fostering self-direction in participatory process design
DESCRIPTION
In this paper, we describe an approach in integrating means of self-direction into workshop-centered methods of PD. The approach aims at diminishing idle times of participants, improving their motivation to contribute and thus at improving the quality of outcomes. Although the work presented here is ongoing research, preliminary results show its benefit and potential contribution to PD.TRANSCRIPT
Fostering self-direction inparticipatory process design
Alexander Nolte, Michael Prilla
RUB
2
Self-direction in participatory process design
• The design of new processes or process parts requires the integration of stakeholders and experts from various domains
heterogeneous team• Processes contain parts in which stakeholders are
more or less involved
not every participant is knowledgeable of every aspect of the process
Modelling can benefit from means of self-direction thus increasing the satisfaction of participants as well as resulting in better processes
RUBSetting: Participatory process
modelling workshop
Modeler / chauffeur
InteractiveLarge Screen
Agency staff
Moderator
Clients
IT-Experts
RUB
4
Self-directed approach in participatory process design
Problem Example Solution
Idleness in sequentially facilitated meetings
Participants have to wait for their turn to speak
Provide the possibility to contribute in parallel1
RUBSelf-directed approach in
participatory process design
5
Problem Example Solution
Only some participants can contribute to the currently focused part of the process
Clients focus on service ordering while agency staff focusses on processing orders
Let the participants decide to which part of the process they want to contribute to
Idleness in sequentially facilitated meetings
Participants have to wait for their turn to speak
Provide the possibility to contribute in parallel
Clients Agency staff
2
1
RUBSelf-directed approach in
participatory process design
6
Problem Example Solution
Different stakeholders have different views on the same process part
Agency staff focusses on the organisational part while IT-experts focus on the required data
Let the participants decide to which perspective they want to contribute to
Only some participants can contribute to the currently focused part of the process
Clients focus on service ordering while agency staff focusses on processing order
Let the participants decide to which part of the process they want to contribute to
Idleness in sequentially facilitated meetings
Participants have to wait for their turn to speak
Provide the possibility to contribute in parallel
Agency staff
IT-experts
3
2
1
RUBSelf-directed approach in
participatory process design
7
Problem Example Solution
Issues arise that have to be solved at once
IT-experts sort while agency staff contributes
Let the participants decide what they want to do
Different stakeholders have different views on the same process part
Agency staff focusses on the organisational part while IT-experts focus on the required data
Let the participants decide to which perspective they want to contribute to
Only some participants can contribute to the currently focused part of the process
Clients focus on service ordering while agency staff focusses on processing order
Let the participants decide to which part of the process they want to contribute to
Idleness in sequentially facilitated meetings
Participants have to wait for their turn to speak
Provide the possibility to contribute in parallel
Agency staff
IT-experts
4
3
2
1
RUB
8
Conclusion
• Increasing flexibility for participants is supportive for PD• Prevents frustration caused by involuntary idleness• Beneficial for user motivation and process quality• Outcome less dependent on the facilitator• Prerequisites:
– Material has to be prepared (e.g. process parts)– Facilitation style has to change (guide to self-direction)– Awareness has to be provided for multiple contexts and topics
• Facilitator still required for situations that the participants cannot handle themselves
RUB
9
Future work
• Continue observing self-directed behavior in participatory design workshops
• Stronger focus on process design during the collection of elements
• Enhance and change facilitation strategies thus reducing preparation time
• Introduce means of self-direction in team composition (e.g. allow participants to invite experts)
RUB
10
Thank you for your kind attention
www.imtm-iaw.rub.de