fossil free road transport? - bioenergy free road transport? trends and ideas in sweden joint...
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Fossil free road transport? Trends and ideas in Sweden
JOINT WORKSHOP WITH IEA BIOENERGY
Infrastructure Compatible Transport Fuels
Olle Hådell
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Sustainable supply of energy to transportation is a crucial issue.
• Transportation is a cornerstone in a modern
society.
• But climate change is a real threat/ Use of fossil
fuels has to be reduced to a fraction of the
volumes today • How can a 2-degree target be combined with
mobility worldwide?
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1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040
An
nu
al
pro
du
cti
on
(G
b/y
r)
Annual productionEUR=1800 GbEUR=2000 GbEUR=2200 GbEUR=2400 GbEUR=2600 Gb
Source: EIA, Energy Information AdministrationEUR: Estimated Ultimately Recoverable (global oil)
Gb = Gigabarrel
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Means of promoting EEC´s in Sweden (environmentally enhanced cars)
Incentives addressing the cars favoured ´ Tax exemption for 5 years for EEV´s Biofuels, efficiency, ´ Procurement of vehicles purchased by govermental authorities Biofuels, ´ Exemption from congestion taxes in Stockholm Biofuels ´ Free parking in bigger cities Biofuels, efficiency ´ Reduced taxation of car benefit Biofuels, electricity ´ Vehicle taxation based on CO2 emissions Efficiency ´ Obligation for fuelling stations to provide biofuels E-85
´ Incentives addressing the fuels ´ Exemption of energy- and CO2-taxation for biofuels Biofuels ´ Support to pilot plants Lignocellulose, gasification
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Fossile free road transportation - is that possible ?
´ Yes, if you can combine:
´ More efficient vehicles
´ Biofuels
´ Electrification
´ Change of transportation modes
´ Development of the society
Olle Hådell
To achieve this, there is a need for comprehensive strategies!
Energy efficiency
Renewable energy
Transport efficient society
Source: SOU 2013:84
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More efficient cars
Driving forces:
´ EU directives:
130 g CO2/km 2012 -2015; 95 g CO2/km 2020
´ Offers common rules for all companies selling cars in Europe. Efficiency has become a highly prioritized issue.
´ Behaviour of Swedish buyers: ´ Sweden can´t affect the type of cars produced. But Swedish
incentives affect the selection of cars sold in Sweden.
Olle Hådell
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0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
80 130 180 230 280 330
Shar
e of
tota
l veh
icle
s
Tail pipe CO2 emissions (g/km)/ e.g. fuel consumption
Sweden 2007 Sweden 2010
A radical shift in Swedish car sales….
… caused by incentives, technical progress and image
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EU trends
100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200
2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 Kold
ioxi
du
tslä
pp
(g
/km
) Tyskland
Finland
Sverige
Storbritannien
EU-15
Frankrike
Danmark
Olle Hådell
”Sweden was the bad guy”
Germany
Finland
Sweden
UK
EU-15
France
Dennmark
Source: SOU 2013:84
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To get more efficient trucks is more complicated..
40 ton vehicle in real life)
Continously reduced fuel consumption
No development in fuel consumption
Heavy vehicles are a real challenge !
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Biofuels
All links in the whole chain from well to wheel must be considered
´ Access to sustainable feedstock
´ Efficient and economical viable production
´ Appropriate number of retail stations
´ Access to engines designed for the fuel
´ Acceptance from the end user
Olle Hådell
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Substitution of fossile diesel oil is crucial!
• Already shortage of Diesel oil in Europe
• Higher share of dieselcars due to regulations of fuel consumption.
• Aviation fuels and diesel oil are competitors
• Environmental marine regulations will raise demand for diesel oil?
´ Biofuels ought to be be used
in heavy vehicles
´ Biomethane
´ Synthetic diesel oil
´ Dimethyleter (DME)
´ Electrification of roads….
Threats Solutions
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Swedens attempt to develope an E-85 market has failed
´ The incentives were to costly
´ Producing ethanol from woodchips was a bad idea
´ The Swedish market is to small to maintain an development for E-85 engines
Olle Hådell
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Main pathways for biofuel development
Low blends in gasoline
Flex fuel cars
Cellulosic
Gasification of
Black liqour
Ethanol
Veg. oils/ Lignine
HVO/ syndiesel Biomethane
DME
Heavy vehicles
Diesel blending
Gasification of biomass
Methanol
Olle Hådell
Source: SOU 2013:84
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• Battery costs are still a bottleneck
• City buses will be the first adaptors
• Carpooling and other local fleets comes next
• Access to charging points is cruicial • Can continous or intermittent
charging be realised?
Electrification
Olle Hådell
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Olle Hådell
Reducing use of fossile fuels in road transport in Sweden
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2010 2030 modest 2030 op3mis3c
Scenarios 2030
Fossile
Biofuels
Electrifica3on
Efficient cars
Development of society
Source: SOU 2013:84
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Conclusions ´ Shortage of diesel fuel is likely. Renewable dieselsubstitute is cruical
especially for heavy vehicles ´ Engine development is costly and need large harmonized markets
to be profitable. ´ The ability of the carfleets to absorbe dedicated fuels as ethanol,
methanol, DME etc. is limited. Drop in is a ”dream”. ´ Three types of biofuel production have to be developed:
´ Fuels from gasification ´ Drop in fuels from lignine
´ Ethanol from cellulose
´ A clear long term target is cruical. The development of biofuels have to be continous and comprehensive.
Olle Hådell
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Means of promoting EEC´s in Sweden (environmentally enhanced cars) Incentives addressing the cars ´ Incentives for EEC´s bought by private car buyers ´ Tax exemption for 5 years for EEV´s ´ Procurement of vehicles purchased by govermental authorities ´ Exemption from congestion taxes in Stockholm ´ Free parking in bigger cities ´ Reduced taxation of car benefit ´ Vehicle taxation based on CO2 emissions ´ Obligation for fuelling stations to provide biofuels
´ Incentives addressing the fuels ´ Exemption of energy- and CO2-taxation for biofuels ´ Support to pilot plants
![Page 18: Fossil free road transport? - Bioenergy free road transport? Trends and ideas in Sweden JOINT WORKSHOP WITH IEA BIOENERGY ... EUR=2400 Gb EUR=2600 Gb Source:EIA, Energy …](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad6deab7f8b9af9068b83f4/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Means of promoting EEC´s in Sweden (environmentally enhanced cars) Incentives addressing the cars ´ Incentives for EEC´s bought by private car buyers ´ Tax exemption for 5 years for EEV´s ´ Procurement of vehicles purchased by govermental authorities ´ Exemption from congestion taxes in Stockholm ´ Free parking in bigger cities ´ Reduced taxation of car benefit ´ Vehicle taxation based on CO2 emissions ´ Obligation for fuelling stations to provide biofuels
´ Incentives addressing the fuels ´ Exemption of energy- and CO2-taxation for biofuels ´ Support to pilot plants