forum fiji 16 september 2009 implementation of optical submarine systems as a backbone...

Forum Fiji 16 September 2009

Implementation of Optical Submarine Systems as a

backbone infrastructure in the Asia-Pacific region

Forum on:Implementation of decisions of the World

Telecommunication Standardization Assembly-08 (WTSA-08)

Nadi, Fiji - 16 September 2009

Paolo Rosa Head, Workshops and Promotion Division Workshops and Promotion DivisionTelecommunication Telecommunication Standardization Standardization BureauBureau


World submarine cable links


Functional Grouping of Rec.s on Optical Technology (1)

Category Recs Title

Optical fibres and cables: definitions and test methods

G.650.1 Definition and test methods for linear, deterministic attributes of single mode fibre and cable

G.650.2 Definition and test methods for statistical and non-linear related attributes of single mode fibre and cable

G.650.3 Test methods for installed single-mode optical fibre cable linksOptical fibres and cables: multimode

fibres

G.651 Characteristics of a 50/125 m multimode graded index optical fibre cable

G.651.1 Characteristics of a 50/125 µm multimode graded index optical fibre cable for the optical access network

Optical fibres and cables: single-

mode fibres

G.652 Characteristics of a single-mode optical fibre and cableG.653 Characteristics of dispersion-shifted single-mode optical fibre and cableG.654 Characteristics of a cut-off shifted single-mode optical fibre and cableG.655 Characteristics of a non-zero dispersion shifted single-mode optical fibre

and cableG.656 Characteristics of a fibre and cable with non-zero dispersion for wideband

transportG.657 Characteristics of a Bending Loss Insensitive Single Mode Optical Fibre

and Cable for the Access NetworkSpectral grids G.694.1 Spectral Grids for WDM Applications: DWDM Frequency Grid

G.694.2 Spectral Grids for WDM Applications: CWDM Wavelength Grid


Functional Grouping of Rec.s on Optical Technology (2)

Category Recs Title

Physical optical interfaces

G.691 Optical interfaces for single-channel STM-64, STM 256 and other SDH systems with optical interfaces

G.692 Optical interfaces for multichannel systems with optical amplifiers

G.693 Optical interfaces for intra-office applicationsG.695 Optical interfaces for Coarse WDM multiplexing applicationsG.696.1 Longitudinally Compatible Intra Domain DWDM applicationsG.698.1 Multichannel DWDM applications with single channel optical

interfacesG.698.2 Amplified multichannel DWDM applications with single

channel optical interfacesG.957 Optical interfaces for equipment and systems relating to the

synchronous digital hierarchyG.959.1 Optical transport networks physical layer interfaces

Free space optical systems

G.640 Co-location longitudinally compatible interfaces for free space optical systems

All Optical Networks G.680 Physical Transfer functions of Optical Networks Elements

Optical monitoring G.697 Optical Monitoring for DWDM systems

Optical safety G.664 Optical safety procedures and requirements for optical transport systems


Functional Grouping of ITU-T Rec.s on Optical Technology (3)

Category Recs Title

Optical amplifiers, components and subsystems

G.661 Definition and test methods for the relevant generic parameters of optical amplifier devices and subsystems

G.662 Generic characteristics of optical amplifier devices and subsystemsG.663 Application related aspects of optical amplifier devices and sub-systemsG.665 Generic characteristics of Raman amplifiers and Raman amplified

subsystemsG.666 Characteristics of PMD compensators and PMD Compensating ReceiversG.667 Characteristics of Adaptive Chromatic Dispersion CompensatorsG.671 Transmission characteristics of optical components and subsystems

Optical fibre submarine cable systems

G.971 General features of optical fibre submarine cable systemsG.972 Definition of terms relevant to optical fibre submarine systemsG.973 Characteristics of repeaterless optical fibre submarine cable systems

G.974 Characteristics of regenerative optical fibre submarine cable systems

G.975 Forward error correction for submarine systems

G.975.1 Forward error correction for high bit rate DWDM submarine systems

G.976 Test methods applicable to optical fibre submarine cable systems

G.977 Characteristics of optically amplified optical fibre submarine cable systems

G.978 Characteristics of optical fibre submarine cables


Construction, protection, installation and maintenance:

L-series ITU-T Recommendations

• Construction, installation and maintenance of all types of terrestrial and shallow water cables for public telecommunications, including optical cables, and the associated hardware.

• Installation, jointing, protection and maintenance of cables.

• Reliability and security, cable performance, field deployment and integrity of installations for mixed transmission media, such as hybrid fibre / copper cables.


ITU-T Recommendations on spectral grids

DENSE WDM: G.694.1, G.692, G.698.1, G.698.2 and G.959.1.

Definition of frequency grids to support DWDM applications. Four specific frequency grids defined:• 12.5 - 25 GHz - 50 GHz - 100 GHz spacingAll four frequency grids include 193.1 THz No frequency limits beyond which the grid is not defined.Additional wider spacing frequency grids can be used by taking integer multiples of 100 GHz spacing i.e. 200 GHz, 300 GHz, 400 GHz, etc.

COARSE WDM: G.694.2, G.695

Definition of a wavelength grid to support CWDM applications. Designed to allow simultaneous transmission of several wavelengths with sufficient separation to permit the use of uncooled sources.Channel spacing of 20 nm determined mainly by three factors:• the laser manufacturer is allowed a wavelength variation around the nominal wavelength in order to achieve a higher yield and/or relax fabrication tolerances • the use of uncooled lasers will cause the wavelength to change with temperature within the specified temperature range of the laser.• sufficient guardband between the channels to allow the use of low cost filter technologies.


Optical Submarine Cables


The elements

• Terrestrial Terminals Equipment, Repeaters & Optical Amplifiers

• Branching Units (active / passive)• Cables, structures (AA,A,LW,L)• Deep sea and beach cable joints• The power feeding equipment


Type of Fibers: G.65x Series

• non-dispersion shifted Single-Mode Fibre (SMF) defined in [G.652];

• Dispersion Shifted single-mode Fibre (DSF) defined in [G.653];

• Cut-off Shifted single-mode Fibre (CSF) defined in [G.654];

• Non-Zero Dispersion Shifted single-mode Fibre (NZDSF) defined in [G.655];

• Wideband Non-Zero Dispersion single-mode Fibre (WNZDF) defined in [G.656].


G.971-General features of optical fibre submarine cable systems

G.971(07)_F01

L and p o rtio n (10 0 4 ) S u bm arin e p ortio n (1 0 05 ) L and p o rtio n (10 0 4 )

T T E (1 0 1 0) C T E (1 0 1 4)

O p tica lsub m arin e

rep eater(1 0 2 0 ) R epea te r

B U(1 0 2 2 ) R epea te r R epea te r

A

S

B B

R

A

C T E T T E

S u pe rviso rysec tion(2 0 0 7 )

E lem en ta rycab le sectio n

(1 0 2 8 )

AB

C T E T T E

P F E M ain ten ancecon tro ller

P F E M ain ten ancecon tro ller

M a in ten ancecon tro ller

(1 0 1 2 )

C ableJoin tin g

B o x (5 0 1 3)

N O T E 1 – d en o te s sys tem in te rface .N O T E 2 – d en o te s lan d in g p oin ts o r beach jo in ts (10 0 6 ).N O T E 3 – X d eno te s c ab le jo in tin g bo x (5 01 3 ).N O T E 4 – N u m ber in brack ets re la te to [IT U -T G .97 2 ].

A B

O I

R epea te r

R epea te r

P F E (1 0 13 )

O p tica l fibre sub m arin e cab le (10 1 9 )

O p tica l fibre lan d cab le (1 01 8 )

O p tica l fibre s ta tio n cable (1 0 1 7)

E lec tr ic al c ab le

O p tica l in te rface (2 00 9 )

S y stem in te rface (2 00 8 )


Cables Parameters and definitions• – Submarine portion: see [G.972] (1005).• – Optical submarine repeater: see [G.972] (1020).• – Cable Breaking Load: see [G.972] (5007).• – Double Armoured Cable: see [G.972] (5004).• – Fibre-Breaking Cable Load: see [G.972] (5008).• – Minimum Cable Bending Radius: see [G.972] (5032).• – Nominal Operating Tensile Strength: see [G.972]

(5010).• – Nominal Permanent Tensile Strength: see [G.972]

(5009).• – Nominal Transient Tensile Strength: see [G.972]

(5011).• – Rock Armoured Cable: see [G.972] (5005).• – Single Armoured Cable: see [G.972] (5003).• – Relative Dispersion to Slope: see [G-Sup.40] (2006).• – Terminal Transmission Equipment: see [G.972]

(1010).


Optical amplification: a) EDFA Multichannel application

b) Raman amplification

EDFA: atoms are pumped to a high energy state and then drop to a lower state, releasing their energy when a suitable wavelength photon passes nearby.

Raman Scattering: nonlinear interaction between the signal and a pump laser within an optical fibre. As light travels down the fiber, energy is coupled from the shorter wavelength channels, boosting the amplitude of the longer wavelength (90 nm shift)

a)

b)


From design to operation

• First idea & evaluation of alternatives (MIUs)• The first design & restoring techniques• The survey and implementation design• The power budget & Straight Line Diagram• Quality Assurance program, factory

inspections and elements qualification• The manufacturing process and testing• The loading, system integration & monitoring• The laying & monitoring• The final splice & commissioning tests• The service


Restoring and Maintenance

• Submarine system as a space satellite• Agreements for deposits of spare parts• Programming restoring and qualifications• Rerouting• Reparation


CS Vercors cableship: work


CS Vercors cableship: enjoy…


NEXT ACHIEVEMENTS

• Multi-wavelength (up to 64 Coarse and Dense) bi-directional

• 3rd windows (1 550 nm)• Bit rate up to 10 Gbit/s per

fiber/direction/wavelength• Maximum span length with optical amplifiers

up to 150 km, 700 km regeneration span• Maximum capacity 1.2 TBit/s => 5.12 TBit/s


Thank you

Paolo ROSA Head, Workshop and Promotion Division ITU - Telecommunication Standardization [email protected]

ITUCommitted to Connecting the World

forum fiji 16 september 2009 implementation of optical submarine systems as a backbone...

Documents

optical cables

optical technology

optical networksg

optical transport systems

dwdm systems optical

optical safety procedures

multichannel systems

characteristics of dispersion