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The creation of the world wide web

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The Target group

THIS COURSE TARGETS TO THE FIRST YEAR

MASTER STUDENTS.

OPTION: LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION AT

THE DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH AT MOULOUD

MAMMERI UNIVERSITY OF TIZI OUZOU.

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The aim of This lesson

The Aim Of This Course Is To Introduce The Emergence Of The

World Wide Web to the students. It is designed to enrich the

students with some important concepts around the

advancements in the field of the communication technologies.

Subsequently, This Course Will Explain The Notion Of The World

Wide Web From The Creation Of The ARPA To The Introduction Of

The Principle of Hypertext. This Latter Was Then Connected To

The Internet, Which Gave birth To The WWW. It is from here that

started the new communication technologies from which we are

beneficiating now .



Contents:• Introduction

• Section one: ARPAnet

• Section two: Hypertext

- Hypertext Markup Language (HTLM)

- Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

• section three: The World Wide Web

- Web addresses

- Creation of the World Wide Web

Consortium (W3C)

• Conclusion

• Bibliography



Introduction

computer networking appeared during the Cold War as a

competition between the USA and USSR.

U.S. President D. Eisenhower established several government

agencies to meet the new need for technology development.

In 1958, the “ARPA” was created in the U.S. department of

defense.

In 1965, the principle of “hypertext” was coined by Ted

Nelson.

In 1991, the “World Wide Web” was founded by T. Berners-

Lee and Robert Cailliau.



Section one: ARPAnet

• In 1958, the ARPA of the U.S. department of defense was

created and Computer scientists realized that assisting

human communication was its most fundamental advance.

• In 1962, the ARPAnet was renamed the IPTO, then,

computer scientists using it realized that assisting human

communication was its most fundamental advance.

• Licklider’s vision was to create online communities. He

shifted the idea of computers as arithmetic engines to

computers as human interactive and communicative device.

• This way of communication led to the internetwork, called

later the Internet.



Section two: Hypertext

• in 1965, Ted Nelson introduced the principle of

“hypertext” for the first time.

• Hypertext is the presentation of linked information

in a non-linear fashion.

• The hypertext technique links the files by the set of

thematic relationships, not sequential.

• It describes, apprehends and manipulates textual

documents according to a process that results in a

non-linear structure.



Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP):• content that is meant to be rendered on a computer screen.

• markup or tag, encoded Information that direct the text format on the

screen .

• a subset of a broader language called Standard Generalized Markup

Language SGML, which is a system for encoding and formatting documents,

whether for output to a computer screen or to a paper.

Hypertext Markup Language (HTLM):

http represents the scheme, or protocol, used to retrieve the document.

It indicates that the document is a Web page viewable by a Web browser

is the presentation of information as a linked network of nodes which

readers are free to navigate in a non-linear fashion.



section three: The World Wide Web In 1991, Berners-Lee and Robert Cailliau founded the WWW,

and In 1994, Tim Berners Lee established the World Wide Web

Consortium.

The vision Tim Berners Lee saw the world as connections,

nothing else, just like the human brain where no knowledge

exists until connections are made between the cells

He had for the web was about something that could

potentially be connected to something else.

He connected the Hypertext to the internet and this gave

birth to the World Wide Web.



- Web addresses: URL (Uniform Resource Locator) an address

identifying the location of a file on the Internet, consisting of the protocol, the

computer on which the file is located, and the file's location on that computer

- The World Wide Web Consortium

In 1994, Berners-Lee founded and established the World Wide Web

Consortium (W3C) in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). The

W3C encompasses the different societies that are ready to create

standards and make recommendations in order to improve the quality of

the web. Even if the basic principles of the web are relatively simple, Tim

Berners Lee knew how to combine them such a way that they create new

potentials. But, his most important contribution was maybe his idea that

he made completely free without any brevet or rights.



Conclusion:

• ARPANET (Internet) + Hypertext = World Wide Web.

• Tim Berners Lee was deeply determined in making all the

information stored in computers all over the world available and

accessible to everybody.

• The World Wide Web created a knowledge society

of openness and freedom of expression.

• The WWW created a world where everybody can

interact, exchange and share his/her ideas, beliefs,

values, opinions and all kinds of information,

without any prejudice.



Bibl iography:

• ARPAnet handout.

• Barlow J. Perry. 1996. “A Cyberspace Independence Declaration”.

Davos, Switzerland, 1996.

• Berners T. Lee. 1999. “Weaving the web”. New York: HarperCollins,

1999.

• Microsoft Encarta 2008.

• Wikipedia free encyclopedia.

• http//www.calvin.edu.academic/rit/webBook/chapter3/

introduction/arpanet.hhtml

• http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ World_Wide_Web_Consortium

• http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/elab/hfl0054.html


http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/

http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/elab/hfl0054.html

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