1

FREE

ELE

CTR

ON

LA

SER

FR

EE E

LEC

TRO

N L

ASE

R

CO

NFI

GU

RA

TIO

NS

CO

NFI

GU

RA

TIO

NS

Nik

olay

Nik

olay

Vino

kuro

vVi

noku

rov

Bud

ker

Bud

ker

Inst

itute

of N

ucle

ar P

hysi

csIn

stitu

te o

f Nuc

lear

Phy

sics

Nov

osib

irsk,

Rus

sia

Nov

osib

irsk,

Rus

sia

2

Free

el

ectr

on

lase

rs

(FEL

) pr

ovid

e

mon

ochr

omat

ic ra

diat

ion

at a

ny w

avel

engt

h

(0.1

nm

–1

mm

) an

d co

ntin

uous

ly t

une

this

wav

elen

gth.

Ave

rage

pow

er o

f ra

diat

ion

may

be

up to

100

kW

.

FEL

use

the

phen

omen

on o

f stim

ulat

ed

undu

lato

r rad

iatio

n.

Elec

tron

traj

ecto

ry in

a p

lana

r und

ulat

or

Und

ulat

or i

s th

e m

agne

tic s

yste

m,

whi

ch c

reat

es

spac

e-pe

riodi

c al

tern

atin

g tr

ansv

erse

m

agne

tic

field

. In

su

ch

a fie

ld

elec

tron

s m

oves

al

ong

slig

htly

be

nt

(sin

usoi

dally

, or

he

lical

ly)

traj

ecto

ry.

An

undu

lato

r w

as

inve

nted

by

V. L

. Gin

zbur

gin

194

7. radi

atio

n

4

1 –

inpu

t ele

ctro

n be

am2

–un

dula

tor

3–

used

ele

ctro

n be

am4

–in

put r

adia

tion

5 –

ampl

ified

radi

atio

n

The

sim

ples

t FEL

sch

eme

2

13

45

alte

rnat

ing

mag

netic

fiel

d

5

Syn

chro

tron

radi

atio

n

6

Tim

e de

pend

ence

of t

he u

ndul

ator

radi

atio

n fie

ldc

cλT

()

⎟⎟ ⎠⎞⎜⎜ ⎝⎛

+−

=⎟ ⎠⎞

⎜ ⎝⎛+

−

≈−

⎟ ⎠⎞⎜ ⎝⎛

+=

−=

∫

∫∫

22

0

20

2

0

41

121

1

1

rk

vvdz

dzdxv

cvdz

dzdxc

vdzT

w

ww

ww

z

w

ww

βλ

βλ

λλ

λ

λλ

7

Wav

e fr

onts

, pr

opag

atin

g fr

om

poin

ts

of

the

elec

tron

tr

ajec

tory

w

ith

max

imum

ac

cele

ratio

n (u

ndul

ator

fie

ld

max

ima)

. Th

e ra

diat

ion

wav

elen

gth λ

is m

inim

al fo

r the

forw

ard

dire

ctio

n.

uλ

λ⎟⎟ ⎠⎞

⎜⎜ ⎝⎛+

≈

⎟⎟ ⎠⎞⎜⎜ ⎝⎛

−=

221

cos

1

2

2

θγ

λ

θλ

λ

u

ucv

8

Spon

tane

ous

undu

lato

r rad

iatio

n. P

hoto

was

mad

e at

the

VEPP

-3 s

tora

ge ri

ng (B

udke

rIN

P, 1

978)

.

9

Sync

hron

ism

con

ditio

n: a

t ea

ch u

ndul

ator

per

iod

elec

tron

lags

beh

ind

its

radi

atio

n by

one

w

avel

engt

h.

10

The

spon

tane

ous

undu

lato

r ra

diat

ion

spec

trum

11

Stim

ulat

ed E

mis

sion

–sy

nchr

oniz

atio

n of

ra

diat

ors

12

Rad

iatio

n pu

lses

from

diff

eren

t rad

iato

rs

pass

thro

ugh

a m

onoc

hrom

ator

Mon

ochr

omat

or

T

()

[](

)()

()(

) ⎥ ⎦⎤⎢ ⎣⎡

+−

−=

+−

−−

=∑

∑−

nn

nt

it

in

nn

nM

tt

Tt

te

ae

tt

Tt

tt

ta

tE

nϑ

ϑϑ

ϑω

ωω

Re

cos

)(

13

The

sign

al p

ower

(spe

ctra

l den

sity

) is

prop

ortio

nal t

o th

e am

plitu

de

squa

re

3ti eω

2ti eω

1ti eω

4ti eω

5ti eω

3ti eω

2ti eω

1ti eω

4ti eω

5ti eω

AB

()

∑∑

∑−

=m

n

tt

i

n

ti

mn

ne

aae

ωω

22

А–

cohe

rent

radi

atio

n (p

hase

d ra

diat

ors)

В–

“inco

here

nt”r

adia

tion

14

Sum

mat

ion

of a

sin

gle

radi

ator

pul

se a

nd a

m

onoc

hrom

atic

wav

e

Mon

ochr

omat

or

T

()

22

21

1R

e2

aAae

Aae

At

it

i+

+=

+−

ωω

15

The

wav

e po

wer

var

iatio

n

()

Ta

TAae

TA

Tae

At

it

i2

22

11

Re

2+

+=

+−

ωω

A

1ti

aeω

16

Stim

ulat

ed

emis

sion

is

ca

used

by

sy

nchr

oniz

atio

n of

indi

vidu

al ra

diat

ors.

For

an

FEL

it is

sim

ply

the

long

itudi

nal b

unch

ing,

as

it ta

kes

plac

e in

all

trav

ellin

g w

ave

tube

s.Th

e fir

st F

EL,

mad

e by

R.

Phyl

lips

in 1

959,

w

as t

rave

lling

wav

e tu

be w

ith u

ndul

ator

, and

ca

lled

“ubi

tron

”.

17

The

sim

ples

t tr

avel

ling

wav

e tu

bes

use

the

stim

ulat

ed C

here

nkov

radi

atio

n.

Met

allic

tube

Die

lect

ric

EE

lect

ron

beam

18

As

the

elec

tron

vel

ocity

in t

he u

ndul

ator

has

the

tra

nsve

rse

com

pone

nt, t

he e

lect

ric fi

eld

of th

e tr

ansv

erse

wav

e ch

ange

s th

e el

ectr

on e

nerg

y. L

et t

he t

ime

lag

of a

n el

ectr

on,

pass

ed

one

undu

lato

r pe

riod

λ u,

with

res

pect

to

the

wav

e is

one

w

avel

engt

h λ.

The

n th

e to

tal v

aria

tion

of a

n el

ectr

on e

nerg

y in

th

e un

dula

tor m

ay b

e si

gnifi

cant

.

z

x

Ev

λ

uλ

19

Elec

tron

bun

chin

g du

e to

the

ener

gy (a

nd,

ther

efor

e, v

eloc

ity v

) mod

ulat

ion

BC

vA

vv

zz

z

20x

xVmce

dzdε

γ3

=

⎟⎟ ⎠⎞⎜⎜ ⎝⎛

+≈

21

2

2

20

Kw γλ

λ

sync

hron

ism

e co

nditi

onw

hich

is n

eces

sary

for t

heen

ergy

tran

sfer

Prin

cipl

e of

the

FEL

osci

llato

r ope

ratio

n

21

The

sche

me

of th

e FE

L os

cilla

tor

-3-2

-10

12

3-0

,3

-0,2

-0,10,0

0,1

0,2

0,3

Gain, a.u.

δω/ω

◊, 1/

Nw

Nar

row

ban

dwid

th a

mpl

ifier

with

feed

back

Equi

vale

nt s

chem

e of

FEL

os

cilla

tor (

)ω

Gno

ise

22

FELs

co

ver

seve

n or

ders

of

m

agni

tude

w

avel

engt

h ra

nge

–fr

om 1

mm

to 0

.1 n

m.

THz

FELs

w

orks

in

R

ussi

a (B

udke

rIN

P),

Hol

land

(FEL

IX),

USA

(UC

SB),

Kor

ea(K

AER

I), F

ranc

e(C

LEO

), Ja

pan,

and

oth

er p

lace

s.X-

ray

FELs

op

erat

e in

U

SA

(LC

LS),

and

Ger

man

y(F

LASH

). X-

ray

FEL

proj

ects

are

in J

apan

, G

erm

any,

Kor

ea, I

taly

, UK

, and

Chi

na.

FEL

of t

he D

uke

Uni

vers

ity (

USA

) is

use

d to

ge

nera

te 1

00 M

eV(λ

=10-

14m

)pho

tons

.

23

0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

110100

1000

|Iω0|2, о.е.

z, о

.е.

экспоненциальный рост

начальная ст

адия

насы

щение

Bun

chin

g de

gree

vs.

und

ulat

or le

ngth

Hig

h ga

in F

EL

24

Exam

ples

: sm

alle

st a

nd b

igge

st F

ELs

25

Com

pact

TH

z FE

L.D

evel

oped

and

bui

lt by

the

Bud

kerI

NP

for K

AER

I(K

orea

). O

pera

tes

sinc

e 19

98.

mic

rotr

on

BEA

MLI

NE

undu

lato

r

26

X-ra

y FE

L (S

LAC

, США

)

27

Und

ulat

or o

f the

x-r

ay F

EL (t

otal

leng

th

abou

t 50

m)

28

Poss

ible

sch

eme

of th

e co

mbi

ned

LWFA

an

d X-

ray

FEL

expe

rimen

t

29

FEL

deve

lopm

ent i

n th

e B

udke

rIN

P

30

Kly

srto

nan

d op

tical

kly

stro

n

L 1

L b

L 2

The

mic

row

ave

klys

tron

. 1,

2 -

reso

nato

rs, 3

-dr

ift

spac

e, 4

-el

ectr

on b

eam

.

The

elec

tron

traj

ecto

ry in

th

e op

tical

kly

stro

n.

31

Firs

t in

the

wor

ld h

ybrid

per

man

ent m

agne

t und

ulat

or (B

udke

rIN

P,

OK

-2, 1

980)

. Use

d in

opt

ical

kly

stro

n, w

hich

was

pro

pose

d an

d de

velo

ped

theo

retic

ally

and

exp

erim

enta

lly in

Bud

kerI

NP

.

32

•19

77-1

985

–in

vent

ed a

nd b

uilt:

opt

ical

kly

stro

n, v

aria

ble-

gap

perm

anen

t m

agne

t un

dula

tor,

hyb

rid p

erm

anen

t m

agne

t un

dula

tor;

•

theo

retic

al in

vest

igat

ion

of F

EL p

hysi

cs;

•ex

perim

enta

l st

udy

of s

pont

aneo

us a

nd s

timul

ated

em

issi

on o

f op

tical

kl

ystr

on w

as p

erfo

rmed

.

•19

85-1

994

–vi

sibl

e an

d U

V ra

nge

FEL

was

bui

lt.•

long

ele

ctro

mag

netic

und

ulat

ors

of o

rigin

al d

esig

n;•

shor

t-w

avel

engt

h re

cord

for

FEL

(0.

24 m

icro

n);

•lin

ewdi

thna

rrow

ing

by in

trac

avity

Fabr

y-Pe

rot

etal

on;

•el

ectr

on o

utco

uplin

gof

rad

iatio

n in

FEL

was

pro

pose

d an

d te

sted

.

FEL-

rela

ted

activ

ity o

f Bud

kerI

NP

33

FEL

at b

ypas

s on

the

VE

PP

-3

stor

age

ring

(Bud

kerI

NP

, 19

87-1

995)

.

34

Ele

ctro

mag

netic

und

ulat

or O

K-4

(Bud

kerI

NP

, 198

7-19

95. S

ince

199

6 –

in D

uke

Uni

vers

ity, U

SA

).

35

FEL

linew

idth

narr

owin

g w

ith in

trac

avity

glas

s pl

ate

36

FEL

linew

idth

3·10

-6

37

Duk

e U

nive

rsity

FEL

-bas

ed H

igh

Inte

nsity

Gam

ma-

ray

Sour

ce u

se th

e FE

L in

trac

avity

radi

atio

n fo

r the

bac

k C

ompt

on s

catte

ring.

38

e-e-

Und

ulat

or 1

(ene

rgy

mod

ulat

ion)

Und

ulat

or 2

(radi

atio

n)

Why

ele

ctro

n ou

tcou

plin

g?

•low

er lo

ad o

n op

tical

cav

ity m

irror

s

•wav

elen

gth

tuna

bilit

y (h

igh

pow

er p

artia

lly tr

ansp

aren

t

mirr

ors

have

nar

row

ban

d)

Sche

mat

ic d

iagr

am o

f ele

ctro

n ou

tcou

plin

g

3939

Elec

tron

out

coup

ling

and

Youn

g ex

perim

ent w

ith tw

o un

dula

tors

40

Inte

rfer

ence

pic

ture

s, o

bser

ved

at

a)no

n-ac

hrom

atic

ben

d,

b)ac

hrom

atic

ben

d w

ithou

t de

lay

com

pens

atio

n,

c)ac

hrom

atic

be

nd

with

de

lay

com

pens

atio

n.

41

Con

serv

atio

n of

mic

robu

nchi

ngin

the

isoc

hron

ous

bend

42

Gen

eral

sch

eme

and

prin

cipl

es o

f ope

ratio

n of

ring

FEL

The

beam

mic

robu

nchi

ngis

par

tly c

onse

rved

in

the

isoc

hron

ous

bend

43Si

gnal

from

the

old

bunc

h to

the

fres

h on

e is

tran

sfer

red

by

radi

atio

n

44

quad

rupo

les

sext

upol

es

bend

ing

mag

nets

Typi

cal l

attic

e of

sho

rt is

ochr

onou

s be

nd

Sec

ond

orde

r abe

rrat

ions

are

com

pens

ated

by

sext

upol

es

Latti

ce o

f iso

chro

nous

ben

ds

45

Rin

g FE

L re

quire

s E

RL

as a

sou

rce

of e

lect

ron

beam

s, a

s th

e av

erag

e be

am p

ower

can

be

very

hig

h.

46

Poss

ible

layo

ut o

f the

infr

ared

ring

FEL

47

Nov

osib

irsk

high

pow

er T

Hz

FEL

48

Ene

rgy

reco

very

•de

crea

ses r

adia

tion

haza

rd a

nd•

mak

es p

ossi

ble

oper

atio

n at

hig

h av

erag

e cu

rren

t.

Ele

ctro

n ef

ficie

ncy

of F

EL

is r

athe

r lo

w (~

1%),

ther

efor

e en

ergy

rec

over

y is

nec

essa

ry f

or a

hig

h po

wer

FE

L.

49

Ener

gy re

cove

ry li

nacs

(ER

Ls)

with

the

sam

e-ca

vity

ene

rgy

reco

very

RF

AC

CE

LER

ATO

R

INJE

CTO

R

BE

AM

DU

MP

US

ER

DE

VIC

E

a

bIN

JEC

TOR

RF

AC

CE

LER

ATO

R

US

ER

DE

VIC

E

BE

AM

DU

MP

Prob

lem

s: a

–co

llidi

ng b

eam

s, b

–fo

cusi

ng o

f tw

o be

ams

with

diff

eren

t ene

rgie

s in

the

RF

acce

lera

tor.

50

3 ER

Lsar

e in

ope

ratio

n no

w. A

ll th

ey w

orks

for F

ELs.

Jeffe

rson

Lab

. (U

SA)

and

JAER

I (J

apan

) ER

Lsus

e su

perc

ondu

ctin

g R

F.

Nov

osib

irsk

ERL

uses

nor

mal

-con

duct

ing

RF.

It

is t

he

only

one

with

tw

o or

bits

(tw

o ac

cele

ratio

ns a

nd t

wo

dece

lera

tions

).

ERLs

for F

ELs

51

Ene

rgy

80 to

160

MeV

Ave

. Cur

rent

9.1

mA

Cha

rge

1

50 p

CT

rans

vers

e E

mitt

ance

<

8 m

m-m

rad

Ene

rgy

Spre

ad

0.3

%B

unch

leng

th

0.35

ps F

WH

M

Lon

gitu

dina

l Em

ittan

ce <

80 k

V-p

s

52

Sibe

rian

cen

ter

of p

hot

och

emic

al r

esea

rch

53

Firs

t st

age:

subm

illim

eter

(TH

z) F

EL GU

NRF

cavi

ties

Undula

tors

Dum

p

Mirro

rM

irro

r Ele

ctro

nbe

amfro

mth

egu

npa

sses

thro

ugh

the

bunc

hing

RF

cavi

ty,

drift

sect

ion,

tw

o ac

cele

ratin

gca

vitie

s,th

e m

ain

acce

lera

ting

stru

ctur

ean

dth

eun

dula

tor,

whe

rea

fract

ion

ofits

ener

gyis

conv

erte

dto

radi

atio

n.

Afte

rth

at, t

hebe

amre

turn

sto

the

mai

nac

cele

ratin

gst

ruct

ure

ina

dece

lera

ting

RF

phas

e, d

ecre

ases

itsen

ergy

toits

inje

ctio

nva

lue

(2 M

eV)

and

isab

sorb

edin

the

beam

dum

p.

54

Layo

utof

the

optic

al re

sona

tor

8 m

m

26.6

m

3.5

mm

76 m

m8.

6 m

R 1

5 m

R 1

5 m

Bea

mlin

e

55

TH

z FE

L (o

ld)

56

Free

Ele

ctro

n L

aser

(old

) Pa

ram

eter

s

♦W

avel

engt

h, m

m

0.

12-0

.24

♦Pu

lse

dura

tion,

FW

HM

, ps

~

50

♦Pu

lse

ener

gy, m

J

0.04

♦Rep

etiti

on r

ate,

MH

z

11.2

♦Av

erag

e po

wer

, kW

0.5

♦Pe

ak p

ower

, MW

1

♦M

inim

um r

elat

ive

linew

idth

, FW

HM

3⋅10

-3

57

Nov

osib

irsk

Nov

osib

irsk

FEL

(1FE

L (1

ststst

age

stag

e ))an

d ra

diat

ion

pow

er ti

me

and

radi

atio

n po

wer

tim

e --de

pend

ence

depe

nden

ce

58

Lasi

ng (

1)

Lasi

ng (

4)

Lasi

ng (

2)

Third

and

fou

rth

trac

ks w

ith I

R

Third

and

fou

rth

trac

ks w

ith I

R

FEL

(und

er c

onst

ruct

ion)

FEL

(und

er c

onst

ruct

ion)

Sing

le t

rack

in v

ertic

al p

lane

with

Sing

le t

rack

in v

ertic

al p

lane

with

the

THz

FEL

(in o

pera

tion)

the

THz

FEL

(in o

pera

tion)

Com

mon

acc

eler

atin

g RF

Com

mon

acc

eler

atin

g RF

stru

ctur

est

ruct

ure

58

Firs

t an

d se

cond

hor

izon

tal

Firs

t an

d se

cond

hor

izon

tal

trac

ks w

ith s

econ

d FE

L at

tr

acks

with

sec

ond

FEL

at

bypa

ssby

pass

(in o

pera

tion)

(in o

pera

tion)N

ovos

ibirs

k ER

L w

ith 3

FEL

sN

ovos

ibirs

k ER

L w

ith 3

FEL

s

59

2-nd

sta

ge N

ovos

ibirs

k FE

L (in

hor

izon

tal p

lane

)

30 –

120

µm

5 –

30 µ

m

RF

Cav

ities

60

New

opt

ical

cav

ity

New

und

ulat

or

Old

TH

z FE

L

RF

cavi

ties

61

Layo

ut o

f te

rahe

rtz

FEL

and

user

sta

tions

8253x725=21752090

700 1175 1450

1100

900

900

1100

7171

900

1100

2000

280

%%

c110

100

3000 1175 700

71

2000 %%

c180

235

71

1100

2100

L}5

L}4L}

3

@R@

F@G0

AM@S0

0@R@

F@DR

0@R@

F@GS

@R

@R@

F@G3

@R@

F@G2

@R@

F@G1

@R@

F@G5

@R@

F@G4

@L@

VR@

S0@

L@VR

@S1

@L@

VR@

S2@

L@VR

@S4

@L@

VR@

S6

1@R@

F@DR

AM@S2

SP-1

11

0@R@

FS@

R1

2@R@

F@DR

SP-111A

ЩПР

1-3

IST-

2IS

T-1

}S-0

1200

1300

Pol s

ohran

it[

1150

5450

+15 1150

725

625

680

990 2577

2880

3210

349

1250

800

615

615

kran-b

alki

Zona

OU-5

OU-5

OU-5

User

Sta

tions

(gro

und

and

first

floor

s)Ac

celer

ator

-recu

pera

tor a

nd

Tera

hertz

free

elec

tron

laser

(bas

emen

t leve

l)

RF g

ener

ator

syste

m(g

roun

d flo

or)

Cont

rol r

oom

(gro

und

floor

)Be

amlin

es fo

r ra

diatio

n tra

nspo

rt

BG1st

120

m

6220

0520

06

63

Hig

h av

erag

e po

wer

of

radi

atio

n (u

p t

o 50

0 W

) H

igh

aver

age

pow

er o

f ra

diat

ion

(up

to

500

W)

in c

ombi

natio

n w

ith h

igh

peak

pow

er (

up t

o 1

MW

) in

com

bina

tion

with

hig

h pe

ak p

ower

(up

to

1 M

W)

enab

les

perf

orm

ing

high

pow

er d

ensi

ty e

xper

imen

tsen

able

s pe

rfor

min

g hi

gh p

ower

den

sity

exp

erim

ents

Lase

r bea

m fo

cuse

d in

the

atm

osph

ere

with

a p

arab

olic

mirr

or (f

=1.0

cm

) ig

nite

s a

cont

inuo

us o

ptic

al d

isch

arge

. U

nfoc

used

lase

r bea

m d

rills

an

open

ing

in 5

0-m

m o

rgan

ic g

lass

sla

b w

ithin

th

ree

min

utes

(abl

atio

n w

ithou

t bur

ning

).Th

ese

feno

men

aca

n be

use

d fo

r man

y fu

ndam

enta

l and

app

lied

expe

rimen

ts (p

lasm

a ph

ysic

s, a

erod

ynam

ics,

che

mis

try, m

ater

ial p

roce

ssin

g an

d m

odifi

catio

n, b

iolo

gy…

)

fe

d

cb

a

Con

tinuo

us o

ptic

al d

isch

arge

64

THz

imag

ing

with

an

IR t

herm

ogra

ph

Infra

red

imag

e

Conv

erte

r

Tera

hertz

imag

e

THz

beam

IR-s

ensi

tive

arra

y

IR le

ns

(con

vers

ion

of

radi

atio

n to

3

m)

130

mµ

µ

Con

verte

r of T

Hz

radi

atio

n is

a c

arbo

n pa

per

Tim

e re

solu

tion

is li

mite

d by

ther

mal

rela

xatio

n tim

e (a

bout

1 s

ec fo

r thi

s sc

reen

) C

onve

rters

with

fast

rela

xatio

n tim

e ar

e un

der c

onsi

dera

tion

65TH

z la

ser b

eam

cro

ss-s

ectio

n at

the

beam

line

outp

ut (1

3 m

eter

s fro

m th

e la

ser)

10 c

m

17 cmK

eys

in a

n op

aque

pap

er e

nvel

ope

Imag

e of

6-m

m h

oles

dril

led

in a

met

al p

late

(“FE

L B

INP

”let

ters

)

Diff

ract

ion

patte

rn p

rodu

ced

by tw

o ci

rcul

arap

ertu

res

(d=6

mm

, ∆=1

4 m

m)

10 c

mA

t a d

ista

nce

of 1

08 c

m

17 cm

Liqu

id n

itrog

en c

oole

d 12

4x12

4 th

erm

al r

ecor

der

Liqu

id n

itrog

en c

oole

d 12

4x12

4 th

erm

al r

ecor

der

66

Use

rU

ser

stat

ions

stat

ions

at

at N

ovoF

ELN

ovoF

EL

Intr

osco

pyan

d sp

ectr

osco

pyGas

dyn

amic

s

Met

rolo

gyM

olec

ular

spec

tros

copy

Bio

logy

67

Abl

atio

n of

sto

ne

68

Res

ult o

f Tre

atm

ent o

f Mar

ble

by T

Hz

Rad

iatio

n

69

•Up

to 5

00 W

of

aver

age

pow

er a

t 11

0 –

240

and

40 -

80 m

icro

n w

avel

engt

h ra

nge

is

avai

labl

e fo

r us

ers.

Li

new

idth

is

less

th

an

1%,

max

imum

pea

k po

wer

is a

bout

1 M

W.

•Six

user

sta

tions

are

in o

pera

tion.

•We

are

look

ing

for

mor

e us

ers

for

this

uni

que

radi

atiio

n.

Stat

usSt

atus

70

Com

pact

13.

5C

ompa

ct 1

3.5 --

nm fr

eenm

free

-- ele

ctro

n la

ser f

or e

xtre

me

ultr

avio

let l

ithog

raph

yel

ectr

on la

ser f

or e

xtre

me

ultr

avio

let l

ithog

raph

yY

. Y

. Soc

olS

ocol

, G. N

. , G

. N. K

ulip

anov

Kul

ipan

ov, A

. N.

, A. N

. Mat

veen

koM

atve

enko

, O. A

. , O

. A. S

hevc

henk

oS

hevc

henk

oan

d N

. A.

and

N. A

. V

inok

urov

Vin

okur

ov, F

EL1

0, F

EL1

0

Und

ulat

or

40 m

Inje

ctor

RF2

AB

AB

Boo

ster

Dum

p

RF1

With

10

With

10

-- T

supe

rcon

duct

ing

mag

net

it m

ay

be

used

to

T

supe

rcon

duct

ing

mag

net

it m

ay

be

used

to

ge

nera

te 2

0ge

nera

te 2

0 --fs

fs

per

iodi

cpe

riod

icxx --

ray

puls

es,

whi

ch a

re n

eces

sary

ra

y pu

lses

, w

hich

are

nec

essa

ry

for

time

for

time --

reso

lved

ex

perim

ents

, w

hich

us

e re

solv

ed

expe

rimen

ts,

whi

ch

use

fem

tosl

icin

gfe

mto

slic

ing

tech

niqu

e at

sto

rage

rin

gs n

ow.

But,

the

num

ber

of u

sefu

l te

chni

que

at s

tora

ge r

ings

now

. Bu

t, t

he n

umbe

r of

use

ful

phot

ons

is t

hous

ands

tim

es m

ore.

ph

oton

s is

tho

usan

ds t

imes

mor

e.

71

Poss

ible

use

of

FEL

for

gam

ma

Poss

ible

use

of

FEL

for

gam

ma --

prod

uctio

n (f

or

prod

uctio

n (f

or

ILC

and

nucl

ear

phys

ics)

ILC

and

nucl

ear

phys

ics)

200

MeV

ER

L w

ith F

EL

1.5

GeV

ER

L w

ith C

ompt

on c

avity

Gam

ma

quan

ta