francisco de goya y lucientes 1746-1828. goya created about 500 oil paintings 280 lithographs and...
TRANSCRIPT
Francisco de Goya y Lucientes 1746-1828
Goya created
• About 500 oil paintings
• 280 lithographs and etchings (and he used the most modern methods)
• Nearly a thousand drawings
His life can be divided into four stages:
• Until 1793 – slow rise to maturity
• 1793 – illness that left him deaf and released pent up creative forces within him
• 1808 – Napoleonic invasion and Goya’s responses to the war.
• 1819 – a second illness, he retires to the Quinta del Sordo, the Black Paintings
First Stage: Tapestry Cartoons
• Produced for the Royal Tapestry Factory (Charles III)
• Rococo tendencies in nature and pose of figures
• Girl seems to stare at spectator, giving a sense of realism
• Clothing implies social class
• Relationship between the two?
• Parasol?
• General impression?
Blind Man´s Bluff --1789
Etchings after Velázquez
Las meninas 1773
Saint Francis of Borgia at the Deathbed of an Impenitent -- 1788
• “The most sharply accurate vision of the collapse of the great religious and monarchic traditions of the West”
• Turning point: first use of the fantastic
• Emphasis on sinner’s naked body, expression
• Restless agony vs. pious zeal
• Rejection of idealized concept of expression (Neoclassicism)
• Emphasis on extremes
Portraits
• Rich clothing
• All the insignias of royalty, powdered wig
• Face? Impression?
• Critique?
Charles IV -- 1789
Queen María Luisa -- 1789
• Rich royal clothing• Royal insignias• Hair and hat?• Face?• Personality?• Attitude of Goya
towards her?
The Straw Mannequin -- 1791
Second Stage, after losing his hearing
• Yard of lunatics – 1793• Images of madness• Enclosure• Continuation of tendency
begun with Saint Francis of Borgia
• Alienation and despair• Movement• Use of light• Chaotic jumble of bodies
The Caprichos (Caprices) 1799
• Series of 82 etchings• Satirizing all aspects of
society:– Aristocracy– Church– Greed– Prostitution– Marriage– Folly – Cruelty– Etc.
Descendant of donkeys
Love and Death
Caprice 43
•Marks a change in the series
•The Sleep/Dream of Reason Produces Monsters
•Neoclassical or Romantic?
•The sublime
•Nightmare visions
1808 – 1814 Napoleon and the War of Independence
The 3rd of May, 1808
The 3rd of May, 1808
• Conformity of soldiers, power conveyed by abstract shape
• Victims cover their eyes, pray
• Center: man with outstretched arms = crucifixion
• Concentration of light, color on man
The disasters of the war
•Set of 82 etchings
•Realities of war:
•Violence
•Savagery
•Rape
•murder
The Colossus – between 1808-1812
• Ambiguity of giant– Ignorant, arrogant prince?
(Ferdinand VII)• Mountains= the powerful
• Donkey=nobility
– Hercules who rises up against Napoleon?
– Buried to above the knees
– Back to spectator
– Closed eyes
Ferdinand VII
• El deseado (1814)
• Period of absolutism (1814-1820), persecution of liberals
• 1820-1823 constitutional monarchy (Intervention of 100,000 Sons of Saint Louis)
• 1823-1833 Ominous Decade
Disparates or Proverbs (1816-1823)
• Not published until 1864
• Last great series of etchings
• Gives himself up to the irrational, nocturnal, fantastic, grotesque and terrifying Disparate del miedo [fear}
Los ensacados [In sacks]
The Inquisition -- 1816
Black Paintings– 1820-1823
The witches’ Sabbath
Dog on a leash or Dog fighting against
the current
Fight with Cudgels
Stephen Mark
The Milkmaid from Bordeaux
• Goya in exile in Bordeaux
• Girl has a melancholy, dreamy, far away gaze
• Color: greens and blues
• Influence on Impressionists