foundation of medicine module phase 1/semester-1- 2018/2019
TRANSCRIPT
Foundation of Medicine Module
أساسيات الطب
Phase 1/Semester-1-
2018/2019
Ass. Prof. Dr.Alaa Al- algawy
F.I.C.M.S –Ortho.
M.B.Ch.B.
Lecture -1-
Basic Word Structure
لكلمة الطبيةلالمكونات الأساسية
1-Analyse the medical word to ( roots ,suffixes ,and
.(prefixesتحليل الكلمة الطبية لمكوناتها الأساسية .Define a root , suffix , and prefix-2تعريف تلك المكونات
3-Distinguish between the combining vowel and
.combining form
.التمييز بين حرف العلة الرابط والصيغة الرابطة Write the meaning of the medical-4كتابة معاني الكلمات
words.. 5- Translate (Medical to English )and (English to
.medical ) wordsالترجمة من اللغة الطبية للأنكليزية وبالعكس
Learning Objectives أهداف المحاضرة
Analysis of Medical Word Parts تها الأساسية ا لمكون ية لطب ا كلمة ل ا يل تحل
-Medical words are made up of - three word parts : roots جذر,
suffixes اللاحقة النهائية, and prefixes اللاحقة الأبتدائية.
-Most words have only two parts.
-An example: Perineuritis (per-ih-nyoo-RYE-tis). It means
inflammation around a nerve.
When you break the word : •Peri - (The first part of the word, is the prefix; it is followed by a
hyphen). •Neur (A root; is usually a body part). •- itis (The last part of the word; is the suffix; it is preceded by a hyphen).
How to Define Medical Words كيف تعرف الكلمة الطبية؟
1- Identify the suffix first eg (-itis., -oma., -phasia, -phagia )
, then the prefix eg.( poly., mono) (if there is one),
and then the root.
How to Define Medical Words كيف
تعرف الكلمة الطبية؟
2- Define the meaning of these parts …starting at the
-suffix .
-Then the beginning of the word.(either a prefix or a root).
Root-3
Suffix-1
Prefix-2
How to Define Medical Words كيف
تعرف الكلمة الطبية؟
- If there is another part (in the middle), it will be a nother
root.( oste o arthr itis ) (osteoarthritis)
- Once you have all the meanings, put them together.
Root- 3معنى
Suffix- 1معنى
Prefix- 2معنى
Analysis of Medicl word (exercise)
Identify & write the parts of Perineuritis indicated below:
1- Suffix……………………(means Inflammation) 2-Prefix …………………….( means around) 3-Root ………….. …………( means nerve) 4- Now ,, write the meaning of Perineuritis ………………
جذور الكلمات
Roots
A root is the main part of a medical word. For examples : • aden …means ……gland غدة • arthr….. means ……joint مفصل • col ….. means …….colon قولون • hemat …means ……blood دم • neur ……means ……nerve عصب • oste ……means ……..bone عظم
Combining Vowel حرف العلة الرابط
-combining vowel .. used to connect a root to a suffix (as in the above
example) or to join two roots. يربط بين الجذر واللاحقة النهائية أو بين جذرين
- the word will be .. much easier to pronounce.
Example : the root -hemat was combined with the suffix –logy.
- If the letter “o” is added to the end of the root to make the word
hematology.
- If the suffix starts with a vowel (a, e, i, o, u) the combining vowel is not
needed. eg word arthritis ,( arthr + itis )
- combining vowel can also be
used to joint two roots.
Example osteoarthritis (inflammation of bone and joint) (os-tee-oh-ar-THRIGH-tis) oste + /o + arthr + -itis ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ root = bone combining vowel root = joint suffix = inflammation
- For example, in the word ( oste o arthr itis ) the combining
vowel joins the roots oste and arthr.
Exercise
Combining Forms
الرابطة الصيغة
combining form .. name given to a root that is followed by a
combining vowel. (جذر مع حرف علة رابط)
- the root arthr, .. writ- ten in its combining form, is: ( arthr/o)
- The root is separated from the combining vowel by a slash (/).
aden written as ..
Aden/o
Exercise
Suffixes
اللواحق النهائية للكلمات
-A suffix is the last part of a word.
-It can be attached to a root or a prefix.
بعد لاحقة أبتدائية .. أو ..تأتي بعد جذر
-Whenever a suffix stands alone in the text,
a hyphen(-) comes before it.
Suffixes
-When the Suffix Starts with a Vowel, the Combining Vowel Is Dropped.
Example:
arthralgia (joint pain): arthr + -algia
↑ ↑
root = joint suffix = pain
- When the Suffix Starts with a Consonant, the Combining Vowel Is Not
Dropped. Example: colostomy (new opening in the colon)
Colostomy: col + /o -stomy
↑ ↑ ↑
root = colon + combining vowel + suffix = new opening
Prefixes
اللواحق الأبتدائية للكلمات
- prefix is the first part of a medical word.
- May attached to the beginning of the root or
sometimes a suffix.
- تأتي قبل الجذر أو قبل اللاحقة النهائيةقد
- Whenever a prefix stands alone in the text, it is
followed by a hyphen.(-) أينما وجدتها لوحدها تضع بعدها
شارحة
Prefixes
Prefix Joining with a Root, Example:
Prefix Joining with a Suffix, Example:
dysphasia (difficulty speaking) (dis-FAY-zhee-ah)
dys- + -phasia
↑ ↑
prefix = difficulty suffix = speech
أختبار للتعاريف والترجمة
A- Define the following words: عرف أجزاء الكلمات الأتية
1- Arthritis………………….…. 2-Adenoma………………..….. 3-poly adenoma………………
B-Give the meaning of the following word parts:
Medical to English))ترجم من اللغة الطبية للإنكليزية 1-hemat\o……………………..….. 2-arthr\o………………………….….. 3-aden\o……………………….……
Reference : Illustrated Guide to Medical Terminology \second edition - Juanita Davies
C- Write the root of following الى اللغة الطبية الأنكليزيةترجم جذور الكلمات الأتية من اللغة
1-Bone………………………..………. 2-Joint…………………………………. 3-Blood………………………………..
1-Analyse the medical word to ( roots ,suffixes ,and prefixes). 2-Define a root , suffix , and prefix. 3-Distinguish between the combining vowel and
combining form . 4-Write the meaning of the medical words.. 5- Translate (Medical to English )and (English to medical ) words.
Did you achieved the Learning
Objectives?? وأخيرا هل تحققت لديك أهدف المحاضرة؟؟
Any ?
Thank you