fractions & indices. rule 1 : multiplication of indices. a n x a m = a n + m rule 3 : for...
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Fractions & Indices.
34
3
)(12
42
d
dd
)()(
)()(43
4325
rr
rr
23 23 )))(27(( w
Rule 1 : Multiplication of Indices.
a n x a m = a n + m
Rule 3 : For negative indices:.
a - mma
1
Rule 2 : Division of Indices.
a n a m = a n - m
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Revision.
The next two slides are a revision of the basic rules of Index Numbers. If they are not familiar to you , then you require to go over the “Rules Of Indices” PowerPoint presentation again.
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Summary Of The Rules Of Indices.Rule 1 : Multiplication of Indices.
a n x a m = a n + m
Rule 2 : Division of Indices.
a n a m = a n - m
Rule 3 : For negative indices:.
a - m
ma
1
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Rule 4 : For Powers Of Index Numbers.
( a m ) n = a m n
Rule 5 : For indices which are fractions.
nn aa 1
(The nth root of “a” )
Rule 6 : For indices which are fractions.
(The nth root of “a” to the power of m)
mnn
m
aa )(
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Applying The Rules With Fractions.
We are now going to look at the rules of indices again but use them with fractions that are obtained from the roots of numbers.
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MultiplicationExample 1.
Simplify:3 aa
Solution.3 aa •Change the roots to powers.
3
1
2
1
aa • Select the appropriate rule of indices.
Rule 1 : Multiplication of Indices.
a n x a m = a n + m
•Add the fractions.
6
5
6
23
3
1
2
1
6
5
a56 )( a
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Example 2.
Simplify:3543 )()( aa
Solution.
•Change the roots to powers.3543 )()( aa
5
3
3
4
aa • Select the appropriate rule of indices.
Rule 1 : Multiplication of Indices.
a n x a m = a n + m
•Add the fractions.
15
29
15
920
5
3
3
4
15
29
a2915 )( a
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Division.Example 1.
Simplify:
3 gg Solution.
•Change the roots to powers.3 gg
3
1
2
1
gg • Select the appropriate rule of indices.
Rule 2 : Division of Indices.
a n a m = a n - m
•Subtract the fractions.
6
1
6
23
3
1
2
1
6
1
g6 g
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Example 2.
Simplify:2534 )()( dd
Solution.2534 )()( dd •Change the roots to powers.
5
2
4
3
dd • Select the appropriate rule of indices.
Rule 2 : Division of Indices.
a n a m = a n - m
•Subtract the fractions.
20
7
20
815
5
2
4
3
20
7
d720 )( d
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Multiplication & DivisionExample 1.
Simplify:
23 )( a
aa
Solution.
23 )( a
aa
•Change the roots to powers.
3
2
2
1
a
aa
• Select the appropriate rule of indices.
Rule 1 : Multiplication of Indices.
a n x a m = a n + m
Rule 2 : Division of Indices.
a n a m = a n - m
•Calculate the fractions.
2
3
2
11
6
5
6
49
3
2
2
3
6
5
a 56 )( a
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Example 2.Simplify:
)()(
)()(43
4325
rr
rr
Solution.
)()(
)()(43
4325
rr
rr
•Change the roots to powers.
4
1
2
3
3
4
5
2
rr
rr
• Select the appropriate rule of indices.
Rule 1 : Multiplication of Indices.
a n x a m = a n + m
Rule 2 : Division of Indices.
a n a m = a n - m
•Calculate the fractions.
15
26
15
206
3
4
5
2
4
7
4
1
4
6
4
1
2
3
60
1
60
105104
4
7
15
26
60
1
rRule 3 : For negative indices:.
a - mma
160
60
1
11
rr
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Example 3.Simplify:
34
3
)(12
42
d
dd
Solution.
34
3
)(12
42
d
dd
4
3
3
1
2
1
12
42
d
dd
4
3
3
1
2
1
12
8
d
dd
4
3
6
5
12
8
d
d
3
2 4
3
6
5
d
3
2 12
1
d
3
)(2 12 d
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Example 4.Simplify:
kk
kk
3)(4
2)(53
334
Solution.
kk
kk
3)(4
2)(53
334
2
1
3
1
34
3
12
10
k
k
6
5
4
15
6
5
k
k
6
5 6
5
4
15
k
6
5 12
1045
k
6
5 12
35
k
6
)(5 3512 k
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Power To The Power.Example 1.Simplify:
)4( 3
2
a
Solution.
)4( 3
2
a
•Change the roots to powers.
2
1
3
2
)4( a
• Select the appropriate rule of indices.
Rule 4 : For Powers Of Index Numbers.
( a m ) n = a m n
2
1
3
2
2
1
)()4( a
•Multiply the fractions.
3
1
6
2
23
12
2
1
3
2
3
1
2a32 a
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Example 1.Simplify:
23 23 )))(27(( wSolution.
23 23 )))(27(( w
•Change the roots to powers.
3
2
3
2
)27( w
• Select the appropriate rule of indices.
Rule 4 : For Powers Of Index Numbers.
( a m ) n = a m n
)()27( 3
2
3
2
3
2
w
•Multiply the fractions.
9
4
3
2
3
2
9
4
9w49 )(9 w
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What Goes In The Box ?Simplify the expressions below :
34 43 aa (1) (2) )(5)(10 33 aa
(3)42
23
62
)(43
aa
aa
712 )(12 a76 )(2 a
12 13
1
a
(4) 33 4 )(27 a
43 a