France’s North American Empire

Sept 16 Quiz

■ Edmund Morgan refers to the Articles of Confederation period of American history as “The Critical Period.” Write a paragraph that identifies some of the achievements that the American government enjoyed under the Articles of Confederation (1781-1789).

France’s North American Empire

■ Why were the French in North America?■ Sparse settlements■ Depends upon Native alliances

■ South- Choctaw Indians■ North- Ohio River Valley (Iroquois) Tribes

■ Poor communication■ Fortification

■ Pittsburgh, Louisville, Cincinnati

France and England at War

■ 1689-1763- Period of constant warfare■ Virginia expansion■ Treaty of Lancaster (1744)■ Lt. Col. George Washington (1754)

■ Fort Duquesne ■ Battle of Jumonville Glen■ Battle of Fort Necessity

France and England at War

■ Albany Plan of Union■ Coordinate colonial defense■ Levy taxes■ Regulate Indian affairs■ Many colonies rejected plan

■ Consequences of failed plan of union

The French and Indian War

■ a.k.a. Seven Years War, War for Empire■ Distinctions of this war:

■ First “world war”■ North America, Europe, Caribbean, Africa, India, and

the Philippine Islands■ First major war fought in North America■ Unprecedented size and expense■ Decisive outcome

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZJv86RpLsVQ

Last of the Mohicans, James Fenimore Cooper

The French and Indian War: Phase One

■ 1754-1758■ French advantage

■ Guerilla warfare■ Native allies■ Isolated English settlements■ War of extermination

■ British response■ Gen. Edward Braddock

■ Fort Duquesne (1755)

French and Indian War: Phase One

■ England blames colonists for military setbacks■ Gen. Lord Loudoun

■ Colonial resentment and animosity builds■ William Pitt (turning point of the war)

■ England’s Chief Colonial Minister■ Reduced British control over colonial militia■ Placed colonists in leadership positions■ Invested British treasury ■ Sent thousands of additional troops

French and Indian War: Phase Two

■ 1758-1760■ French reign in guerrilla warfare■ Force Indians to fight like Europeans■ Many tribes switch allegiances

■ Iroquois■ Battle of the Plains of Abraham (Quebec)

■ Sept. 13, 1759■ Battle of Quiberon Bay (Nov. 1759)■ Fall of Montreal (1760)

■ New France surrenders

French and Indian War’s Significance

■ England dominant N. American power■ American colonists resent British control■ War bankrupts British treasury

■ Sugar Act, Stamp Act, Townshend

Revenue Act■ Proclamation Line of 1763

■ A major cause of the American Revolution