form 5 cd 1

FORM 5 CD 1LEARNING AREA 5

Topic 5.1 - Basic Programming Concepts

5.1.1.1 State the definition of program SERIES OF ORGANISED INSTRUCTIONS THAT

DIRECT A COMPUTER TO PERFORM TASK ARAHAN-ARAHAN TERSUSUN YANG

MENGARAHKAN KOMPUTER MELAKUKAN TUGASAN TERTENTU

5.1.1 Define Program and Programming Language

5.1.1.2 State the definition of programming language A PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE IS A SET OF WORDS, SYMBOLS AND CODES THAT ENABLES

HUMANS TO COMMUNICATE WITH COMPUTERS. IT IS A LANGUAGE USED FOR WRITING COMPUTER PROGRAMS, THAT DIRECT A COMPUTER TO PERFORM COMPUTATION AND TO ORGANISE THE FLOW OF CONTROL BETWEEN MECHANICAL DEVICES.

EXAMPLES OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES ARE: BASIC (BEGINNER’S ALL PURPOSE SYMBOLIC INSTRUCTION CODE) PASCAL C SMALLTALK.

BAHASA PEMPROGRAMAN ADALAH SET PERKATAAN, SIMBOL DAN KOD-KOD YANG MEMBOLEHKAN MANUSIA BERKOMUNIKASI DENGAN KOMPUTER. IA ADALAH BAHASA YANG DIGUNAKAN UNTUK MENULIS PROGRAM KOMPUTER. IA MENGARAHKAN KOMPUTER MELAKUKAN TUGASAN DAN MENYUSUN CARTA ANTARA PERAANTI MEKANIKAL.

CONTOH BAHASA PEMPROGRAMAN ADALAH BASIC (BEGINNER’S ALL PURPOSE SYMBOLIC INSTRUCTION CODE) PASCAL C SMALLTALK.

5.1.1 Define Program and Programming Language

5.1.2.1 Identify the generations of low-level programming languages with examples

• A LOW-LEVEL PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE IS A PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE THAT PROVIDES LITTLE OR NO ABSTRACTION FROM A COMPUTER’S MICROPROCESSOR.

• BAHASA PEMPROGRAMAN TAHAP RENDAH ADALAH BAHASA PEMPROGRAMAN YANG MENYEDIAKAN SEDIKIT ATAU TIADA ABSTRACTION DARIPADA MIKRO PEMPROSESAN KOMPUTER.

• GENERATION OF LOW LEVEL PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE ARE FIRST GENERATION (MACHINE LANGUAGE) SECOND GENERATION (ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE)

• GENERASI BAHASA PEMPROGRAMAN TAHAP RENDAH ADALAH GENERASI PERTAMA (BAHASA MESIN) GENERASI KEDUA (BAHASA PENGHIMPUN)

5.1.2 Levels and Generations of Programming Languages

5.1.2.1 Identify the generations of low-level programming languages with examples

• FIRST GENERATION (MACHINE LANGUAGE)– WRITTEN USING BINARY DIGITS (1S AND 0S) WITH A COMBINATION OF NUMBERS AND LETTERS

THAT REPRESENT BINARY DIGITS – ARE SET OF INSTRUCTION AND DATA

• SECOND GENERATION (ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE)

– WRITTEN USING symbolic instruction codes AND meaningful – ASSEMBLY/ASSEMBLER – PROGRAM THAT TRANSLATE ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE TO A MACHINE

LANGUAGE.

• GENERASI PERTAMA (BAHASA MESIN)– DITULIS MENGGUNAKAN DIGIT BINARI (1 DAN 0) BERSAMA KOMBINASI NOMBOR DAN HURUF – MERUPAKAN SET-SET ARAHAN DAN DATA

• GENERASI KEDUA (BAHASA PENGHIMPUN)– DITULIS MENGGUNAKAN KOD-KOD ARAHAN SIMBOLIK DAN BERMAKNA– PENGHIMPUN – ADALAH PROGRAM YANG MENUKAR BAHASA PENGHIMPUN KEPADA BAHASA

MESIN


5.1.2.2 Identify the generations of high-level programming languages with examples.

• A HIGH-LEVEL PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE IS A PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE THAT IS MORE ABSTRACT, EASIER TO USE, AND MORE PORTABLE ACROSS PLATFORMS.

• BAHASA PEMPROGRAMAN TAHAP TINGGI ADALAH BAHASA PEMPROGRAMAN YANG LEBIH ABSTRAK, MUDAH DIGUNAKAN DAN LEBIH MELANGKAUI PELBAGAI PLATFOM.

• GENERATION OF HIGH LEVEL PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE ARE• THIRD GENERATION (PROCEDURAL LANGUAGE)• FOURTH GENERATION (NON PROCEDURAL LANGUAGE)• FIFTH GENERATION (VISUAL PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE)

• GENERASI BAHASA PEMPROGRAMAN TAHAP TINGGI ADALAH• GENERASI KETIGA (BAHASA PROSEDUR)• GENERASI KEEMPAT (BAHASA TIADA PROSEDUR)• GENERASI KELIMA (BAHASA PMPROGRAMAN VISUAL)



THIRD GENERATION (PROCEDURAL LANGUAGE)• THE THIRD GENERATION OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE OR PROCEDURAL

LANGUAGE USES A SERIES OF ENGLISH LIKE WORDS. THAT ARE CLOSER TO HUMAN LANGUAGE,

• EXAMPELS PASCAL, FORTRAN, BASIC, COBOL, C and C++

• FOURTH GENERATION (NON PROCEDURAL LANGUAGE)• ENABLES USER TO ACCESS DATA IN DATABASE• USUALLY LIMITED FOR A VERY SPECIFIC APPLICATION THAT MIGHT USE SYNTAX

WHICH IS NEVER USED IN OTHER PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE.• EXAMPLES SQL, NOMAD ANF FOCUS

• FIFTH GENERATON (VISUAL PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE)• PROVIDE A VISUAL OR GRAPHIC INTERFACES• ALLOW PEOPLE TO INTERACT WITH COMPUTERS (ATM MACHINES)• EXAMPLES PROLOG AND MERCURY)



• GENERASI KETIGA (BAHASA PROSEDUR)• BAHASA YANG DIGUNAKAN SEAKAN-AKAN BAHASA INGGERIS BIASA. IA LEBIH

DEKAT SEPERTI BAHASA MANUSIA.• CONTOH : PASCAL, FORTRAN, BASIC, COBOL, C and C++

• GENERASI KEEMPAT (BAHASA TIADA PROSEDUR)• MEMBENARKAN PENGGUNA MENGAKSES DATA DALAM PANGKALAN DATA.• BIASANYA SANGAT TERHAD DAN LIMIT KEPADA APLIKASI TERTENTU SAHAJA DAN

MENGGUNAKAN SINTAKS(BENTUK BAHASA) YANG TIDAK DIGUNAKAN DALAM BAHASA PEMPROGRAMAN YANG LAIN.

• CONTOH : SQL, NOMAD ANF FOCUS • FIFTH GENERATON (VISUAL PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE)• MENGANDUNGI VISUAL (GAMBAR) ATAU GRAFIK ANTARAMUKA.• MEMBENARKAN PENGGUNA BERINTERAKSI DENGAN KOMPUTER (MESIN ATM)• CONTOH : PROLOG AND MERCURY)


5.1.3.1 Define Structured Approach in programming.

STRUCTURED APPROACH IN PROGRAMMING• USUALLY USE TOP DOWN MODEL• MAP OUT OVERALL PROGRAM STRUCTURED INTO SEPARATE

SUBSECTIONS FROM TOP TO DOWN• DRAWN AS RECTANGLES

PENDEKATAN BERSTRUKTUR DALAM PEMPROGRAMAN• BIASA MENGGUNAKAN MODEL ATAS BAWAH• MEMBAHAGIKAN STUKTUR PROGRAM KEPADA SUB

SEKSYEN(SYEKSEN KECIL-KECIL) DARIPADA ATAS KE BAWAH• DILUKIS DALAM BENTUK SEGIEMPAT TEPAT

5.1.3 Programming Language Approaches

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* * *

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5.1.3.2 Define object-oriented approach in Programming.OBJECT –ORIENTED APPROACH IN PROGRAMMING• SPECIAL TYPE OF PROGRAMMING THAT COMBINES DATA WITH

FUNCTIONS TO CREATE OBJECT • OBJECT IS ITEM THAT CONTAINS DATA AND PROCEDURES THAT ACT ON

DATA • MAJOR BENEFIT IS ABILITY TO REUSE EXISTING OBJECTS• C++ AND JAVA ARE COMPLETE OBJECT-ORIENTED LANGUAGES PENDEKATAN BERORIENTASIKAN OBJEK DALAM PEMPROGRAMAN• SATU JENIS UNIK ATAU ISTIMEWA DALAM PEMPROGRAMAN YANG

MENGGABUNGKAN DATA DENGAN FUNGSI BAGI MENGHASILKAN OBJEK• OBJEK ADALAH ITEM YANG MENGANDUNGI DATA DAN PROSEDUR YANG

BERTINDAK KE ATAS DATA.• KELEBIHAN UTAMANYA ADALAH KEBOLEHAN MENGGUNAKAN SEMULA

OBJEK YANG TELAH SEDIA WUJUD.• CONTOH BAHASA BERORIENTASIKAN OBJEK ADALAH C++


5.1.3.3 Differentiate between structured approach and object-oriented approach in programming.STRUCTURED PROGRAMMING USES A TOP-DOWN DESIGN MODEL-THE WHOLE PROGRAM IS BROKEN DOWN INTO SMALLER SECTION THAT

ARE KNOWN AS MODULES ALWAYS USE FOR ORGANIZING AND CODING COMPUTER PROGRAMS WHICH EMPLOY A HIERARCHY OF

MODULES CONTROL IS PASSED ONLY THROUGH THE HIERARCHY EG: ADA, PASCAL, FOTRAN OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING USES OBJECTS COMBINES DATA WITH FUNCTIONS TO CREATE OBJECTS. EVERY OBJECT HAS RELATIONSHIP WITH ONE ANOTHER EG: SMALLTALK,JAVA, VISUAL BASIC, C++

PEMPROGRAMAN BERSTRUKTUR• MENGGUNAKANU REKABENTUK ATAS BAWAH. KESEMUA PROGRAM DIPECAHKAN KEPADA BAHAGIAN-

BAHAGIAN KECIL YANG DIKENALI SEBAGAI MODUL.• SELALU DIGUNAKAN UNTUK MENGURUS DAN MELETAKKAN KOD-KOD PROGRAM DIMANA BEKERJA SEBAGAI

HIERAKI KEPADA MODUL.• KAWALAN ADALAH BERDASARKAN KEPAADA HIERAKI.• CONTOH : ADA, PASCAL, FOTRAN PEMPROGRAMAN BERORIENTASIKAN OBJEK• MENGGUNAKAN OBJEK-OBJEK• MENGGABUNGKAN DATA DENGAN FUNGSINYA ADALAH MEREKACIPTA OBJEK.• SETIAP OBJEK MEMPUNYAI HUBUNGAN ANTARA SATU SAMA LAIN.• CONTOH : SMALLTALK,JAVA, VISUAL BASIC, C++


5.1.4.1 Describe the translation method of programming using assembler, interpreter and compiler

THREE TYPE• ASSEMBLER• INTERPRETER• COMPILER

ASSEMBLER• TRANSLATE ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE PROGRAM INTO MACHINE LANGUAGE PROGRAM• EXAMPLE: MACRO 80 ASSEMBLER & MICROSOFT MASM

INTERPRETER• INTERPRATE SOURCE CODE AND DATA AND THEN CONVERT INTO MACHINE CODE

UNTIL GET THE RESULT• READ LINE BY LINE• EXAMPLE BASIC / LOGO / SMALLTALK

COMPILER• CONVERT SOURCE CODE INTO BINARY MACINE CODE UNTIL GET THE RESULT• IF ANY ERROR FOUND, LISTING THEM IN PROGRAM LISTING FILE• EXAMPLE : PASCAL / COBOL / C++

5.1.4 Translator(PENTERJEMAH)

5.1.4.1 Describe the translation method of programming using assembler, interpreter and compiler

TIGA JENIS• PENGHIMPUN• INTERPRETER• PENGKOMPIL

PENGHIMPUN• MENUKAR PROGRAM BAHASA PENGHIMPUN KEPADA PROGRAM BAHASA MESIN• CONTOH : MACRO 80 ASSEMBLER & MICROSOFT MASM

INTERPRETER• INTERPRATE KOD SUMBER DAN DATA DAN KEMUDIANNYA MENUKARNYA KEPADA KOD

MESIN SEHINGGA MENDAPAT KEPUTUSAN• DIBACA SECARA BARIS DEMI BARIS• CONTOH: BASIC / LOGO / SMALLTALK

PENGKOMPIL• MENUKAR KOD SUMBER KEPADA KOD MESIN BINARI (1 DAN 0) SEHINGGA KEPUTUSAN

DIPEROLEH.• JIKA SEBARANG RALAT DITEMUI, RALAT ITU DISIMPAN DALAM FILE PROGRAM• CONTOH : PASCAL / COBOL / C++

5.1.4 Translator(PENTERJEMAH)

5.1.5.1 Differentiate between constants and variables

CONSTANTS VS VARIABLES

CHARACTERISTICS(CONSTANT) VALUES IS NOT CHANGEABLE DURING THE COURSE OF THE PROGRAM(VARIABLES) VALUE CAN BE CHANGED ANYTIME DURING THE COURSE OF THE PROGRAM

USAGE(CONSTANTS) USE CONSTANT WHEN YOU WANT TO DECLARE SOMETHING THAT WON’T CHANGE MIDWAY IN YOUR

PROGRAM EXECUTION.(VARIABLES) USE VARIABLE TO STORE DATA THAT MAY OR WILL CHANGE DURING THE RUNNING OF THE

PROGRAM.

KAREKTOR(CONSTANT) NILAI TIDAK BERUBAH SEMASA DI DALAM PROGRAM(VARIABLES) NILAI BOLEH BERUBAH BILA-BILA MASA SEMASA PROGRAM BERJALAN

PENGGUNAAN(CONSTANTS) DIGUNAKAN SEMASA MAHU MENGISTIHARKAN SESUATU YANG TIDAK AKAN B ERUBAH SEMASA

PROGRAM BERJALAN

(VARIABLES) DIGUNAKAN UNTUK MENYIMPAN DATA YANG MUNGKIN AKAN BERUBAHSEMASA PROGRAM BERJALAN.

5.1.5 Basic Elements in Programming

5.1.5.2 Differentiate between data types: Boolean, integer, double, string and date

DIFFERENCENCE BETWEEN DATA TYPES


DATA TYPES DEFINITION DECLARE

INTEGER CONTAINS ANY WHOLE NUMBER VALUE THAT DOES NOT HAVE ANY FRACTIONAL PART.

CONST YEAR_BIRTH = 1998 ORDIM AGE AS INTEGERAGE = 17

DOUBLE ANY NUMBER VALUE THAT MAY AND COULD CONTAIN A FRACTIONAL PART.

CONST PI = 3.142 ORDIM MARKS AS DOUBLEMARKS = 60.5

STRING CONTAINS A SEQUENCE OF CHARACTERS.

CONST NAME = “HAMIMI” ORDIM ADDRESS AS STRINGADDRESS = “KUALA LUMPUR”

BOOLEAN CONSISTS EITHER A TRUE OR FALSE VALUE. PROGRAMMERS USUALLY USE IT TO STORE STATUS.

CONST INPUT_STATUS = TRUE ORDIM INPUT_STATUS AS BOOLENINPUT STATUS = FALSE

5.1.5.2 Differentiate between data types: Boolean, integer, double, string and date

PERBEZAAN ANTARA JENIS DATA


JENIS DATA MAKNA PENGISTIHARAN

INTEGER MENGANDUNGI SEBARANG NILAI NOMBOR YANG TIDAK ADA PECAHAN.

CONST YEAR_BIRTH = 1998 ORDIM AGE AS INTEGERAGE = 17

DOUBLE SEBARANG NILAI NOMBOR YANG TIADA ATAU BOLEH ADA NOMBOR PECAHAN

CONST PI = 3.142 ORDIM MARKS AS DOUBLEMARKS = 60.5

STRING MENGANDUNGI KAREKTOR ATAU PERKATAAN

CONST NAME = “HAMIMI” ORDIM ADDRESS AS STRINGADDRESS = “KUALA LUMPUR”

BOOLEAN MENGANDUNGI SAMADA NILAI YANG DIISTIHARKAN SEBAGAI “TRUE” ATAU “FALSE”.

CONST INPUT_STATUS = TRUE ORDIM INPUT_STATUS AS BOOLENINPUT STATUS = FALSE

5.1.5.3 Differentiate between mathematical and logical (Boolean) operators


MATHEMATICAL LOGICAL (BOOLEAN)

MATHEMATICAL OPERATORS PERFORM ELEMENT-BY-ELEMENT COMPARISONS BETWEEN TWO ARRAYS

OPERATOR MATEMATIK MELAKSANAKAN PERBANDINGAN ELEMEN KE ELEMEN ANTARA 2 BAHAGIAN

LOGICAL OPERATORS PERFORM LOGICAL OPERATIONS SUCH AS CHECKING THE CONDITION OF TWO BOOLEAN VALUES.

OPERATOR LOGIK MELAKSANAKAN OPERASI LOGIK SEPERTI MENYEMAK KEAADAAN ANTARA 2 NILAI BOOLEAN

5.1.5.4 DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN SEQUENCE CONTROL STRUCTURE AND SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE


SEQUENCE CONTROL STRUCTURE

SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE

EXECUTION FLOW EXECUTES STATEMENT ONE BY ONE IN LINEAR OR CONSECUTIVE ORDER

EXECUTES DIFFERENT STATEMENTS FOR DIFFERENT CONDITION

USAGE USE WHEN WANT TO EXECUTE CODE LINE BY LINE

USE WHEN WANT TO IMPLEMENT DECISION MAKING PROCESS IN THE PROGRAM

SYMBOL DOES NOT USE THE DECISION SYMBOL

USE THE DECISION SYMBOL

FLOWCHART

5.1.5.4 DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN SEQUENCE CONTROL STRUCTURE AND SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE


SEQUENCE CONTROL STRUCTURE

SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE

EXECUTION FLOW KENYATAAN DIJALANKAN BARIS DEMI BARIS MENGIKUT URUTAN

KENYATAAN DIJALANKAN MENGIKUT KEADAAN

USAGE DIGUNAKAN APABILA ARAHAN BERDASARKAN URUTAN DEMI URUTAN

DIGUNAKAN APABILA MAHU MEMBUAT KEPUTUSAN DALAM PERJALANAN SESUATU PROGRAM

SYMBOL TIDAK MENGGUNAKAN SIMBOL

TIDAK MENGGUNAKAN SIMBOL

FLOWCHART

Topic 5.2 - Program Development

5.2.1.1 Describe the five main phases in program development:

• PHASE 1 : PROBLEM ANALYSISANALISIS MASALAH

• PHASE 2 : PROGRAM DESIGNMEREKABENTUK PROGRAM

• PHASE 3 : CODINGMENGKOD

• PHASE 4 : TESTING AND DEBUGGINGCUBA DAN MEMBAIKI RALAT

• PHASE 5 : DOCUMENTATIONDOKUMENTASI

Topic 5.2.1 - Program Development Phases

5.2.1.1 Describe the five main phases in program development:

• Phase 1 : Problem AnalysisAnalisis masalah

programmer will interview the client to find out what the client’s needs are.

- For example, the client might be a school that wishes to set up a school registration program. So the school administrator might tell the programmer that they need to record students’ data such as name, date of birth, gender, class, parents’ names, address and contact numbers.

Pembuat program akan menemubual pelanggan bagi mendapatkan keperluan dalam program

- Contoh “program pendaftaran sekolah”, administrator mmberitahu pembuat program tentang keperluan dalam program iaitu nama, tarikh lahir, jantina, kelas, nama I bapa, alamat dan nombor telefon


5.2.1.1 Describe the five main phases in program development

• Phase 2 : Program designMEREKABENTUK PROGRAM

- TO DEVELOP GOOD PROGRAMS, PROGRAM DESIGN IS A VERY IMPORTANT PHASE.

- BASED ON THAT, THE PROGRAMMER WILL DESIGN A FLOW CHART THAT REPRESENTS THE NEEDS OF THE CLIENT, WHICH IN THIS CASE IS THE SCHOOL REGISTRATION PROGRAM

- BAGI MENGHASILKAN PROGRAM YANG BAIK, FASA INI SANGAT PENTING

- BERDASARKAN ITU, PEMBUAT PROGRAM AKAN MEREKACIPTA CARTA ALIR YANG MEWAKILI KPERLUAN PELANGGAN DIMANA DALAM KES INI “PROGRAM PENDAFTARAN SEKOLAH.”

Topic 5.2.1- Program Development Phases

5.2.1.1 Describe the five main phases in program development• Phase 3 : Coding

Mengkod IN THIS PHASE, A PROGRAMMER USES A PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT

TOOL WHICH GENERATES OR PROVIDES SOME OR ALL CODES. CODING IS THE PROCESS OF WRITING THE SOLUTION USING THE

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE. AFTER FINISHING THE CODING PROCESS, THE PROGRAMMER WILL TYPE THE PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE CODE INTO THE COMPUTER.

DALAM FASA INI, PEMBUAT PROGRAM AKAN MENGGUNAKAN PERISIAN PEMBANGUNAN DIMANA MELIATKAN SEDIKIT ATAU SEMUA KOD

MENGKOD ADALAH PROSES MENULIS KEPUTUSAN MENGGUNAKAN BAHASA PEMPROGRAMAN DI KOMPUTER. SETELAH SELESAI MENULIS KOD, PEMBUAT PROGRAM AKAN MENAIP KOD BAHASA PEMPROGRAMAN KE DALAM KOMPUTER


5.2.1.1 Describe the five main phases in program development• PHASE 4 : TESTING AND DEBUGGING

CUBA DAN MEMBAIKI RALAT PROGRAM TESTING IS DONE RIGHT AFTER CODING. THE PURPOSE OF PROGRAM TESTING

IS TO ENSURE THE PROGRAM RUNS CORRECTLY WITHOUT ANY SYNTAX OR LOGIC ERRORS.

IF ERRORS ARE UNCOVERED DURING TESTING, THE PROGRAMMER WILL PROCEED TO DEBUGGING. DEBUGGING INVOLVES TRACING THE SOURCE OF ERRORS IN THE PROGRAM AND MAKING THE NECESSARY CORRECTIONS.

AFTER CORRECTING THE ERRORS, IT IS NORMAL FOR PROGRAMMERS TO TEST RUN THE PROGRAM AGAIN JUST TO MAKE SURE THAT THE ERRORS HAVE BEEN PROPERLY FIXED.

MENCUBA PROGRAM DILAKUKAN SETELAH SELESAI MENGKOD. KEPERLUAN MENCUBA PROGRAM ADALAH BAGI MEMASTIKAN PROGRAM BERJALAN LANCA TANPA KESILAPAN PADA SINTAKS ATAU KESILAPAN LOGIK.

JIKA KESILAPAN DIDAPATI, PROSES MEMBAIKI RALAT AKAN DILAKUKAN DENGAN MENCARI KESILAPAN DALAM PENGISIAN KOD SUMBER DAN PEMBETULAN AKAN SEGERA DILAKUKAN.

SETELAH SELESAI MEMBUAT PEMBETULAN, ADALAH BIASA BAGI PEMBUAT PROGRAM MENCUBA SEMULA PROGRAM TADI BAGI MEMASTIKAN KESILAPAN TELAH BERJAYA DIATASI.


5.2.1.1 Describe the five main phases in program development• PHASE 5 : DOCUMENTATION

DOKUMENTASI IN PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT, DOCUMENTATION REFERS TO THE WRITTEN MATERIAL GENERATED

THROUGHOUT ALL THE PHASES OF PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT. THUS DOCUMENTATION INCLUDES THE DETAILED PROBLEM DEFINITION, THE PROGRAM PLAN (FLOW

CHART OR PSEUDO CODE), COMMENTS WITHIN THE SOURCE PROGRAM AND TESTING PROCEDURES. IT ALSO INCLUDES A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PROGRAM, CLEAR LAYOUTS OF INPUT AND OUTPUT RECORDS AND A PROGRAM LISTING.

ALL DOCUMENTATION MUST BE READY BY THE END OF PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT. THE PROGRAMMER SHOULD ENSURE THAT ALL DOCUMENTATION IS COMPLETE AND ACCURATE. DOCUMENTATION IS VERY VALUABLE IF THE PROGRAM REQUIRES CHANGES IN THE FUTURE AS

DOCUMENTATION ENABLES NEW PROGRAMMERS TO LEARN ABOUT EXISTING PROGRAMS MUCH EASILY AND QUICKLY.

DOKUMENTASI MERUJUK KEPADA BAHAN YANG DILAKUKAN PADA FASA 5 PEMBANGUNAN PROGRAM. DOKUMENTASI MENGANDUNGI SECARA TERPERINCI DEFINISI MASALAH, PELAN PROGRAM (CARTA

ALIR ATAU KOD PSEUDO), KOMEN BESERTA SUMBER PROGRAM DAN PROSEDUR MENCUBA. IA JUGA MENGANDUNGI SECARA TERPERINCI DESKRIPSI PROGRAM, REKOD MASUKAN DAN KELUARAN DAN SENARAI SEMAK PROGRAM.

SEMUA DOKUMENTASI MESTI DISEDIAKAN PADA AKHIR PEMBANGUNAN PROGRAM PEMBUAT PROGRAM MESTI MEMASTIKAN DOKUMENTASI ADALAH LENGKAP DAN TERATUR. DOKUMENTASI SANGAT BERGUNA DALAM MEMBUAT PENILAIAN, PERUBAHAN

PROGRAM(PENAMBAHBAIKAN) DAN KEPADA PEMBANGUN PROGRAM BARU.


5.2.2.1 Apply program development phases to solve problems

Phase 1 : Problem AnalysisAnalisis masalah

5.2.2 Develop a program


Phase 2 : Program designMEREKABENTUK PROGRAM

-



Phase 3 : Coding Mengkod



PHASE 4 : TESTING AND DEBUGGINGCUBA DAN MEMBAIKI

RALAT



PHASE 5 : DOCUMENTATIONDOKUMENTASI


(ASSESSMENT S10.1)VISUAL BASIC

Topic 5.3 - Current And Future Developments

5.3.1.1 The latest programming language3 types- Fifth generation language- Natural language- OpenGL (graphic library)

3 jenis- Bahasa generasi kelima- Bahasa biasa- Perpustakaan grafik terbuka

5.3.1. latest programming language

5.3.1.1 The latest programming languageFifth generation language- ADVANCE PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE- CONCENTRATE ON SOLVING PROBLEM- PROGRAMMER JUST NEED TO DEFINE PROBLEM AND PROGRAM WILL SOLVE

THE PROBLEMS AUTOMATICALLY- DESIGN TO MAKE THE COMPUTER SOLVE USER PROBLEM - MOSTLY USE IN AI (ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGNT) RESEARCH- EXAMPLE : PROLOG AND MERCURY

BAHASA GENERASI KE LIMA- BAHASA PROGRAM TERKINI- TERTUMPU KEPADA PENYELESAIAN MASALAH- PEMBUAT PROGRAM CUMA PERLU TAHU MASALAH DAN MASALAH AKAN

DISELESAIKAN SECARA AUTOMATIK OLEH PROGRAM ITU SENDIRI- DIREKA AGAR KOMPUTER DAPAT MENYELESAIKAN MASALAH PENGGUNA- BANYAK DIGUNAKAN DALAM PENYELIDIKAN “KEPINTARAN BUATAN”- CONTOH : PROLOG DAN MERCURY


5.3.1.1 THE LATEST PROGRAMMING LANGUAGEBAHASA BIASA- USE ENGLISH LANGUAGE TO WRITE- PROGRAMMER NEED TO DEFINE THE PROGRAM USING

NORMAL LANGUAGE- EXAMPLE: METAFOR (CREATE BY RESEARCHER FOR

MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUE OF TECHNOLOGY)

BAHASA BIASA- MENGGUNAKAN BAHASA INGGERIS BIASA- PEMBUAT PROGRAM PERLU MEMASTIKAN PROGRAM YANG

DIREKA MENGGUNAKAN BAHASA YANG BIASA.- CONTOH: METAFOR (DIREKA OLEH PENYELIDIK

INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI MASSACHUSETTS)


5.3.1.1 THE LATEST PROGRAMMING LANGUAGEOPENGL (GRAPHIC LIBRARY)- STANDARD SPECIFICATION TO DESCRIBE THE STANDARD APPLICATION PROGRAM INTERFACE(API)

FOR 3D/2D COMPUTER GRAPHIC APPLICATION- DESCRIBE A SET OF FUNCTION BEHAVIOUR THAT 3D/2D APPLICATION MUST PERFORM- WIDELY USE IN VIRTUAL REALITY SCIENTIFIC VISUALISATION FLIGTH SIMULATION VIDEO GAME DEVELOPMENT- DEVELOP BY SILICON GRAPHIC

PERPUSTAKAAN GRAFIK TERBUKA- SPESIFIKASI STANDARD UNTUK MENERANGKAN TENTANG PROGRAM ANTARANUKA APLIKASI

STANDARD(API) UNTUK APLIKASI KOMPUTER GRAFIK 3D/2D- MENERANGKAN BAGAIMANA APLIKASI 3D/2D BERTINDAK/BEKERJA- BANYAK DIGUNAKAN DALAMA REALITI MAYA VISUAL SAINTIFIK SIMULASI PENERBANGAN PEMBANGUNAN MAINAN VIDEO- DIBANGUNKAN OLEH SILICON GRAPHIC


(ASSESSMENT S11.1)

form 5 cd 1

Documents

basic programming concepts

mikro pemprosesan komputer

easier to use

melangkaui pelbagai

menukar bahasa penghimpun

kod arahan simbolik

a high

mudah digunakan