formal elements and principals of design
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Formal Elements of Design (What makes a
Line: Geometrically: any two points make a line, line also refers to the outside boushape curved or otherwise also independent of shapes can be thought of as an op
Plane: Geometrically flat surface
Shape: Generally 2 - dimensional form - positive, negative, convex, concave, boun
Mass / Volume: 3 - dimensional form, occupies Space
Space: Three dimensional space independent of what occupies it; absolute space
Value: Range from Light to Dark, an infinite gradient. Often used to give the illusiovolume to otherwise 2-dimensional shapes.
Plasticity: Generally refers to changing qualities. In art and design it specifically re
which a surface volume interacts with light to produce Value
Texture: The tactile qualities of a physical surface, can be expressed 2-dimension
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Principles of Formal Design
(How the elements come together)
Scale: Generally as it relates to the human body, hand(small), human(medium), colos
Harmony/Discord: Enthalpy/entropy order or disorder, resolution of forces in oppositio
Contrast/Variety: If the picture plane is infinite in its disorder the designer creates by dplane and the quality of the design is often dependent on the judicious and disciplined
elements.
Rhythm/Repetition: Rhythm is the result of repetition: Duplication of forms, AlternatingSequencing of forms
Dominance/Recession: A dominant element needs recessive elements for the sake oThere is no dramatic height without a receding valley.
Continuity: organization of elements, flow from one elements to the next, relies again
Balance: Symmetrical - same elements or number of elements with equal number and
Asymmetrical: equal visual weight in disparate elements (three small shapes balancesshape).
Proportion: relative size, composition, visual weight of elements dependent on many
forms in question.