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Free Will as part of Freedom and Necessity by drd. Nicoleta Neagu

The term of independence is a concession made to the mans freedom as part of the

settled necessity by the natural and the divine order and it is appeared through the

Medieval Christian philosophy. The Antic philosophy thinking does give any chance to

man to choose about the natural and the human reality making him the slave of necessityand Divinity. On the same line, the modern rationalism does give any chance of

Demiurge, making the man the slave of determinism cause effect, covered by the la!sof nature and society, !hich represent a fatality, the t!in brother of Destiny antic term.

As a reaction, the philosophic and anthropological vision of the "#" "" centuries

makes the freedom of the human being until to voluntarism, contesting in many

categories of determinism necessity, la!, cause, effect, etc. $%ree !ill& is obtained tothe balance of the "" century after the progresses of the 'uantum in physics, in !hich, it

seems, the panderers is not available being replaced by indeterminism called (free !ill.

Approached by the ontological perspective, mans freedom is not completely cancelled,but is supposed to gods desire, !hich threat men as slaves, only )rometheus endures

*believes+. The total desire of gods depersonalies and it becomes Destiny, !hich is fi-ed

in mans life. Oedipus commits the parricide murdering a/os, his father, and the incestmarrying to #ocasta, his mother0 Oreste and 1lectra commit the murder of killing

Clytemnestra, their mother and revenging the murder of their father Agamemnon0 as

puppets of Destiny bothered by the blooding gods. The idea is taken by the 2udaicmonotheism0 (man doesnt kno! his life3 like the fishes !hich are caught in the killing

tra!l and like the birds !hich are falling, the same the mans sons are caught in evil hour

!hen is coming over them. Destiny is 4od, (man cannot find the understanding !hose

are under the sun. $The destiny is at the foot of the coat, but the decision comes from4od&, $Man can think in his heart, but the ans!er given by the tongue comes from 4od&3

$5e prepare the horse for the !ar day, but the success comes from 4od& *The Old

Testament 1cclesiastes+. A natural clothe of Destiny, effect of the necessity and of thedeterminism cause effect bring the antic, 4reek philosophers0 $Destines are the maters

of ours&, $The causes are born to their effects&, $Our /oys and our pains !ere decided a

long time ago&. *6eneca+ 7o!ever, if everything comes from 4od, man is not guilty forhis mistakes and it is not possible to be mended, 4od is guilty for the humans sins and

the moral education, the promise, the interdiction, the piece of advice, the threat, the

re!ard and the punish loose their sense and also their utility. Man must be endo!ed !ith

a little of liberty of the action, !ith the (free !ill !ith divine concession for choosingbet!een good and bad, for controlling the behaviour and for supporting the conse'uences

of the sins !hich are originals and normal. $Man is endo!ed !ith free !ill, so the

re!ards, the stimuli, the orders, the bans, the advice and the punishment !ill be in vainsays Thomas dAghino. (%rom the things !hich happen, some of them are in our po!er,

others not3 (4od made man from the beginning and let him in the po!er of his !isdom,

it means in the po!er of his free !ill3 (Man being rational, must be endo!ed !ith hiso!n free !ill. Methodiu from Olympus synthesied the concept of free !ill as0 $Those

!ho affirm that man is not freedom and !ho say that is managed by the implacable la!s

of the destiny can be guilty in front of 4od !ho is considered the author of bad comingover the humans. 8. 7o!ever, 4od cannot be the cause of evil. 6o, Destiny doesnt

e-ist3 (from the beginning man had the po!er of the submission or not in front of 4od.

This po!er !as the free !ill *Methodiu from Olympus, $About the %ree 5ill&, chapter

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"9##+. The rationalists of the modern philosophy *David 7ume, :aruh 6pinoa,

Descartes, and eibnit+, the illuminists *Montes'uieu, 2ean 2ac'ues ;ousseau+, the

4erman classics * The

free !illing is not according !ith =ietsche the capacity of choosing, the supremeemotion. #t is not a relation bet!een cause and effect, not even necessity but only

freedom, an absolute freedom of the !ill. A voluntarism taken to the e-treme can be

found at 2ean )aul 6artre !here the free !ill is the ontological principle, the supremeembodiment of the human freedom. The conscious of man is (the incontestable author of

an event or of an ob/ect and (!hich makes to be a !orld. The freedom is given by the

pro/ects !hich man proposes, its limits are the dangers, !hich threaten the pro/ects. (The

most savage situation of !ar, the hardest persecutes do not create a condition of inhumanthings. #n a life, do not e-ist accidents8 if # am mobile in a !ar, this !ar is my !ar, it

seems !ith me and # deserve it 8 because # could take back through the suicide or the

desertion 8 %or the fact that # didnt take back of a situation, # have chosen it8 Duringthe !ar there are not the innocent victims8 Man is 8 convict at the freedom (the

freedom is a scourge and in the same time (the uni'ue source of the human greatness. A

ne! sense of the indeterminism, the absence of causality, is obtained by (the free !ill inthe theory of 'uantic physics. 1instein !rote in ?@? to Ma- :orn0 (As for our scientific

opinions, !e evaluated to the antipodes. Bou believe in a 4od !ho plunges, and # believe

in an absolute la!.