Francis Turbine

Name of GroupPRESENTED TOPROJECT TITLE : FRANCIS TURBINE

RESPECTED SIR ENGG.SHARFUDDIN

HYDROLOGISTS

GROUP MEMEBERS Sabir Baloch ( Group Leader )Khadim HussainMohammad AsimMuzamil AneesMajid HussainIsrar AhmedAmjid KhanAsif BalochMamtaz Ahmed Atesham ul Haq

A turbine is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from fluid flow and convert it into useful work. Francis turbine was developed by James B. Francis.

Francis turbines are the most common water turbine in use today .

Water enters the turbine through the outer periphery of the runner in the radial direction and leaves the runner in the axial direction.Francis turbine is also called as mixed flow turbine ( radial flow + axial flow )

INTRODUCTION

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FANCIS TURBINES

BASICS TYPES OF TURBINE

Only Kinetic Energy of water is used to drive turbine .Eg. Pelton Turbine Kinetic Energy as well as pressure energy of water is used to drive turbine .Eg. Francis Turbine

Impulse TurbineReaction TurbinePower is obtained only due to the impulsive force of the incoming steamPower is obtained due to impulsive force of incoming steam as well as reaction of exit steamSuitable for small capacity of power generation & occupies less space per unit powerSuitable for medium & high capacity power generation and occupies more space per unit powerEfficiency is lesserEfficiency is higherCompounding is necessary to reduce speedCompounding is not necessary

Depending upon the direction of flow through the runner, following types of turbines are

a) Tangential flow turbinesb) Radial flow turbinesc) Axial flow turbinesd) Mixed flow turbines Classification of turbinesBased on direction of flow of water in the runner

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Spiral casing : It constitutes a closed passage whose cross-section area gradually decreases along the flow direction, area is maximum at inlet and zero at exit. Runner: Absorbs the energy from the water and converts it to rotational motion of the main shaft.

Bottom Ring: provide drainage space.

Shaft Seal: Prevent water leakage between main shaft and head cover.

Spiral Case: provides encased water path to contain the water pressure

Runner Blade :: Absorbs the energy from the water and converts it to rotational motion of the main shaft.Draft Tube :: It is a gradually expanding tube which discharges water, passing through runner, to the tail race.

The water is entered by the guide blades into the revolving turbine or wheel, the water while gliding over the blades exerts some force on the revolving wheel ,to which the vanes are fixed.this force causes the revolving wheel to revolve.

Hydraulic efficiency of Francis Hydraulic System

Part-flow efficiency of small hydraulic turbines

Cross-flowPeltonKaplanFrancisPropeller0.00.20.40.60.81.01.00.80.60.40.20.0

Flow rate as proportion of design flow rate

Maximum and minimum turbine flow rates to be decided based on turbine size and efficiency curve.

INSTALLATION OF FRANCIS TURBINE

Inside a Hydropower Plant

FRANCIS TURBINE IN A DAM

Francis Turbine Power Plant : A Continuous Hydraulic System

It is mostly used turbine all over the world as its efficiency is greater than all other turbines.

There is an effective use of water pressure and velocity.

It is now an American Standard Turbine.

Its efficiency is nearly 94% when used to the Everest.

Its cost is very high.Its operation is simple but the design is very complex.Large number of moving parts are present.Its maintenance and repair is difficult task and expensive too.It is applicable to medium head levels only.

How Can We Make It Economical

We use New types of designs to reduce the cost and complexity of mechanism.

Modified turbine include lnline Link less Francis turbine, Cross flow turbine

These new turbine require less space, simplified designed , less moving parts, etc.

Home made Turbine

We Aim That