8/18/2019 Fracture Radial

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 A fracture of the distal radius or ulna (wrist fracture) is a break in one or two bones of thedistal forearm near where they form part of the wrist joint. The radius is the bone located onthe thumb side of the forearm, and the ulna is the bone located on the side of the small finger.

Such fractures usually involve not only the ends of the bone but also injury to the many smallligaments in the wrist. This may further decrease stability of the wrist joint and create

problems with functioning of the wrist and hand.

This type of injury most often results from a fall with the hand etended during landing.!ractures of the distal radius and ulna are described by their location and position, foreample, angulated or displaced. A displaced fracture is one in which the bone has shifted itsposition. An angulated fracture results in abnormal alignment of the hand on the end of theforearm. !ractures also may be comminuted or broken into many pieces. "n cases in whichthe force of the impact drives the bone fragments through the skin, or in which the skin is tornaway from the area eposing the bone and surrounding tissues, the fracture is referred to asan open fracture. "f the skin remains intact, the fracture is a closed fracture

#ommon descriptive names of distal radius or ulnar fractures include #olles, Smith, and$arton fractures. A #olles fracture describes a break across the ends of both the radius and

ulna, which results in a backward and outward position of the hand relative to the wrist(hyperetension injury). #olles fracture is the most common wrist fracture (%oynak). &f alldistal radius fractures, ' are associated with a fracture of the ulnar styloid process, andapproimately ' of ulnar styloid fractures are accompanied by a fracture of the ulnar neck(%oynak). A Smith*s fracture describes an injury in which the end of the radius headsdownward toward the palm (hyperfleion injury). This fracture is sometimes called a reverse#olles. A $arton*s fracture involves the upper (dorsal) edge of the radius and the joint surface,and is associated with partial displacement (subluation) of the wrist with carpal bonedisplacement. A %utchinson fracture, sometimes called a +chauffeur*s+ or backfire- fracture,refers to an isolated fracture of the radial styloid process, usually caused by a direct trauma tothe radial side of the wrist.

Risk: ost wrist fractures occur in older postmenopausal women, with a female to male ratio of /01.

(2ichards). A personal and family history for osteoporosis or fractures also increases the risk. "ndividuals

who smoke have an increased risk of wrist fractures due to the associated low bone mineral density.

 Among children and adolescents active in sports, an earlier incidence peak of wrist fracture occurs

between the ages of 3 and 1/ years. 4ith sufficient trauma, any individual can have this fracture.

(2ichards)

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