form 1 chap 2
TRANSCRIPT
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CHAPTER 2
CELL AS A UNIT OF LIFE
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• Cells are basic units of all living things.
• All living things including animals, plants, and humans are made up of cells.
• Like bricks that make up a house, cells are the building block of life.
• Robert Hooke (1635-1703) was the first person to name the cell.
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• A ‘cell’ means a small room. he came across cells when he was examining pieces of cork under the microscope he had invented.
• A cell is the smallest unit of living things. It can be function and survive on its own.
• Cell are responsible to carrying out life processes.
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MICROSCOPE
• A microscope makes an object look bigger than it actually is. It magnifies the object.
• It is used to observe very tiny objects which are not visible to the naked eye.
• Cells of living things can be observed with a microscope.
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• Organism can be divided into 2 groups namely unicellular organisms and multicellular organisms.
UNICELLULAR ORGANISMS• Unicellular organisms are organisms that consist
of only 1 cell only.(‘uni’ means one).
• Also known as unicellular microorganisms because their tiny size.
• These organisms usually live in the sea, rivers, and lakes.
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• Unicellular organisms carry out all the life processes such as movement, response, respiration, digestion, excretion, reproduction, and growth.
• Examples of unicellular organisms are euglena, amoeba, paramecium, yeast, and chlamydomonas.
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MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS
• Multicellular organisms are organisms that consist of many cell (‘multi’ means many).
• Like unicellular organisms, multicellular organisms carry out all the processes of life.
• Multicellular organisms are made up of many types of cells.
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• Each type of cell has a different structure and carries out only specific function.
• Man is the most complex multicellular organisms.
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Cell organisation in the human body
• Human being are the most complex multicellular organisms(has billions of cells).
• In multicellular organisms, different function are carried out by different types of cells.
• This is known as cell specialisation.
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From cell to tissue
• In multicellular organisms, the same type of cells form groups.
• These group are called tissue.
• Each cell in a tissue carries out the same function.
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From tissue to organ
• A few different types of tissues group together to form an organ.
• An organ carries out a specific function.
• Eg. Heart(organ) is made up of muscular tissue, nervous tissue and connecting tissue. The heart pump blood to all parts of the body.
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BRAIN
EAR
SKIN
HEART
STOMACH
EYE
NOSE
LUNG
LIVER
INTESTINEAPPENDIX
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From organ to system• A few group of organ which work together to
perform a specific function forms a system.
• A system carries out a function.
• System ensure that our bodies function normally.
• The kidneys, the lungs, the liver, the skin are excretory organ. Together they make up the excretory system.
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From system to organism.
• There are many systems in our bodies.
• All systems in the body work together to produce an independent organisms.
• These systems do not work independently. They all cooperate with one another so that the human body function as a whole.
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• Cells are organised in the following way.
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• The end
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