free and open source software in governance
TRANSCRIPT
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Free/Open Source Software in Governance:
Advocating for Open Standards,Open Software, and Open Content
Alvin B. Marcelo, MD
ASEAN+3
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Outline
• What is free/open source software?– Open software– Open standards– Open content
• What are the benefits of FOSS in governance• Case studies• Resources
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What is FOSS?
• Stands for Free/Open Source Software• Means different things to different people
– a philosophy– a guide– a methodology (a way of doing things)
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FOSS Philosophy
• If there is open access to software, it evolves and becomes better.
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FOSS Methodology
• Allowing programmers to share their work without restrictions, results in:– Reduced duplication of effort– Building upon the work of others– Better quality control – Reduced maintenance costs
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Examples of FOSS
• GNU/Linux - operating system• OpenOffice - a collection of word processor,
spreadsheet, presentation, database applications
• MySQL - a database management system• PHP - a programming language that can be
used to create other computer programs
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FOSS 4 Principles*
• 1. The freedom to run a program, for any purpose;
http://www.fsf.org
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FOSS 4 Principles
• 2. The freedom to study how a program works and adapt it to a person’s needs. Access to the source code is a precondition for this;
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FOSS 4 Principles
• 3. The freedom to redistribute copies so that you can help your neighbour; and
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FOSS 4 Principles
• 4. The freedom to improve a program and release your improvements to the public, so that the whole community benefits. Access to the source code is a precondition for this
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FOSS in Governance
• May range from simply the use of software to standards and to content– Open Standards– Open Software – Open Content
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Open Standards
• An accessible set of specifications that are freely implementable by stakeholders
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Open Content
• any kind of creative work including articles, pictures, audio, and video that is published in a format that explicitly allows the copying of the information
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Benefits
• Economic• Flexibility• Legality
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Economics
• FOSS have no licensing fees• Tools are freely available by download
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Flexibility and Control
• You may modify software to fit your needs– instead of changing your workflow to fit the
software– without infringing on anyone’s copyright
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Legality
• Complies with international laws– modifying FOSS is legal– distributing FOSS is legal
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Case Studies
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Community Health Information Tracking System
• An open source software for local health centers in the Philippines
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Munich
• ¡°The local government in the German city has transferred 100 staff members in the Lord Mayor's department to a Debianconfiguration, and it intends to migrate 80 percent of the city's PCs by mid-2009.¡±
http://www.zdnetasia.com/news/software/0,39044164,61955167,00.htm
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Brazil
• Shifts to the Linux operating system and OpenOffice
• "The number one reason for this change is economic," says Sergio Amadeu, who runs
Information Technology.
http://lists.apdip.net/pipermail/foss-pdi/2005-June/000220.html
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Malaysia
• The Malaysian Government Interoperability Framework (MyGIF)[13] defines the minimum set of IT standards and technical specifications for use in government ministries, agencies and departments.
http://www.mampu.gov.my/mampu/bm/program/ICT/ISPlan/ispdoc/Interoperability_Framework.pdf
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Chile
• Chilean government requires the use of XML (extensible markup language) in the formatting of documents by 2009.
http://www.dcc.uchile.cl/~cfuenzal/recursos/chileXML.pdf
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Summary
• Interest in FOSS is increasing in many countries.
• In addition to open software, FOSS also includes discussions on open standards and open content.
• FOSS is an economic (affordable), flexible, and legal option for governance.