format er drugs

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1/18


2/18

bronchodilation,

vasodilation, and

uterine relaxation

(beta2 receptors);

decreased

production of

aqueous humor.

Massa

IM in

counter

vasoc

Obse

closely

reacti

docto

reactio


3/18

Drug Name Classification Mechanism of

Action

Indications Contraindications Adverse Effect

P

FLUMAZENIL

(Romazicon)

Antodote Antagonizes the

actions of

benzodiazepines

on the CNS and

inhibits activity at

GABA-

benzodiazepine

receptor sites

Complete or partial

reversal of the

sedative effects of

benzodiazepines

when general

anesthesia has

been induced or

maintained with

them, and when

sedation has been

produced for

diagnostic and

therapeutic

procedures.

Management of

benzodiazepine

overdose

Hypersensitivity.

Patients receiving

benzodiazepines

for control of a

potentially life-

threatening

condition such as

status epilepticus

and control of

intracranial

pressure. Severe

intoxication with

tricyclic and related

antidepressants.

Dizziness, vertigo,

agitation,

nervousness,

tremor, palpitations,

emotional lability,

confusion, crying,

vision changes,

seizures,

vasodialtion,

flushing,

arrhythmias, chest

pain, nausea,

vomiting,hiccups.

Mon

re

care

effe

an

repe

Inject

IV in

to de

of

Prov

wi

infor

use

ma

te

teach

be re


4/18


Action

Indications Contraindications Adverse Effect Nursing

FUROSEMIDE

(Lasix)

Loop Diuretic Inhibits

reabsorption of

sodium and

chloride from the

proximal and

distal tubules and

ascending limb of

the loop of Henle,

leading to a

sodium-rich

dieresis

Oral, IV: Edema

associated with

CHF, cirrhosis,

renal disease

IV: Acute

pulmonary edema

Oral: Hypertension

Contraindicated with

allergy to

furosemide,

sulfonamides;

allergy to tartrazine

(in oral solution);

anuria, severe renal

failure, hepatic

coma;

pregnancy,lactation

Use cautiously with

SLE, gout, diabetes

mellitus

Dizziness, vertigo,

weakness,

headache,

drowsiness,

fatigue, blurred

vision, tinnitus,

arrhythmias,

rash, pruritus,

urticaria, purpura,

exfoliative

dermatitis,

erythema ,

multiforme

Nausea, anorexia,

vomiting, oral and

gastric irritation,

constipation,

diarrhea

Admi

food

preven

Reduc

given

antihy

readju

gradu

res

Give e

day

increas

will n

s


5/18


Action

Indications Contraindications Adverse Effect N

Pr

GLUCAGON

(Glucagon Diagnostic

Kit)

Glucose-elevating

drug

Hormone

Diagnostic

Agent

Accelerates the

breakdown of

glycogen to

glucose in the

liver, causing an

increase in blood

glucose level;

relaxes smooth

muscle of the GI

tract and

increases the

force of

contraction of the

heart

Hypoglycemia:

Counteracts

severe

hypoglycemia

reactions in

diabetic patients

Diagnostic aid in

the radiologic

examination of the

stomach,

duodenum, small

bowel, or colo9n

when a hypotonic

state is

advantageous


hyprsensitvity,

phenochromocytoma

Use cautiously with

pregnancy, lactation,

insulinoma.

Nausea, vomiting,

hypokalemia in

overdose,

urticaria,

respiratory

distress,

hypotension

A

hyp

patien

possib

inje

p

sup

carbo

res

glyc

preven

hyp

Moni

blood

Resp

20

in


6/18


Action

Indications Contraindications Adverse Effect Nursin

Haloperidol

(Haldol amp,Haldol

tab)

Antipsychotics Haloperidol blocks

postsynaptic

dopamine D1 and

D2 receptors in the

mesolimbic

system and

decreases the

release of

hypothalamic and

hypophyseal

hormones. It

produces

calmness and

reduces

aggressiveness

with

disappearance of

hallucinations and

delusions.

Psychoses,

Tourette's

syndrome,

Severe tics,

Short-term

adjunct in severe

anxiety or

behavioral

disturbances,

Restlessness and

confusion,

Intractable

hiccup, Acute

psychosis,

Nausea and

vomiting,

Restlessness and

confusion.

Comatose

conditions, severe

CNS depression,

Parkinson's

disease, lesion of

the basal ganglia.

Hypersensitivity.

Comatose

conditions, severe

CNS depression,

Parkinson's

disease, lesion of

the basal ganglia.

Hypersensitivity.

Park

epilep

ang

glauco

p

hyp

sever

hepa

extrem

(ho

weathe

of acu

or le

hyper

pregna

childre

re

antic


7/18


Action

Indications Contraindications Adverse Effect Nursing

Heparin

,Heparin LEO vial

Anticoagulants,

Antiplatelets &

Fibrinolytics

(Thrombolytics

It increases the

inhibitory action

of antithrombin

III (AT III) on

clotting factors

XIIa, XIa, IXa,

Xa and

thrombin, inhibits

the conversion

of prothrombin to

thrombin and

fibrinogen to

fibrin, inhibits

platelet function.

It may reduce

the activity of

ATIII at very high

doses.

Venous

thromboembolism,

Prophylaxis of

postoperative

venous

thromboembolism,

Prophylaxis of

mural thrombosis,

Unstable angina,

Venous

thromboembolism,

Peripheral arterial

embolism,

Patients

predisposed to

active bleeding

including

thrombocytopenia,

peptic ulcer

disease,

cerebrovascular

disorders,

haemorrhagic blood

disorders, bacterial

endocarditis,

severe

hypertension,

oesophageal

varices.

Slight fever,

headache, chills,

nausea, vomiting,

constipation,

epistaxis, bruising,

slight haematuria,

skin necrosis (SC

inj), osteoporosis,

alopecia.

Hypersensitivity

reactions include

urticaria,

conjunctivitis,

rhinitis, asthma,

angioedema and

anaphylactic

shock. Priapism.

S

Pre

Moni

c

Dis

tre

thromb

o

Hype

elderly


8/18


Action


Pr

HYDRALAZINE

HYDROCHLORIDE

Apresoline, Supres

Antihypertensive

Vasodilator

Acts directly on

vascular smooth

muscle to sauce

vasodilation,

primarily

arteriolar,

maintains or

increases renal

and cerebral

blood flow

Oral: Essential

hypertension

alone or in

combination with

other drugs

Parenteral:

Severe essential

hypertension

when drug cannot

be given orally or

when need to

lower BP is urgent

Unlabeled use:

Reducing

afterload in the

treatment of CHF

Severe tachycardia,

dissecting aortic

aneurysm, heart

failure with high

cardiac output, cor

pulmonale,

myocardial

insufficiency due to

mechanical

obstruction,

coronary artery

disease, idiopathic

SLE. Patients with

recent MI.

CNS: Headache,

peripheral

neuritis, dizziness,

tremors

CV: Palpitations,

tachycardia,

angina pectoris

GI: Anorexia,

nausea, vomiting,

diarrhea,

constipation

GU: Difficult

micturition,

impotence

Hematologic:

Blood dyscrasias

Give

wit

in

bioa

(drug

g

co

rela

inges

for

res

th


9/18


Action


P

HYDROCORTISONE

SODIUM

(A-Hydrocort, Solu-

Cortef)

Corticosteroid

Hormones / Eye

Corticosteroids /

Topical

Corticosteroids

Hydrocortisone is a

corticosteroid used

for its anti-

inflammatory and

immunosuppressive

effects. Its anti-

inflammatory action

is due to the

suppression of

migration of

polymorphonuclear

leukocytes and

reversal of

increased capillary

permeability. It may

also be used as

replacement therapy

in adrenocortical

insufficiency.

Replacement

therapy in

adrenocortical

insufficiency, As

supplement in

adrenal

insufficiency

during minor

surgery under

general

anaesthesia, As

supplement in

adrenal

insufficiency

during moderate

or major surgery,

Viral/fungal

infections,

tubercular or

syphilitic lesions,

bacterial infections

unless used in

conjunction with

appropriate

chemotherapy.

Sodium and fluid

retention.

Potassium and

calcium

depletion. Muscle

wasting,

weakness,

osteoporosis. GI

disturbances and

bleeding.

Increased

appetite and

delayed wound

healing. Bruising,

striae, hirsutism,

acne, flushing.

Pre

hyp

DM

elde

on

thera

wi

preg

l


10/18


Action

Indications Contraindications Adverse Effect Nursin

IPECAC SYRUP Antidote Irritates the

stomach lining

and stimulate the

vomiting center

Poisoning

Overdose

Hypersensitivity.

Given activated

charcoal.

Unconscious.Drowsy.

Severely drunk.

Having seizures.

With no gag reflex.

Diarrhea,

drowsiness,

stomach cramps,

vomiting, itching,DOB, swelling of

the mouth, rash

and hives

Dont a

unc

Pt s

active fo

adm

If vom

not occ

dos

lava

con

remov

su


11/18


Action


Pr

ISOSORBIDE

DINITRATE

(Isordil Titradose)

Antianginal Relaxes vascular

smooth muscel

with a resultant

decdrease invenous return and

decrease in

arterial BP, which

reduces left

ventricular

workload and

decreases

myocardial oxygen

comsumption

Dinitrate:

Treatment and

prevention of

angina pectoris.Used with

hydralazine in

patients with

advanced CHF

Contraindicated

with allergy to

nitrates, severe

anemia, headtrauma, cerebral

hemorrhage,

hypertrophic

cardiomyopathy.

Use cautiously with

pregnancy,

lactation, acute MI

Headache,

apprehension,

restlessness,

weakness, vertigo,dizziness,

faintness,

tachycardia,

retrosternal

discomfort,

palpitations,

hypotension,

syncope, collapse,

rash, exfoliative

dermatitis, nausea,

vomiting,

incontinence of

urine and feces

Give

pre

under

or inpouch

the p

c

Give

tab

beca

hypot


12/18


Action


Pr

Ketorolac

Keto film-coated

tab, Ketodol amp

Nonsteroidal Anti-

inflammatory

Drugs (NSAID)

Ketorolac inhibits

prostaglandin

synthesis by

decreasing theactivity of the

cyclooxygenase

enzyme.

Moderate to

severe pain,

Ocular itching

associated withseasonal allergic

conjunctivitis,

Cystoid macular

oedema, Pain and

photophobia after

incisional

refractive surgery,

Hypersensitivity to

aspirin or other

NSAIDs, asthma.

Hypovolaemia or

dehydration. Do not

give postoperatively

to patients with high

risk ofhaemorrhage.

History of peptic

ulcer or coagulation

disorders. Nasal

polyps,

angioedema,

bronchospasm.

Hypersensitivity to

aspirin or other

NSAIDs, asthma.

Hypovolaemia or

dehydration. Do

not give

postoperatively to

patients with highrisk of

haemorrhage.

History of peptic

ulcer or

coagulation

disorders. Nasal

polyps,

angioedema,

bronchospasm.

Elde

weigh

dysfu

predi

redu

volu

bloo

renal

mo

funct


13/18


Action


P

LIDOCAINE

(Xylocaine)

Anti-

arrhythmics

Anesthetic

Type I

antiarrhythmic:

Decrease

diastolic

depolarization,

decreasing

automaticity of

ventricular cells;

increases

ventricular

fibrillation

threshold

Local

Anesthetic:

Blocks the

generation and

conduction of

action potentials

in sensory

nerves by

As antiarrhythmic:

Management of

acute ventricular

arrhythmias during

cardiac surgery

and MI (IV use).

Use IM when

administration is

not possible or

when ECG

monitoring is not

available and the

danger of

ventricular

arrhythmias is

great

As anesthetic:

Infiltration

anesthesia,

peripheral and


allergy to lidocaine or

amide-type local

anesthetics, CHF,

cardiogenic shock,

second or third degree,

heart block (if no artificial

pacemaker), Wolff-

Parkinson-White

syndrome, Stokes-Adams

syndrome

Use cautiously with

hepatic or renal disease,

inflammation or sepsis in

the region of injection

(local anesthetic), labor

and delivery (epidural

anesthesia may prolong

the second stage of labor;

monitor for fetal and

Dizziness or

lightheadedness,

fatigue, drowsiness,

unconsciousness,

tremors, twitching,

vision changes; may

progress to seizures

Nausea, vomiting,

rash, respiratory

depression,

respiratory arrest,

headache,

backache, septic

meningitis,

Ass

befo

Pati

m

card

Mo

Q

inc

50

w

M

c

reb

afte

Ass

oxyg

pu


14/18

reducing sodium

permeability,

reducing height

and rate of rise

of the action

potential,

increasing

excitation

threshold, and

slowing

conduction

velocity

sympathetic nerve

blocks, central

nerve blocks,

spinal and caudal

anesthesia,

retrobulbar and

transtracheal

injection; topical

anesthetic for skin

disorders and

accessible

mucous

membranes.

neonatal CV and CNS

toxicity), and lactation


15/18


Action


P

MAGNESIUM SO4

Elin Magnesium

Sulfate vial

Laxatives,

Purgatives /

Anticonvulsants

Oral:

Magnesium

sulfate

increases

peristaltic

activity by

causing osmotic

retention of

fluids, thus

resulting in

bowel

evacuation.

Constipation, Mild

hypomagnesaemia,

Hypomagnesaemia,

Torsades de

pointes, Eclampsia,

Muscle stimulating

effects of barium

poisoning, Muscle

stimulating effects of

barium poisoning,

Boils and

carbuncles.

Parenteral: Heart

block, severe renal

impairment,

myocardial

damage.

Oral: GI irritation,

watery diarrhoea.

Parenteral:

Hypermagnesaemia

characterised by

nausea, vomiting,

flushing, thirst,

hypotension,

drowsiness,

confusion, slurred

speech, double

vision, bradycardia,

muscle weakness.

Hypocalcaemia;

paralytic ileus.

Mo

mak

outp

or m

pd

Take

pr

K

glu


16/18


Action


Pr

MANNITOL

( Osmitrol)

Osmotic diuretic Elevates the

osmolarity of the

glomerular filtrate,

thereby hindering

the reabsorption of

water and leading

to a loss of water,

sodium, chloride;

creates as osmotic

effect, leading to

decreased

swelling in post

transurethral

prostatic resection

Prevention and

treatment of the

oliguric phase of

renal failure

Reduction of

intracranial

pressure and

treatment or

cerebral edema;

of elevated IOP

when the

pressure cannot

be lowered by

other means.

Promotion of the

urinary excretion

of toxic

substances.

Contraindicated

with anuria due to

severe renal

disease

Use cautiously with

pulmonary

congestion, active

intracranial

bleeding,

dehydration, renal

disease, CHF,

pregnancy, lactation

Dizziness,

headache, blurred

vision, seizures.

Hypotension,

hypertension,

edema,

thrombophlebitis,

tachycardia, chest

pain.

Urticaria, skin

necrosis with

infiltration.

Nausea, anorexia,

dry mouth, thirst.

Diuresis, urine

retention.

Do not

solutio

tempe

crystal

occur.

are se

bottle t

before

admin

Make s

infusio

contain

giving

conce

manni

Monito

electro

period

prolon


17/18


Action


P

Methylpred-nisolone

(Adrena vial, Advantan

cream)

Corticosteroid

Hormones /

Topical

Corticosteroids

Methylprednisolone

is a synthetic

corticosteroid with

mainly

glucocorticoid

activity and minimal

mineralocorticoid

properties. It

decreases

inflammation by

suppression of

migration of

polymorphonuclear

leukocytes and

reversal of

increased capillarypermeability.

Anti-inflammatory or

immunosuppressive,

Status asthmaticus,

Acute spinal cord

injury,

Aplastic anaemia,

Pneumocystis

(carinii) jiroveci

pneumonia in

patients with

acquired

immunodeficiency

syndrome (AIDS),

Life-threatening

shock, Croup

Serious infections

except septic

shock or

tuberculous

meningitis; viral,

fungal and

tubercular skin

lesions; admin of

live virus vaccines.

Preparations

containing benzyl

alcohol

preservative are

contraindicated in

infants.

Edema,

hypertension,

arrhythmia; CNS,

endocrine,

metabolic and GI

effects; hirsutism,

acne, skin atrophy,

bruising,

hyperpigmentation;

transient

leukocytosis;

arthralgia, muscle

weakness,

osteoporosis,

fractures, cataracts,

glaucoma;infections.

P

C

a

ir

re

(

re

t


18/18

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