: AGRESTE.
Department of International Relations– 200317
3 Original Features of the French Forest
• Great richness and ecological diversity– 89 different species, 2/3 hardwood
• Predominant share of private forests– 3.7 million timber owners
• A big tropical forest thanks to the Overseas Departments and Territories– 8 million hectares in French Guiana, 0.4
million hectares in Caledonia, etc.
Department of International Relations– 200318
The French Forest: Multicentennial Sustainable Management
• 1219: First Royal Forestry Order
• 1376: Publication of the first forest management plan for a royal forest
• 1669: Order issued by Colbert: First Forestry Code
• 1827: Nancy School of Forestry
• 1945: Creation of the Fonds Forestier National (National Forestry Fund)
Department of International Relations– 200319
Major Tools for Forestry Policy
• The Forestry Act: • Since 1827, it compiles all the laws and decrees; it is
enhanced and updated by Forestry Policy Laws every 20 years or so
• The ‘forest regulations’• Special mode that is mandatory for public forests (4.6 mil.
ha.) of the French State and of the territorial authorities
• The national forest survey
• Taxation tailored to long-term constraints
Department of International Relations– 200320
Principles for the Sustainable Management of French Forests
• The protective function (the environment) is the basis of management
• The production function wherever compatible with forest protection
• The social function and public-focussed function (amenity)• Protection, production, and amenity functions are carried out at
the same time and place• Forest management determines the priority goals and
maximises the tradable and nontradable goods by preserving the capital
Department of International Relations– 200321
• The turnover of maritime fisheries = 1 billion euros (production = 594,067 tons of fish, crustaceans and molluscs)
• National production = 50% of domestic demand
• Fish trade = 10,000 jobs
• 120 processing companies employ an average of 11 wage-earners– Turnover: 2.4 million euros
The resource is preserved by the ‘total allowable catch’ (TAC)
MARITIME FISHERIES
Department of International Relations– 200322
Nord Pas de Calais16.8 %
Haute Normandie3.9 %
Basse Normandie 10.5 %
Bretagne 42.4 %
Pays de Loire11.6 %
Poitou-Charentes2.4 %
Aquitaine2.5 %
Méditerranée9.9 %
Production per Production per regionregion
MARITIME FISHERIES
Department of International Relations– 200323
7,0%11,0%
80,0%
2,0%
< 12 m12 à 16 m16 à 25 m> 25 m
The French fleet had 5,984 ships in 2001
80 % of the ships are under 12 metres in length
THE FRENCH FLEET
Department of International Relations– 200324
AQUACULTURE
• SHELLFISH FARMING:
– Number one shellfish farming country in Europe– Main farmed shellfish: Portuguese and flat oysters,
mussels– Production = 148,400 tons (1997)– 19,000 jobs including 9,500 fulltime jobs (2000)
Department of International Relations– 200325
• FISH FARMING:
– One the world’s leading producers of farmed trout– 66,500 tons; Turnover: 228 million euros in 1999
– Salmon farming = 635 enterprises, 1,580 jobs, 818 locations; Turnover: 114 million euros
– Sea-cage farming = 41 enterprises; Turnover: 47 million euros (sea bass, sea-bream, and turbot)
– Pond fish farming = 12,000 tons including 50% carp and 25% roach; Turnover: 41 million euros
Department of International Relations– 200326
Imports (2001): 3.4 billion euros including 62% fish. The EU supplied 42% of the importsExports (2001): 1.1 billion euros including 68% fish, 81% were exported to the EU.
In France, the foreign trade of fishing products had a deficit of more than 2 billion euros in 2001
IMPORTS Millions of eurosShrimp 537Salmon 486Tuna 315Cod (haddock) 218Scallop 128
EXPORTS Millions of eurosTuna 287Shrimp 109
FOREIGN TRADE BALANCE Millions of euros
Eel, young eel 30Cuttlefish, squid 22Bass 17Anchovies 14Oysters 12Trout 9
Source: Customs
Department of International Relations– 200327
THE EQUINE SECTOR• 500,000 animals of the equine family (42 breeds of horses, donkeys and
ponies)• Specifically focussed on recreational activities: races and riding• Sector employing 55,000 people• Organisational Framework:
– Haras Nationaux (national stud farms): 1,100 people – Health (300 specialised veterinarians and 990 farriery enterprises,
1,270 jobs)– Saddlery (900 enterprises, 2,500 jobs)– Training and research: 850 jobs– Feed manufacturers: 100 companies producing 150,000 tons of horse
feed per year
Department of International Relations– 200328
ORGANISED MARKETS
• Organisation and regulation of product supply (national inter-professional public bodies)
• The inter-professional organisations draw up the agreements on:– Production rules– The mode of the stakeholders’ financial contribution
to network actions– Collective product advertising– The definition of production zones
Since 1982:
Department of International Relations– 200329
PRODUCERS HAVE THE INITIATIVE IN ORGANISING AGRICULTURE
• Agricultural cooperatives for product marketing– 10 to 15% of the turnover of the agri-food industries
• Producer groups– Help with product marketing– Provide members with technical advice– Foster the improvement of equipment (financial aid)– Supervise 60% of livestock farm production, 50% of fruit and
vegetable production, and 30% of grape and wine production
Department of International Relations– 200330
FARMERS’ SOCIAL AND FINANCIAL ENVIRONMENT
• The Mutualité Sociale Agricole (MSA) – protects 1.9 million wage earners and their dependents and
2.3 million farmers, retired farmers and their families
• Financial establishments:– 4.8 billion euros in loans without interest subsidies– 1.4 billion euros mid- and long-term, State subsidised
interest loans• 2,700 local branches of the Crédit Agricole SA (bank)• Crédit Mutuel• Banques Populaires
Department of International Relations– 200331
EVER-CHANGING MODERN AGRICULTURE
• Special agricultural education and training system (CAPA, BTA, BEPA, etc.)
• Ever increasing applied research programmes• Technical and economic advice for farmers• The development of research:
– In 2002, 800 million euros of public appropriations to research (INRA, CEMAGREF, CIRAD, and others)
• Improvement of farming technology
Department of International Relations– 200332
A NETWORK OF EFFICIENT AGRI-FOOD INDUSTRIES (AFI)
• Turnover of the AFI = 17% of all industry• Turnover of the AFI = 114.6 billion euros including 37.1 in exports• Share of AFI added value in GDP = 2,3%• Agri-food industry = 380,100 jobs
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Meats SundryFoodstuffs
Dairyproducts
Beverages AnimalFeed
Fruit &vegetables
Grainmilling
Fish Fats & Oils
Export TurnoverTotal Turnover
In billion of euros
Department of International Relations– 200333
A QUALITY POLICY
• Quality and terroir (locally-made) products (quality label policy)
• Products from organic agriculture
• Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée (AOC, registered designation of origin) products
Department of International Relations– 200334
MONITORED AND CONTROLLED PRODUCTS
• The veterinary services:– 1,000 veterinarian-inspectors– 3,000 technicians– 700 administrative employees– Report to the Directorate for Food and Nutrition and draw up
monitoring and control plans – Strict sanitary certification policy
• Creation of the Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments (AFSSA, the French Food Safety Agency) in 1998
• Controls by the public authorities (fraud control department)
Department of International Relations– 200335
A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT POLICY
• Changing CAP goals:– Rural development programmes ( maintaining
employment level, land management, and so on)– Environmental concerns
• The Law recognises the economic, social and environmental functions
• Quality, safety and security requirements
Department of International Relations– 200336
PUBLIC SUPPORT TO AGRICULTURAL
100%27,378TOTAL
4.6%1,283General services
42.8%11,716Social protection and solidarity
6.6%1,820Research and education
1.5%421Sustainable forest management
1.8%512Rural area and equestrian sports
0.6%170Agri-food industries
34.5%
7.25%
9,470
1,985
Productive agricultural activities
- including EU funding
- including national funding
%Amount (million euros)
Source: SCEES 2002
Department of International Relations– 200337
Presentation by:
– Ministère de l'agriculture, de l'alimentation, de la pêche et des affaires rurales (French Ministry of Agriculture, Food, Fisheries and Rural Affairs)78 rue de Varenne75349 Paris 07 SPPhone: 01 49 55 49 55www.agriculture.gouv.fr
With the help of:– L’Association pour de Développement des Echanges Internationaux
de Produits et Techniques Agro-alimentaires (ADEPTA) (Association for the Development of the International Trade of Agri-Foodstuff Products and Technologies)41 rue de Bourgogne
75007 ParisPhone: 01 44 18 08 88www.adepta.com