freedom of assembly and of association 1.common sources 2.right to assembly 3.right to association...
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Freedom of assembly and of association
1. Common sources
2. Right to assembly
3. Right to association
4. Freedom of foundation of a party
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1. Common sources2. Right to assembly
• National constitutions (Belgian, German)
• International treaties (International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, ECHR Article 11)
• Practice of Strasbourg:
- right to counter-demonstration but tranquillity (A)
- security measures (CH)
- demonstration against judicial procedure (F)
• Hungarian constitutional regulation:
- 1945 departmental order signed by the Interior Minister
- Act I of 1989: assembly-association together
- Act XXXI of 1989 Articles 62 and 63
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- Act III of 1989* boundaries – crimes, rights of other people* organizer – civic rights* duty of registration* police interdict – representative authorities, courts + order of traffic * (2004: congestion or by another route not)
+ judicial way* dispersal – crime, rights of other people + armed + without registration* guaranties of criminal law – injury of freedom of assembly, breach of peace* right to assembly of soldiers
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- Decision 55/2001 AB
* communication right
* „peaceful assembly”
* spere of organizers
* duty of registration
* „right to traffic”
* dispersal in case of lack of registration
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3. Right to association• Opinions against association (Rousseau, Act on Le Chapelier) • National constitutions (Belgian, Dutch)• International treaties (Universal Declaration , International Covenant on
Civil and Political Rights, ECHR)• Soviet model: structure of society, association• Act II of 1989 + amendment to the constitution
* boundary – with political aim + armed* freedom of foundation of a party + freedom of coalition
Types of organization:• Social organization, association
vs.• Public body (The Hungarian Academy of Sciences), economic, trade
Chamber* obligatory membership (no right to negative association)
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• Exterior and interior right to association- relation between state and association:
* system of foundation of association:a) concessionb) free foundation of bodyc) normative conditions, Decision 6/2001 AB: dragging out of the
procedure* Case of Szivárvány: Decision 21/1996 AB – state’s duty of child protection + ECtHR* supervision on legal grounds: association vs. party
- right to interior association* fundamental rules, admission of new members (Boy Scouts), rights of membership* organizational construction: general meeting, execution, representation – democracy?
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4. Freedom of foundation of a party• Political will formation; mediatory function (Act on non-discrimination)• Duty of putting up a candidate: Decision 53/1996 AB - L. Sólyom• Exterior freedom:
- equal opportunity: Decision 27/1998 AB – 5%- prohibition of fascist parties - armistice: 810/B/1992
(1993) - ECtHR:* X. v. Italy
* Case of ÖZDEP: proscription of Kurd party – injury of Article 11 but Refah-prohibition not!
- prohibition of party membership, conflict of interest* Case of Rekvényi – „historical circumstances”* Case of Vogt: dismissal of a German communist teacher - injury of Article 11
- party financing: * budgetary subsidy but not for everything (BVerfGE)* control of management – National Audit Office
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• Interior freedom:
- requirement of interior democracy
- prohibition of party organization in place of employment
- cessation: court
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Thank you for your attention!