Free Haul – Overhaul

Free haul distance – is the specified distance wherein an excavated material will be hauled without additional cost.

Overhaul – is an authorized hauling in excess of the free haul distance. - Units for overhaul is cubic meter – station or cubic yard –mile .- The 1979 FHWA specifications define overhaul as “the number of cubic yards of overhauled material multiplied by the overhaul distance.”

Methods of Measurement The overhaul distance for material obtained and placed within the roadway limits will be measured along the centerline of the roadway. No allowance will be made for transverse of lateral movement to or from the centerline except materials moved to or from designated areas outside the roadway limits.

If the contractor chooses to haul materials from other route which is longer than the designated source, payment will be based on the overhauldistance measured along the route designated bythe engineer.

Mass Haul Diagram - it is a diagram provides a suitable means for studying haul and overhaul to compute the total payment.

Shrinkage or swell factor - it is well known that one cubic meter of excavation on amount will not occupies exactly 1 m³ of space in the fill, so adjusting is required. - Shrinkage and swell are often expressed as “percent shrinkage” or “percent swell” , which represent the percent volume change between cut and fill.

Example: Given the following end areas for cut and fill using a shrinkage of 10% . Draw the Mass Haul Diagram (MHD).

X-axis - represent the distance in stationY-axis – represent the cumulative volume

Mass Haul Diagram

Borrow - it is the location away from right of way and it is chosen by the engineer.-Borrow material often must be brought into the roadway from outside the grading prism.-All such hauled in materials are commonly classified as “borrow”. -Pay for borrow usually is by cubic yard, measured in the space originally occupied in the borrow pit. Occasionally, the borrow volume is determined in the completed fill

Waste – it is the unwanted excavation material which should be disposed out of right way.