formation of the solar system
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Formation of the Solar System. Nebular Theory. Older Theory Solar nebula Fragments spins faster and faster flattening into a disk-like feature Formed Sun and Planets Spinning = almost perfect circle orbits Flaw Computer models show clumps would break apart not get bigger and bigger. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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FORMATION OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM
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Nebular Theory Older Theory Solar nebula
Fragments spins faster and faster flattening into a disk-like feature
Formed Sun and Planets Spinning = almost perfect circle orbits Flaw
Computer models show clumps would break apart not get bigger and bigger.
needed to revise the theory
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Condensation Theory Newer Theory Interstellar Dust
From dead stars Helped to:
cool the cloud of gas making it easier to collapse the disk
speed up the process of collecting atoms to form planets
Condensation nuclei Microscopic platforms to which other atoms can
attach, forming larger balls of matter.
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PLANET FORMATION
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Stage 1 Accretion
Dust forms condensation nuclei = clumps = bigger clumps…
By collision and sticking End
Hydrogen and Helium Millions planetesimals
Objects the size of small moons Gravitational fields large enough to effect their
neighbors
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Stage 2 Collision of planetesimals due to gravity = Protoplanets Protoplanets
Build-up of matter that will become the planets Collision of planetesimals and protoplanets
Produced fragments, which some became asteroids and comets
100 million years 8 protoplanets Dozen of protomoon Protosun (protostar)
Another billion years = solar system similar to ours Extreme meteorite bombardment
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DIFFERENTIATION OF THE SOLAR SYSTEMInner planets vs. Outer planets
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Factors that influence planet formation
Temperature Hotter in the center and cooler on the outside Distance
Metallic grains = Mercury’s orbit 1 AU = silicate grains 3 or 4 AU = water ice could exist 5 AU = water vapor, ammonia, and methane
Density More dense towards the center
Gravity was affecting it all
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Inner Planet Terrestrial Planets
Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars Dust breaking down into atoms then
reformed into new dust (grains) Heavier elements abundant
Silicon, Iron, Magnesium, Aluminum combined with oxygen to form rocky materials
Lack of lighter elements The comet bombardment of planets = water
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Outer Planets Jovian Planets
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune Cores formed under cooler conditions =
low ice dense material Accretion began soon after disk
formation Grew large enough to accrete grains and
then gases from the nebula = hydrogen rich planets
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Review Video Formation of Solar System
http://video.pbs.org/video/1790621534/ Questions:1. Why are asteroids so important?
• They help us understand how our solar system began2. Where did Iron 60 come from?
• Massive stars – supernova3. What are the two ideas of how our solar system
got started?• Supernova shockwave and gentle shockwaves from a
Massive star
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FORCE BEHIND THE FORMATIONGravity
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Lab: Balloon on a String Hypothesis: What direction do you
think the balloons would travel in if they were released while spinning (circle, diagonal, straight line, etc…) and why?
When we are outside draw in your science journals what you see happen.
Is there anything you observed that would change your inference/hypothesis? If so what?
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Lab Continue Listen to reading What are the two forces that hold our solar
system together? Gravity and inertia
In the demo what was what? String: The Balloon: The person: The release of the balloon:
What would happen to all the planets if the Sun disappeared?
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Newton’s 1st Law: Inertia (Notes Found in your History Notes
under Newton) Inertia: the tendency for an object to
keep moving in the same direction and speed unless acted upon by an outside force.
More mass = greater inertia and the more force is needed to change its motion
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Gravity Gravitational review (if time)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hoPKUY1n6aA&feature=related
What object in our solar system has the largest amount of gravity? Why? Sun because it has the most mass (99.9%)
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Laws of Universal Gravitation (Notes Found in your History Notes under
Newton) Gravitational force: things with mass exerts
attraction on other masses “ The mutual gravitational attraction of the
Sun and the planets, as expressed by Newton’s law of gravity, is responsible for the observed planetary orbits” (McMillan 37). The Sun pulls the planets changing the planets
forward motion into a curved path
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Einstein's Theory of Relativity
“Time and space, according to Einstein's theories of relativity, are woven together, forming a four-dimensional fabric called "space-time." The mass of Earth dimples this fabric, much like a heavy person sitting in the middle of a trampoline. Gravity, says Einstein, is simply the motion of objects following the curvaceous lines of the dimple” (Dr. Tony Phillips | Credit: Science@NASA)
Trap demo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AAqSCuHA0j8
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FUN FACTS
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An inventory of the Solar System 1 sun 8 planets 5 dwarf planets 166 moons 7 asteroids more than 100 Kuiper belt objects larger than 300 km
(200 miles) in diameter 10s of thousands of smaller asteroids and Kuiper belt
objects Countless comets few km in diameter Numerous meteoroids less than 100 m across Sun makes up 99.9% of the solar systems mass
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Videos Time Travel http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X02W
MNoHSm8&feature=related
Planet Review (if time) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBp68rh
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