formation of colonial society 1
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this is a document on the formation of a colonial societyTRANSCRIPT
University of San AgustinSocial Science Department
Iloilo City
The Formation of Philippine Colonial Society, 1762-1896
discuss and analyze the factors that led to the development of Filipino nationalism;
describe the patterns of Philippine economic developments and appraise their effects;
discuss the nature and analyze the significance of the reform movement; and
identify and explain the factors that lead to the staging of Philippine Revolution.
Objectives: At the end of this unit, the students should be able to..
Oppressive Colonial Policies and the Natives’ Responses
Common Grievancesabuses and exploitation by the friarsexcessiveness of Spanish imposed
institutions Early Uprisings
Filipinos staged more than 100 revoltsaware of strength; education in struggle; each
led to awakening of national consciousness
External Political Factors
Spread of Progressive European Ideologies tenets of individual
liberty and greater freedom; ideas of equality and fraternity
spread of liberalism in the Philippines
19th Century Economic Development Opening of the country to international
commercemercantilism to laissez-faire: development of
new classes, alteration of existing ordergalleon trade and government monopolies
were abolishedexpansion of trade and opening of ports: high
foreign demands; agricultural productiondevelopment and regionalization of cash
crops
Rise of the Middle ClassPhilippine opening to
world trade: prosperity few Filipinos and
mestizos prosper: middle class
provided national leadership
Improvements of Transportation and Communication Facilitiesroads, bridges,
mail service, etc..natives became
more aware of their common plight
Opening of the Suez Canal in 1869shortened route between Philippines and
Europe influx of liberals to the countryFilipinos traveled to Europe and learned
progressive ideologies Establishment of Foreign Firms in the
CountryEnglish and American businesses were
established
19th Century Political Developments Secularization and
Filipinization long quarrel between
regulars and seculars over parish assignments and supervision
native priests resented the injustices and discrimination against them
Liberal Administration of Gov. Gen. Carlos Maria de la Torregranted individual
rights to nativesFilipinos’ 1st
experience of a liberal government
Cavite Mutiny and GOMBURZA MartyrdomGov. Gen. Rafael de
Izquierdo suspended or revised liberal policies of his predecessor: unrest broke out
workers at Fort San Felipe at Cavite mutinied
Frs. Gomez, Burgos and Zamora were accused, tried and executed
Economic Developmentin the 19th Century
Adoption of Liberal Economic Policy (Laissez-faire)galleon trade and government monopolies
were abolisheddevelopment of agricultural resources,
widening of commercial contacts with other countries
production of cash crops was encouraged: new sources or revenue, less dependence
Economic Transformations Brought by Opening of the Country to World Tradeestablishment of foreign firms and consulatesregional specialization of crops flourishedbanks and service-owned facilities were put
upChinese and Filipinos became capitalistsmestizos grew in affluence
became retail merchants, wholesalers and landowners
became leaders in finance and education
Concept of Nationhood Role of the Middle Class
Spanish and Chinese mestizos and natives who rose to position of power and became leaders in finance and education
discriminated by the Spaniards
started movement for reforms
worked closely with the natives
Nature of the Reform Movementexpose evils of Spanish
colonialism in the Philippines and in Spain
Spanish government be aware of Philippine conditions: grant of some reforms
no clamor for independence, but peaceful assimilation
Some Reforms Demanded by the Reform MovementPhilippines be made a province of Spainequality before the law transparency in the governmenteducation for allrestoration of representation in Spanish
Cortesreturn of lands to the nativesFilipinization of the Catholic Church
The Great Reformists filibusteros (mutineers),
young men sent to Spain to study (Rizal, etc) and refugees who escaped persecution (Jaena, del Pilar, etc)
La Solidaridad with a publication of the same name was established in Barcelona in December 1888
Results and Significance of the Reform Movement
Weaknesses of the MovementSpain was too pre-occupied
with its own internal problems friars were too powerfuldid not have sufficient means
to carry out its objectives; lack of funds
lack of unity among reformists
Significance of the MovementLa Solidaridad and novels of
Rizal influenced local illustrados who later on led revolutionary forces in their areas
feeling of empathy developed among people
its failure led into the founding of the Katipunan with a revolutionary aim
Underlying Factors Influence of the
Propaganda Movement
The Role of Masonryanti friar movementhelped fund
propaganda movementpattern for the methods
of the organization of KKK
La Liga Filipinaorganized by Jose Rizal
in July, 1892sought to involve
people directly to reform movement
unite the people; coming up of a strong nation
declared dangerous: Rizal was arrested and deported to Dapitan
The Split among ReformistsLiga lay low due to arrest
and deportation of Rizalmembers were convinced
that peaceful agitation for reforms was futile
conservatives: pledged to continue supporting La Solidaridad
radicals: formed a new secret society, KKK
Centuries of Exploitative Imposed Institutionscommon sufferings
among peopledeep resentment felt
against land grabbing and other exploitative practices
people rallied to revolutionary struggle
Immediate Causes Economic Depression in 1891-1895
unstable currency and exchange fluctuations
prices of sugar and hemp fell disastrously
Drought and Locust Infestation in Central Luzon in June and July 1896misery and desperation led people to
the cause of revolution
Convergence of Grievancesconvergence of the
discriminated and exploited classes
formed common stream of protest
conditions became ripe for a revolution
The Katipunan led by Andres
Bonifacioseparation of the
Philippines from Spain
arousing national feeling; working for deliverance from Spanish oppression and friar despotism
Recruitment, Propaganda and Expansion
Katipunan’s Preparationrecruitment and gathering
of armspublication of Kalayaan
edited by Emilio Jacintoenlisting the aid of
wealthy Filipinosestablishment of women’s
chapter
indoctrination of members with Kartilla prepared by Emilio Jacinto
visitation of Dr. Pio Valenzuela to Rizal at Dapitan
seeking the aid of the Japanese
stealing of riffles and pistols from Spanish arsenals
Discovery of KKK and Start of the Revolution
betrayal of Teodoro Patiňo in August 19, 1896
massive arrest, imprisonment and execution of suspected members
“The Die is Cast” – Cry of Pugadlawin (Aug. 23) or Cry of Balintawak (Aug. 26)