forestry measurements ms. dombroski september 2005
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Forestry MeasurementsForestry Measurements
Ms. DombroskiMs. Dombroski
September 2005September 2005
Pre-readingPre-reading
Website readingWebsite reading http://forestry.msu.edu/uptreeid/Histhttp://forestry.msu.edu/uptreeid/Hist
ory/Modern.htmory/Modern.htm
After your finished take a look at After your finished take a look at “Facts About “Facts About Today'sToday's Michigan Michigan Forests” Forests”
Let’s ReviewLet’s Review
What are our most popular trees?What are our most popular trees?
Who owns the most forested land in Who owns the most forested land in Michigan?Michigan?
Where is the majority of our forest?Where is the majority of our forest?
Why are forests important?Why are forests important?
PacingPacing How far is one step? that is your paceHow far is one step? that is your pace
Everyone's will be different, you must Everyone's will be different, you must remember yoursremember yours
We’ll measure out 1 chain (66ft) We’ll measure out 1 chain (66ft)
You will practice walking this distance You will practice walking this distance to get an average pace measureto get an average pace measure
Percent Crown CoveragePercent Crown Coverage
From a point looking up, what % of the From a point looking up, what % of the sky is covered (no light gets through)sky is covered (no light gets through)
Our measurement tool is called an ocular Our measurement tool is called an ocular tubetube
We will be We will be
making our own making our own
and using them and using them
outsideoutside
Ocular TubeOcular Tube
Hold it above your face just an inch Hold it above your face just an inch or so, you see several squares, or so, you see several squares, their either covered or nottheir either covered or not
Count the ones covered Count the ones covered
Multiply this number by 4 to get Multiply this number by 4 to get 100% canopy cover100% canopy cover
From spot one move 5 paces From spot one move 5 paces rerecord, repeat until you have 8 rerecord, repeat until you have 8 readings readings
This represents 25%
Creating a Ocular TubeCreating a Ocular Tube You will Need:You will Need:
2.5” wide Square PVC Pipe – 6” in 2.5” wide Square PVC Pipe – 6” in LengthLength
Fine-Gauge Wire (Floral Wire)Fine-Gauge Wire (Floral Wire) SawSaw Drill w/ very small bitDrill w/ very small bit
Drill 4 evenly spaced holes on each Drill 4 evenly spaced holes on each side of PVC, ½ “ apartside of PVC, ½ “ apart
Thread wire through holes in a grid Thread wire through holes in a grid pattern.pattern.
What is a Board Foot?What is a Board Foot?
12”long X 12”wide by 1” thick12”long X 12”wide by 1” thick This is the measurement marketable This is the measurement marketable
timber is sold by (144 cubic inches per timber is sold by (144 cubic inches per bd ft)bd ft)
So if we have a 2X4 that’s 8ft long, how So if we have a 2X4 that’s 8ft long, how many Bd ft is that?many Bd ft is that?
2inch x 4inch (8ft x 12in/ft) = 768 2inch x 4inch (8ft x 12in/ft) = 768 cubic/incubic/in
768/144 = 5.33 bd ft768/144 = 5.33 bd ft 12”12”1”
Practicing Bd ftPracticing Bd ft
We cut a 1 ½ x 8 on our sawmill in We cut a 1 ½ x 8 on our sawmill in the bullpen, its 10ft long. What’s the the bullpen, its 10ft long. What’s the bd ft?bd ft?
1.5x8 (10ft x 12in/ft) = 1440 cubic ft1.5x8 (10ft x 12in/ft) = 1440 cubic ft 1440/144 = 10 Bd Ft1440/144 = 10 Bd Ft
Diameter at Breast HeightDiameter at Breast Height This is 4 ½ feet from the level groundThis is 4 ½ feet from the level ground This helps us decide marketable timberThis helps us decide marketable timber The sectional area is also called Basal The sectional area is also called Basal
areaarea
We will use both;We will use both; diameter tape anddiameter tape and the Biltmore stick the Biltmore stick
Height in logs or boltsHeight in logs or bolts
Logs - 16ft marketable Logs - 16ft marketable section of a hardwood treesection of a hardwood tree
Bolts –8ft marketable section Bolts –8ft marketable section of a coniferous treeof a coniferous tree
This is measured until a This is measured until a break in the bowl (trunk) on break in the bowl (trunk) on hardwoods or 8” diameterhardwoods or 8” diameter
And measured up to a 4” And measured up to a 4” diameter on pinesdiameter on pines
Measuring Marketable TimberMeasuring Marketable Timber
We use # of logs and DBH to figure We use # of logs and DBH to figure Marketable timber or volumeMarketable timber or volume
By looking at the “How much Lumber By looking at the “How much Lumber is in that Tree” handout we see there is in that Tree” handout we see there is more than one way to figure this is more than one way to figure this amountamount
Aging TreesAging Trees
Taking a core Taking a core samplesample
Counting sections of Counting sections of limbs on coniferslimbs on conifers
Tree cookiesTree cookies
Density of Trees per AcreDensity of Trees per Acre
Usually estimates by 1/10 acre plotsUsually estimates by 1/10 acre plots Done in several random areas of a Done in several random areas of a
standstand These areas are then averagedThese areas are then averaged 1/10 plot = a circle with a 37.2ft 1/10 plot = a circle with a 37.2ft
radiusradius 37.2
At higher densities, the growth rates of individual trees slow down because there are more trees competing for the site's limited resources.