foundation for success of zne building’s, … · foundation for success of . zne building’s,...

FOUNDATION FOR SUCCESS OF ZNE BUILDING’S, RESTS IN

WHAT RESIDES -- “BEHIND CLOSED DOORS”

Green California Schools Summit 2016 -- November 2016

THE BEGINNING --


Overview – Zero Net Energy (ZNE)! • Background / History / Remember

• What’s ZNE?

• Forgotten / Overlooked / Impact / Old & New • Foundation for ZNE Electrical System • Bottom-line


Background


Modern Energy Conservation and Efficiency Evolution

80’s

90’s

2000’s

ZNE 2010 & Beyond

70’s


Remember – Impact - Environment

Summer – Set Temperature Higher than Normal Winter – Set Temperature Lower than Normal

Change – Incandescent to Fluorescents Lower lighting levels – remove lamps Change lamps – 40 to 34 watt – T-12

Roof Insulation Weather Stripping Blocking UP Windows


How’s (ZNE) Defined? • DEFINITION

• Zero Net Energy Building (ZNE) -- a Building with zero net annual energy consumption -- Energy Used = Energy Produced -- EU – EP = 0 -- EP comes from Renewable Sources

• AKA – Net Zero Energy: Site, Source, Cost, Emissions (Carbon Neutral)


How’s (ZNE) Defined? DOE Redefined – EU is now Source Energy – Point of Production

• NOW: Per 100 kWh used onsite equals 100 x 3.412 kBtu = 341.2 kBtu/Yr

• Redefined: 100 kWh = 341.2 x 3.15 = 1074.8 kBtu/Yr = 341 kWh of renewable energy at the site – Factors vary by fuels/regions

• NOTE: Most Consider Current Definition – But change maybe on the horizon


EXAMPLES of SCHOOLS

Applies to New, Renovations or Upgrades (EPC)


Sacred Heart Schools Stevens Family Library --Atherton CA 6,300SF AEUI 17 SREUI 29 NEUI -12 AEUI = Actual EUI SREUI – Site Renewable EUI NEUI – Net EUI

CERTIFIED


Solana Ranch ES -- San Diego, CA 68,000SF Emerging Zero Net Energy - 2014


Redding School for the Arts -- Redding CA 77,091SF -- Emerging ZNE -- 2011


ZNE – Foundation Laid

• LEED / High Performance Design Standards – 1995 to Present

• USGBC; CHPS; Green Globes

• U.S. Department of Energy; EPA (Portfolio Manager)

• ASHRAE ; AIA

• CA Grid Neutral Doc for K-12 & CC

• Components/System -- lighting, controls, HVAC, Commissioning

• Remember: Before you think Renewables, Achieve the Lowest Possible EUI in Design/Operation


ZNE – Codes, Guidance, Legislation • AIA – 2030 Challenge – All new buildings to achieve 70%

below regional average/mean EUI for Bldg. Type and ZNE by 2030

• ASHRAE Vision 2020 – by 2020 provide tools to achieve ZNE by 2030

• Title 24 change – Effective 1/1/2017 • Increase focus on plug loads • New commercial Bldg. ZNE by 2030

• 50% of Existing State SF be ZNE by 2025

• 50% of Existing Commercial Bldg. by 2030


ZNE – Codes, Guidance, Legislation

• Prop 39 – Demo projects for existing Schools with assistance from IOU

• Federal Government – 2020/2030

• Other Influencing Factors • Conference of Mayors adopted in 2016 a resolution -- Moving America's Model

Building Energy Code on a Path of Steady Efficiency Improvements Toward Net Zero • 9 States – National Governors Association • Conference of Mayors, National Association of Counties • NYC – One City Built to Last – New Buildings by 2030 and existing buildings achieve

ZNE by 2050 • Numerous Cities across the nation adopting ZNE • Hundreds of Design professionals and Firms adopting ZNE


ZNE Success = Focus on Efficiency

• Performance requirements drives design

• Focus on Load Reduction;

• Then Energy Efficiency Features;

• Then renewable energy;

• Require New Building’s Renewable (ZNE) ready

• Remember: Before you think Renewables, Achieve the Lowest Possible EUI in Design/Operation


ZNE – Actions / Considerations -- Today

• Strategies • Lighting Systems & Daylighting

• Components, Controls • Site and Building orientation • Building Envelope -- Roof, Windows, etc. • HVAC – Boilers, Motors, Compressors, Controls • BMS/EMS • Commissioning of all systems

• Including Building Envelope • What’s Forgotten???


• LVDT – Low Voltage Dry-Type Transformers • Steps Down incoming Voltage to 120/208V – Plug loads • “Plug loads” in ZNEB can be up to 50% of load

• WHY ? – “Out of Sight/Out of Mind” – Behind closed/locked doors

• Design/Efficiency based on unreal 35% loading

Forgotten/Overlooked/Impact/Old & New – Low Voltage Dry-Type Transformers (LVDT)


Forgotten/Overlooked – Studies

• Oak Ridge Study -- 1995 • LVDT Load Study – 1999

Metered Load Factors for Low-Voltage, Dry-Type Transformers in Commercial, Industrial, and Public Buildings The Cadmus Group Inc. 12/7/99, Prepared for Northeast Energy Efficiency Partnership Green California Schools Summit 2016 -- November 2016

What can happen !! -- IMPACT 75 kVa LVDT

2.3 kW load

1.02 kW waste energy -- 44% @$0.11/kWh About $1100/yr cost Temp. -- 306 F Egg – 158F

Bacon – 300F

How many of these do you have behind closed doors?


How were studies used by U.S. DOE? • Initiated actions to improve DT Efficiency & Design

• Major effort on LVDT • Preliminary Recommendation Published in 2004

• TP-1 minimum; CSL-3 LLCC -- more efficient • Estimate annual savings IF – 60-80 B kWh; 2.6% of all produced • Efficiencies -- based on 35% load -- linear loads(LL) -- Not Real World

• 1999 Study and testing of existing • TP-1 UL approved for 5% Non-linear (NL) loads • TP-1 included in EPACT 2005 – effective 2007 • LVDT CSL-3 UL approved for 100% NL – produced • Note: In schools today 60-80% of plug loads are non-linear • Note: Some Manufacturers Built CSL-3 – Most Decided Not to


IMPACT – Old vs. CSL-3 (Preliminary Rule) (EPC)

-30 F


Why Increase Minimum Efficiency?

• Effective January 2016 • For Low Voltage Dry-type (LVDT)

• About 30% less losses than EPACT 2005/NEMA TP1 (previous standard since 2007)

• Exception: single phase efficiency not changed

DOE 2016 -- Final Ruling

• Most Transformers sold on low first cost • Most Manu. only offer min. legal efficiency products • Supporting Analysis -- DOE 2016 vs. EPACT2005 : $10.4B Savings (5.8 B

kWh) • Significant savings beyond DOE 2016 – Max. Technology: added $9B

savings resulting in $19.4B total potential savings (total = (5.8 + 5) 10.8 B kWh/year

• Low Lifecycle Optimizing Transformer (LLOT) Green California Schools Summit 2016 -- November 2016

DOE 2016 Single Point 35% Requirement does not match Real World Loading

Plug Loads

Servers & a concentrated electronic environment


REAL WORLD

REAL WORLD

Why GO Beyond DOE 2016 Ruling? Foundation for ZNE • DOE 2016 ruling states: • Losses can be reduced by further 87% with technology available

today ($9B more) • $19.4B additional savings (@$0.06/kWh) • DOE 2016 also states:

• Lower Lifecycle Cost is Achieved by Optimizing for Real World Loading

Federal Register/Vol 78, No. 75/Thursday, April 18, 2013/ Rules and Regulations

If DOE’s Cost/efficiency design cloud were redrawn to reflect loadings (real world loads), other than those specified in the test procedure, different designs would migrate to optimum frontier of the cloud -- LLOT


Install the Foundation -- Where Applicable!!

• New Construction • Major Renovations – Prop 39 • Energy Performance Contracts • System Upgrades / Repairs

Effective Useful Life • Prop 39 – 20 yrs. • DOE – 33 yrs.++ • LOTT – 25 yrs. ++ • Life of Bldg. due

to low loads

Specs – Based Performance, non-linear and real world loads – Hold Specs Don’t Give-in


EXISTING VS. DOE 2016

Model EXISTING 2016-R Nominal kVA 225 225 % Loading - Average 11.18 11.18 Losses (kW) - Average 2.010 0.382

Reduction in Average Losses 81.0%

DOE 2016 – CALCULATED

LOSSES OF EXISTING VS. CALCULATED DOE 2016


The Bottom-Line: Ask yourself – Do you want this in a New Facilities; How many do you have now?

What was True in the ‘70s for oil filters, is True today for HP

Energy Components --

Pay me Now or Pay me Later!!

Remember

Require and Demand Lowest Life Cycle Cost

Analysis in Selection and Testing to verify specs are

being met -- commissioning


A High Performance/Zero Net Energy Bldg., Needs a Solid Structural and Electrical Foundation for Success – Specify, Select, Install – LLOT

LLOT

Electrical Foundation

Structural Foundation


LLOT Electrical Foundation

Structural Foundation

One thing to Remember and Key to the Success of HP / ZNE Design – Building don’t operate themselves – Occupants (People) do!!!!

Energy Awareness, Education is Essential for Success Now and in the Future -- at ALL Levels – Remember the Seatbelt !!!!


2016 DOE Mandate

Contact Info: Lorenz V. Schoff Energy Efficient Solutions 2906 Tall Oaks Drive Blacksburg, VA 24060 [email protected] 540-961-2184 540-230-9262 ©

LLOT


mailto:[email protected]

foundation for success of zne building’s, … · foundation for success of . zne building’s,...

Documents