FOT.LIGHTING EQUIMENT

№ 1 (06.2010)

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FOT.LIGHTING EQUIMENT

№ 1 (06.2010)

1. LIGHTING EQUIMENT

1. LIGHTING EQUIMENT

1. LIGHTING EQUIMENT

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1. LIGHTING EQUIMENT

1. LIGHTING EQUIMENT

1. LIGHTING EQUIMENT

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1. LIGHT-

ING EQUIMENT

Consider the most common lighting and

the character created by their lights. Modern light-

ing and electronics provided the photographer a wide variety of de-

signs and lighting parameters of light sources ranging from conventional electric

and ending with pulsed gas-dicarge lamps. Electric lamps used for lighting rooms, differ in pow-

er, and hence on the force produced by their luminous flux and have a transparent, frosted or milk glass bottle.

This color glass cylinder provides more soft, diffused lighting. Industry also produces a special control lamps, the bright-

ness of which considerably more than the brightness of con-ventional light bulbs, which is achieved by burning lamp mode

perekala. Their term of service varies between 2 - 8 h, and there-fore they should be included only for a short time, most shots. As usu-

al, and perekalnye bulb may have an internal reflector, allowing to con-centrate in one direction coming from the scorching rays of light filaments.

The extremely small size and high brightness are characterized by quartz halogen lamps. The internal volume of container in them is filled

with iodine vapor, that significantly improves parameters of lighting lamps.

It is an independent group is a pulsed gas discharge lamps that emit light in a very short (1 / 500 - 1 \ 10000s) and a powerful light pulse. The internal volume of the container of such lamps filled with

inert gas, xenon, through which under normal conditions the electric current does not pass. When using a high-voltage pulse, the gas in the cylinder tube is ionized and becomes a conductor of electric current

through it is the category of a special condenser and have large electric charge, and the gas turned on the thou-sandth of a second in the plasma, emit powerful pulses of light. The advantages of such lamps - small size, high

brightness, high efficiency and constant flux, lack of - the inability to visually monitor the cut-off figure, created such

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2.LIGHTING

Source on the subject. Lighting lamps with no special reflectors are used very rarely, because

they illuminate equally not only the subject, but all the surrounding objects. In this case, a large number of random scat-

tered light, the re are stray glare and reflections, disturbing imagery. Therefore, for better use of lamp light and the possibility of sending its light output in the desired direction apply special reflectors on the shape

and size of which depends large ly on the nature of coming from the lamp luminous flux. In most cases, the reflectors are provided with fittings (clamps, clamps) allows to fix them in position and in a certain place. Reflector with a lamp can be fastened to the backs of the chairs and other furniture or a special

tripod.

Naturally, the lighting, you can use ordinary household lighting - table lamps, sconces, chandeliers, lamps, etc., but they are less convenient and in most caes does not allow to create the necessary illumination of the subject.

Pulsed electronic devices, called flash-lamp, very diverse. This miniature lamp of low power, designed for amateurs, and more powerful illu-

minators are designed primarily for professional photphers. In all cases of food such flashlamps is provided from AC power,

battery or internal battery. Synchronition of light flash lamp with the work of a camera shutter is us-

ing a special wire synchronization, either through

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the lumi-nous flux of lamps, flares, reflectors

whose dimensions do not exceed 5 - 10 cTo a large ex-tent focus light beam depends

3..LIGHTING EQUIMENT

On the structure of the reflecting surface of the reflector. What it is closer to the mirror, the smaller scatters light, the direction becomes more luminous flux. Closely related to the orientation of

the light flux form of reflector: reflector is deeper than the more

narrow beam of light it can get. The relationship of conventional lighting and bulbs for the most part unob-trusive. However, when shooting vehicles with short-focus lens and illumination of the object electronic flash from a camera a narrow light beam can cause ofthe

Often, to reduce the luminous flux of a lighting device on its way directly near illuminator set light diffusers, which is a metal ring on which stretched gauze or tulle.

This method is ineffective, and therefore for soft diffused lighting should be used as a secondary radiator with large linear dimensions of the white screens, used for

viewing slides or amateur movies. In this case, a powerful light source (halogen lamp or high power flash lamp) set at a distance

of 60 - 90 cm from hanging on a tripod

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1.LIGHTING EQUIMENT

the linear dimensions of the light source is ten times less than the distance from it to the subject,

This lighting can be considered directional. Character-istics of lighting for different ratios of these dimensions

are given below:

What is the practical significance of such a relationship? First of all, on the basis of these data, it is easy to determine the size of re-

flectors bulbs needed to create this or that by the nature of light. So, if you want to highlight the human face soft diffused light without a

clear, sharp shadows, the size of the reflector lighting unit should be close to the distance between the device and the subject.

It is for this reason, special studios and film studios to create a soft diffused lighting set lighters with the size of the radiat-

ing surface greater than 1 - 2 pm Regular spotlights pro-vide diffused illumination only at distances of 30 - 70

cm, with greater distance from their subject, the light becomes more directed, more and more

rigid. Especially noticeable orientation of

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direct electrical connection circuit synchronization lamps with built-in cam-era contact, or light beam.

Since the duration of the light pulse is extremely small, it is necessary that the time window of the camera flash personnel were fully open. Otherwise proek-sponiruetsya only part of the frame and the picture will be spoiled. This con-dition is satisfied for all quotations in cameras with central gate, and only for a relatively long exposure in cameras with curtain shutter. In the description of the camera has always shown the most fast shutter for shooting with flash lamp. Of course, one can also use slower shutter speeds, but the need for this. Shooting under artificial lighting has its own peculiarities. Of great impor-tance is the distance between the subject and light source, which is usu-ally limited to a few meters. Changing this distance will inevitably lead to changes in illumination. Changing the light is proportional to the square of the change in the distance: thus, if the distance between the illuminator and photographed the object to double, the illumination of the object de-creases fourfold. This should always be taken into account when shooting.

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LIGHTING EQUIMENTAn important property of light - focus the light flux is directly linked with both the linear dimensions of the light source, and the distance from it to the subject. Tentatively, this dependence can be represented as follows: if the linear dimen-sions of the light-emitting body close or equal to the distance from the source to the subject, the lighting of the object is soft, svetotonalny character, but if

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LIGHTING EQUIMENT

or on a wall screen in front of his center, and direct luminous flux on the screen. Reflect-

ed from the surface of the screen light creates a soft diffused lighting, especially necessary in portraiture. In

stead, the screen can be used quite large in size (not less than 60 X 60 cm) piece of white cloth or even a light wall.

Sometimes, for a soft diffused lighting in the room or another room light powerful lamp directed at the ceiling, which in this

case is also a secondary transmitter with a large surface radiation.

The above ways to create a soft diffused lighting have one drawback: the illumination of the subject compared to the di-rect illumination of the light falls several times, due both to loss of light in the process of reflection (50%) and increas-ing distance from the light source to the subject. That is why these methods require the use of powerful light sources. Instead of the screen, wall or ceiling as a reflector, you can use an umbrella covered with white cloth. To do this, the most suitable solid satin silk or some other sufficiently dense tissue. Such an umbrella in an open position strengthened with clamps to a tripod. In the immediate vicinity of the pens and have a

source of light. When folded, they take up little space, and in the process of shooting them easy to install

in the right Get a bunch of directional light is much easier. It’s enough to put an ordi-

nary photo illuminator fused from heavy paper or thin card-

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