Free throw: Knee = hinge joint. Movement is getting into flexion in the preparation phase for the free throw. Agonist is the hamstring. Quadriceps is the antagonist. This movement occurs because you are bending your knees which is flexion and because your muscles work in pairs, so your hamstrings contract which pulls the joints which then makes you bends your knees. The next movement following on from flexion is extension when you are going to release the ball. The agonist is the quadriceps and the antagonist is the hamstrings. Free throw: Force summation – which is your force that you are producing. The amount of momentum I need to give the basketball is determined by force summation. This means to gain maximum momentum, my force needs to be generated by using as many segments of the body as possible, in the correct order (such as using larger muscles first like the gluteals, hamstrings and quadriceps, and the smaller muscles last like your wrist flexors), and with the correct timing. You also need to use the greatest range of motion about the joints order to gain maximum momentum. Why – The shot begins with the movement of the legs pushing into the ground. The force is then returned back up to the legs, then the shoulders, to the forearms and finally to my fingertips when I release the ball. It’s used because to do a successful shot you need sufficient velocity and force to ensure the acceleration of the ball is enough to make it travel the distance to the hoop. The whole body is used to generate the maximal effort required to the point of releasing the ball. Your body does not move all at once at the same time, but in the sequential order I have recommended previously in order to maximise the distance of the free throw. However the player would need to judge the distance they are doing the free throw from, and would then have to take into consideration the amount of force they put into this free throw to ensure it reaches the hoop. Free throw: In force summation, we have to make sure that we use the correct timing of our body segments to produce maximum momentum. If the timing of the body segments is out of order, the free throw will lack co-ordination and maximum force generated will be less, so we need to make sure we use our large muscles first and the smaller muscles last . An example is if I used smaller muscles first, like my forearms to move the ball prior to pushing down into the ground with my larger muscles – the free throw would then be all out of timing, resulting in a poor shot, with no accuracy or power behind it. If I didn’t use as many body segments as possible, such as not bending down with my large muscles, there will not be enough force (power) to drive the ball into the hoop. And if I didn’t use a great range of motion, I would be limiting my shot like if I didn’t follow through with the wrist when I have released the ball, it will not go towards my desired target.

Demonstrate comprehensive understanding of how exercise physiology is involved in basketball. The short term physiological changes that happens to the body during the game of basketball was … .. I had to take in more air with each breath to keep up with the oxygen demands of the activity. My muscles needed to receive more blood and hence oxygen. I had to go off the court regularly to keep myself hydrated with water as I was sweating a lot as it was trying to cool my body down. My energy levels were low at the end of the game as I was becoming tired, therefore my concentration was low and I made lots of mistakes. The major energy system used in a game of basketball is the anaerobic lactic system, meaning the activity is at a shorter duration, but at a higher intensity. The energy is supplied through the burning of carbohydrates, which builds up lactic acid, which eventually causes performance to decrease. The aerobic system allows you to pay for a long period of time, running up and down the court. Anaerobic lactic system affects the way you play the game as in basketball you repeat multiple high intensity activities with minimal rest period of short quick burst of runs and jumps, followed by sprints to the other end of the court. Although rests are present, stretches of continuous play can last anywhere from two to three minutes. It also uses the energy system faster making you tired quicker and start to feel the burning sensation of the lactic acid which will build up during the game. Changes that would occur in your body as a result of a six month training programme would be ….

The functional anatomy and biomechanical principles were completed verbally by the student. The assessor asked the student the verbal questions that were completed during class time. The assessor videoed each student, and has supplied a summary of evidence for each student. For the purpose of providing detailed annotated exemplars, some aspects of the student work have been fully transcribed. The exercise physiology principles were completed as a report (in class, supervised).

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Student 1: Low Excellence