Forging the New Republic

1789-1815

Washington takes office

As our 1st president, he set several precedents

“Mr. President” Did not seek a 3rd term Chose well known leaders to

serve in his Cabinet

The President’s Cabinet

Henry Knox, Secretary of War Thomas Jefferson, Secretary of State

Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of the Treasury

Edmond Randolph, Attorney General

Bill of Rights Passed

Judiciary Act

Congress appointed John Jay as Chief Justice and 5 other Supreme Court judges

Also set up a system of district and circuit courts across the nation.

Arguments start over national debt

Alexander Hamilton, Sec. of Treasury

National Bank is good!

Sell bonds to pay debts!

James Madison Don’t reward

speculators! If the southern

states paid off their debts, the north should, too!http://www.treasurydirect.gov/indiv/products/prod_ibonds_glance.htm

http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RS22926.pdf

Plans to build the Economy

Hamilton wanted a protective tariff on imported goods

North says YES! South says NO! Congress ended up passing a low tariff

Two viewpoints on the Constitution

Strict construction – the government should only do what the Constitution specifically says

Loose construction – the government can take any reasonable action not specifically forbidden by the Constitution

Compromise

The capitol would be built in the south (Virginia) if the southern states would support Hamilton’s plan.

Whiskey Rebellion

Washington’s thoughts

The U.S. should remain independent from foreign nations’ disputes.

Avoid the “baneful” effects of political parties…they will only divide you!

Rise of Political Parties

• Led by Hamilton• Wealthy & educated should lead• Favored strong central government• Manufacturing & trade• Pro-British• YES! to National Bank

• Led by Jefferson• Power belongs to the people• Favored strong state governments• Farming• Pro-French• NO! to National Bank

FederalistsDemocratic Republicans

Section 2, Creating a foreign policy

American support for the French Revolution was mixed because of the violence & chaos.

A glass of champagne,perhaps, before our next beheading?

Jefferson v.

Hamilton &Adams

Washington issues the

Neutrality Proclamation

Jefferson Resigns

British seize 250 ships in the

FrenchWest Indies!

Jay Treaty – “give back our ships…and that land you own in the west & our people will pay their debts…”

Jay Treaty, or Jay's Treaty, a treaty negotiated and signed in 1794 by John Jay, United States special envoy, and Lord William Grenville, British foreign secretary, to settle mutual grievances.

2nd President – John Adams

John Adams had most votes, became President, Jefferson as runner up became V-P

But they were enemies, so things went from bad to worse!

“His Rotundity”

XYZ Affair

French diplomats tried to bribe Adams

“Millions for defense but not one cent for tribute!”

Adams kept the U.S. out of the war but lost the support of his party…

FrigatesTHE VESSEL TO BE KNOWN AS “OLD IRONSIDES” SLIDES INTO THE SEAColumbian Centinel, BostonOctober 25, 1797The powerful new 44-gun frigate, “Constitution,” which would become famous during the War of 1812, is launched in Boston harbor. An eyewitness report reads, in part: “The best judges have pronounced the CONSTITUTION, like her archetype to be a perfect model of elegance, strength, and durability.”

Alien and Sedition Acts

The President could expel any alien thought to be dangerous to the country.

Made it illegal to criticize the government or its officials.

Jefferson was furious!

“They [the Federalists] have brought into the lower house a sedition bill which…is so against the Constitution as to show they mean to pay no respect to it.”

Jefferson’s Response

Got Virginia & Kentucky to pass resolutions that said the states could decide whether or not federal law was constitutional.

Election of 1800

Nasty politics (Federalist newspapers claimed that the election of Jefferson would cause the "teaching of "murder robbery, rape, adultery and incest".)

A tie between Jefferson and Aaron Burr So the House chose Jefferson as

President.