four types of tissue epithelial tissue covers surfaces lines vessels, organs, ducts forms glands...
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Four types of tissue
Epithelial Tissuecovers surfaceslines vessels, organs, ductsforms glands
Connective Tissuematerial between cellssupports and bindsstores energyprovides immunity to disease
Muscle Tissueproduces movement
Nerve Tissueconducts electrical signals detects changesresponds
Characteistics of Epithelium:Cellularity (little matrix)Specialized junctions (e.g., Tight, Desmosomes)Apical surfaceAvascular (Basement membrane - Basal lamina & reticular lamina)Thoroughly innervatedHighly regenerative
Cell types:
squamous - flat, central nucleus
cuboidal - cube shape, central nucleus, microvilli
columnar - column, inferior nucleus, ciliated, microvilli, goblet
transitional - combination
Epithelial tissue types:
simple - 1 layer
stratified - 2 or more
psuedostratified - 1 but appears to be 2
Simple squamous: simplest, most delicate
Alveoli, blood vessels (endothelium), glomeruli
Diffusion, filtration
Simple cuboidal: microvilli
Kidney tubules, small glands, ovarian surface
Secretion, absorption
Stratified squamous: many layers keratinized or non-keratinized, basal cells cuboidal and mitotic
Non-K version forms moist linings - esophagus, mouth, vagina
K version forms dry membrane - epidermis
Protection
Stratified Cuboidal: usually 2 layersDucts of large glands, mammary and salivary glandsProtection
Stratified Columnar Epithelium:Basal layer cuboidal,Goblet, ciliatedStomach/esophageal jct.Protection
Transitional Epithelium: resembles stratified squamous and cuboidalBasal cells cuboidal or columnarUreters, bladder, urethraDistension according to fluid volume
Pseudostratified Columnar: 1 layer some cells not reaching apical surfaceGoblet, ciliated and non-ciliatedNon-C in ducts of large glands, male urethraC lines trachea and upper airwaysSecretion, propulsion
Connective tissue fibers:CollagenReticularElastic
Connective tissue cells:Fibroblasts - FibrocytesChondroblasts - ChondrocytesOsteoblasts - Osteocytes*MacrophagePlasma: secrete antibody proteinsMast: secrete histamine [vasodilator], heparin [anticoagulant]Adipocytes
LOOSE CT Loosely woven fibers, cellularity, vascular, 3 types
1. Areolar CT:fibroblasts, plasma cells, macrophages, mast cells, white blood cellsAll 3 fibers typesWidely distributed beneath epitheliaWraps, cushions organs, phagocytic
DENSE CT: More fibers, fewer cells, poorly vascularized, 3 types
1. Dense regularParallel rows of collagen fibers, many fibroblastsForms tendons, ligamentsUnidirectional stretch
2. Dense Irregular Connective Tissue:Irregular arrangement of collagen fibersJoint capsulesMulti-directional stress
3. Elastic: elastin fibers and fibroblastsvocal cords, ligament between vertebrae,walls of aortadurability with stretch
CARTILAGE : Network of fibers in firm matrix, nearly avascular, 3 types
1. Hyaline(articular)Firm but rubbery matrixChondrocytesAvascularEmbryonic skeletonEnds of long bonesResists wear and tear, compressive forces
Four types of tissue
Epithelial Tissuecovers surfaceslines vessels, organs, ductsforms glands
Connective Tissuematerial between cellssupports and bindsstores energyprovides immunity to disease
Muscle Tissueproduces movement
Nerve Tissueconducts electrical signals detects changesresponds
Characteistics of Epithelium: Cellularity (little matrix) Specialized junctions (3 categories)
1. Tight2. Plaque bearing
AdherensCell-to-cellCell-to-extracellular
DesmosomeHemidesmosome
3. Gap Apical surface Avascular (Basement membrane - Basal lamina & reticular
lamina) Thoroughly innervated Highly regenerative
Connective tissue fibers:
Collagen
ReticularElastic
Connective tissue cells:
Fibroblasts - FibrocytesChondroblasts - ChondrocytesOsteoblasts - Osteocytes*MacrophagePlasma: secrete antibody proteinsMast: secrete histamine [vasodilator],
heparin [anticoagulant]Adipocytes
Cell types:
squamous - flat, central nucleus
cuboidal - cube shape, central nucleus, microvilli
columnar - column, inferior nucleus, ciliated, microvilli, goblet
transitional - combination
Epithelial tissue types:
simple - 1 layer
stratified - 2 or more
psuedostratified - 1 but appears to be 2