FourthNa*onalClimateAssessment,VolII—Impacts,Risks,andAdapta*onintheUnitedStatesnca2018.globalchange.gov 1

FourthNa*onalClimateAssessment,VolII—Impacts,Risks,andAdapta*onintheUnitedStates

KylePowysWhyte(Potawatomi)

MichiganStateUniversity

Chapter15|TribesandIndigenousPeoples

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Key Message #1 15

Ch.15|TribesandIndigenousPeoples

ClimatechangethreatensIndigenouspeoples’livelihoodsandeconomies,includingagriculture,hun*ngandgathering,fishing,forestry,energy,recrea*on,andtourismenterprises.Indigenouspeoples’economiesrelyon,butfaceins*tu*onalbarriersto,theirself-determinedmanagementofwater,land,othernaturalresources,andinfrastructurethatwillbeimpactedincreasinglybychangesinclimate.

IndigenousLivelihoodsandEconomiesatRisk

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Key Message #2 15

Ch.15|TribesandIndigenousPeoples

Indigenoushealthisbasedoninterconnectedsocialandecologicalsystemsthatarebeingdisruptedbyachangingclimate.Asthesechangescon*nue,thehealthofindividualsandcommuni*eswillbeuniquelychallengedbyclimateimpactstolands,waters,foods,andotherplantandanimalspecies.Theseimpactsthreatensites,prac*ces,andrela*onshipswithcultural,spiritual,orceremonialimportancethatarefounda*onaltoIndigenouspeoples’culturalheritages,iden**es,andphysicalandmentalhealth.

Physical,Mental,andIndigenousValues-BasedHealthatRisk

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Key Message #3 15

Ch.15|TribesandIndigenousPeoples

ManyIndigenouspeopleshavebeenproac*velyiden*fyingandaddressingclimateimpacts;however,ins*tu*onalbarriersexistintheUnitedStatesthatseverelylimittheiradap*vecapaci*es.Thesebarriersincludelimitedaccesstotradi*onalterritoryandresourcesandthelimita*onsofexis*ngpolicies,programs,andfundingmechanismsinaccoun*ngfortheuniquecondi*onsofIndigenouscommuni*es.Successfuladapta*oninIndigenouscontextsreliesonuseofIndigenousknowledge,resilientandrobustsocialsystemsandprotocols,acommitmenttoprinciplesofself-determina*on,andproac*veeffortsonthepartoffederal,state,andlocalgovernmentstoalleviateins*tu*onalbarriers.

Adapta*on,DisasterManagement,Displacement,andCommunity-LedReloca*ons

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Fig.15.1:IndigenousPeoples’ClimateIni*a*vesandPlansManyIndigenouspeoplesaretakingstepstoadapttoclimatechangeimpacts.Searchtheonlineversionofthismapbyac*vitytype,region,andsectortofindmoreinforma*onandlinkstoeachproject:h\ps://biamaps.doi.gov/nca/.Toprovidefeedbackandaddnewprojectsforinclusioninthedatabase,see:h\ps://www.bia.gov/bia/ots/tribal-resilience-program/nca/.Thusfar,tribalen**esintheNorthwesthavethehighestconcentra*onofclimateac*vi*es(Ch.24:Northwest).Forothercasestudiesoftribaladapta*onac*vi*es,seeboththeIns*tuteforTribalEnvironmentalProfessionals’TribalProfiles,1andTribalCaseStudieswithintheU.S.ClimateResilienceToolkit.2,3Source:BureauofIndianAffairs.

Ch.15|TribesandIndigenousPeoples

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Fig.15.2:InfrastructureandEconomicVulnerabili*esCommuni*es’economicpoten*alandlivelihoodsrelyoninfrastructureandtheessen*alservicesitdelivers,andmanytribesandIndigenouscommuni*esalreadyfaceacuteinfrastructurechallengesthatmakethemhighlyvulnerabletoclimateimpacts.22Indigenouspeoplesalongthecoastsandintheislands,theSouthwest,andAlaskahaveexperiencedthemostextensiveinfrastructure-relatedimpactsthusfar(Ch.8:Coastal;Ch.20:U.S.Caribbean;Ch.25:Southwest;Ch.26:Alaska;Ch.27:Hawai‘i&PacificIslands).Source:USGCRP.

Ch.15|TribesandIndigenousPeoples

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Fig.15.3:IsledeJeanCharles,LA,andKivalina,AKThesephotosshowaerialviewsof(led)IsledeJeanCharles,Louisiana,and(right)Kivalina,Alaska.Asprojec*onsofsealevelriseandcoastalinunda*onarerealized,manyimpactedcommuni*esareconfron*ngpoli*cal,ecological,andexisten*alques*onsabouthowtoadapt.Photocredits:(le;)RonaldS=ne;(right)ShoreZone(CCBY3.0).

Ch.15|TribesandIndigenousPeoples

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Fig.15.4:CommunityPlanningSometribalcommuni*esatriskofdisplacementfromclimatechangeareac*velyplanningwhole-communityreloca*onstrategies.Aspartoftherese\lementofthetribalcommunityofIsledeJeanCharles,residentsareworkingwiththeLowlanderCenter(alocal,nongovernmentalorganiza*on),theStateofLouisiana,andotherstofinalizeaplanthatreflectsthephysical,sociocultural,andeconomicneedsofthecommunity.Photocredit:LouisianaOfficeofCommunityDevelopment.

Ch.15|TribesandIndigenousPeoples

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Chapter Author Team 15

Ch.15|TribesandIndigenousPeoples

FederalCoordina*ngLeadAuthorRachaelNovak,U.S.DepartmentoftheInterior,BureauofIndianAffairs

ChapterLeadLesleyJantarasami,OregonDepartmentofEnergy

ChapterAuthorsRobertoDelgado,Na=onalIns=tutesofHealth

ElizabethMarino,OregonStateUniversity–Cascades

ShannonMcNeeley,NorthCentralClimateAdapta=onScienceCenterand

ColoradoStateUniversityChrisNarducci,U.S.DepartmentofHousingandUrbanDevelopment

JulieRaymond-Yakoubian,Kawerak,Inc.LoreYaSingletary,UniversityofNevada,Reno

KylePowysWhyte,MichiganStateUniversity

ReviewEditorKarenCozzeYo,NorthernArizonaUniversity

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Acknowledgments 15

Ch.15|TribesandIndigenousPeoples

USGCRPCoordinatorsSusanAragon-Long,SeniorScien=stAllyzaLus*g,ProgramCoordinator

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Recommendedchaptercita*on

Readthefullchapter

nca2018.globalchange.gov

Jantarasami,L.C.,R.Novak,R.Delgado,E.Marino,S.McNeeley,C.Narducci,J.Raymond-Yakoubian,L.Singletary,andK.PowysWhyte,2018:TribesandIndigenousPeoples.InImpacts,Risks,andAdapta=onintheUnitedStates:FourthNa=onalClimateAssessment,VolumeII[Reidmiller,D.R.,C.W.Avery,D.R.Easterling,K.E.Kunkel,K.L.M.Lewis,T.K.Maycock,andB.C.Stewart(eds.)].U.S.GlobalChangeResearchProgram,Washington,DC,USA.doi:10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH15

h\ps://nca2018.globalchange.gov/chapter/tribes