fracture mechanics -calculations - aalborg universitethomes.civil.aau.dk/lda/advanced structural...
TRANSCRIPT
Fracture Mechanics - Calculations
• Theory for calculations of severity of crack.
• FEM – J integrals for plane problems.
• Special Finite Elements + video of crack process
• FEM – J integrals for 3-D problems.
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Conclusion of continuum exercise
• At sharp edges there is a stress singularity
• The stresses go to infinity
• The strain energy density is limited
• The magnitude of the stress singularity determines the strain energy density or the stress intensity factor K
• Stress intensity factors should not be confused with stress concentration factors.
2
Mode I - Opening mode
Stresses depend on inverse of squareroot of r - singularity
Singularity dominates at the crack tip - C11 depends on external load
Symmetric solution.
5
Mode II - Shearing mode
Stresses depend on inverse of squareroot of r - singularity
Singularity dominates at the crack tip - C21 depends on external load
Antimetric solution.
6
Structure without crack + stresses on crack
Crack is closed and stresses will be finite.
The stresses on the crack is easily calculated (FEM – hand calculation)
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Singular part - Infinite stresses
The infinite stress state around the crack can be found by
Analytically solution for a crack in an infinite plate subjected to
- 2 opposite point forces (normal or shear direction)
Integration of analytically solution
In this way many analytical or semianalytical solutions have been found.
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J - integral
The J – integral is a very effective way of calculating the energy associated with the singularity.
• Numerical stable.
• Independent of material (can be plasticity).
• Easily programmed in a finite element context .
• Basically postprocessing of a Finite Element model with the crack modelled.
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Idea of J - integral
J Integral around a closed curve without singularities can be shown to be 0.
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Definition of J-integral
J-integral is a contour integral of the strain energy (w) – the stresses timesdisplacement gradients.
14
Reformulation of solution in Cartesian coordinates
The solution on the boundaries are simple.
Depends on plane stress and plane strain. (kappa value)
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Physical interpretation
• Formulate the polar solution from Mode I in cartesian coordinates
• Insert the Mode I solution
• Calculation of strain energy, stresse and displacement gradients are relative easy.
• Integration around a contour gives
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Mode II and Mode III
• Solutions for Mode II in-plane shearing can be solved in a similar way
• Solutions for Mode III out-of-plane is a little more complicated
• Results depend on plane stress/plane strain (beta)
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Crack driving force
The crack driving force should for stable cracks be less than the material parameter fracture thoughness
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J-integral in Ansys Plane Problem
By Søren Heide Lambertsen, Ph.D. student, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalborg University
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Special elements - Improved convergence, accuracy
• Isoparametric elements with midside node in the quarter point contain strains with inverse squareroot singularity.
• Should only be used near crack tips.
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Triangular, isoparametric elements around crack
Source: Cook et al., ”Concepts and Applications of Finite Element Analysis”,Wiley.
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